James P. Allison

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
James P. Allison, 2015

James "Jim" Patrick Allison (born August 7, 1948 in Alice , Texas ) is an American immunologist . In 2018 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine together with Tasuku Honjo .

Life

Allison grew up in Alice , Texas . He graduated from the University of Texas at Austin a Bachelor in microbiology and 1973 with the work Studies on bacterial asparaginases: isolation and characterization of a tumor inhibitory asparaginase from Alcaligenes eutrophus - Insolubilization of L-asparaginase by covalent attachment to nylon tubing a Ph.D. . in life sciences .

He worked as a postdoctoral fellow at the Scripps Research Institute before becoming a first professor at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Research Center in Smithville , Texas. After eight years, Allison moved to the University of California, Berkeley as Professor of Immunology and Head of Cancer Research .

In 2004 Allison went to the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in Manhattan , New York City . In 2011 he became head of the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research there , of which he had been co-director since 2006. His work in New York from 2004 to 2012 was funded by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI).

In 2012, Allison joined the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston , Texas as Head of Immunology .

Allison has been married since 1969 and has one son.

Act

To Allison's research achievements include not only the discovery of the T-cell receptor and the discovery that T cells in addition to binding to an antigen need a second signal to start an immune response: A molecule called B7 on the antigen-presenting cell that needs to CD28 on activate the T-cell.

Cancer therapy by blocking inhibiting immune regulators (CTLA4, PD-1)

In 1995, Allison et al. Discovered CTLA-4 , a protein that mediates the weakening of the immune system by regulatory T cells . In addition to the possibility of reducing autoimmune diseases by activating the CTLA-4 , Allison was particularly interested in the possibility of strengthening the immune system in its fight against cancer cells by blocking the CTLA-4 , probably due to the accumulation of cancer in his family . In particular, a drug against CTLA4 would strengthen the immune system against all types of cancer - while most forms of cancer immunotherapy are only effective against one specific tumor. The monoclonal antibody ipilimumab (trade name Yervoy ) was approved as a drug for the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma in the USA after long-term studies . Further studies of other cancers with the agent are in progress.

Inspired by Allison's approach of influencing the immune system with antibodies against natural modulators, other cancer drugs are being developed around the world.

Allison's current work deals with the modulation of the immune system through manipulation of the various mediators , as well as with the combination of these procedures with classical chemotherapy .

Allison has (as of April 2019) an h-index of 125. Since 2016, Thomson Reuters has counted him among the favorites for a Nobel Prize ( Thomson Reuters Citation Laureates ) due to the number of his citations . In 2018, Allison and Tasuku Honjo received the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology for their research into cancer therapy by inhibiting negative immune regulation.

Awards (selection)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Studies on bacterial asparaginases: isolation and characterization of a tumor inhibitory asparaginase from Alcaligenes eutrophus - Insolubilization of L-asparaginase by covalent attachment to nylon tubing at WorldCat (worldcat.org); Retrieved December 19, 2013
  2. ↑ James P. Allison, PhD at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (hhmi.org); Retrieved December 19, 2013
  3. ^ James Allison - Google Scholar Citations. In: scholar.google.de. Retrieved April 20, 2019 .
  4. ↑ Web of Science Predicts 2016 Nobel Prize Winners. (No longer available online.) In: ipscience.thomsonreuters.com. September 21, 2016, archived from the original on September 21, 2016 ; accessed on September 21, 2016 (English).
  5. ^ The American Association of Immunologists - Past Presidents and Officers. In: aai.org. Retrieved April 16, 2018 .
  6. ^ William B. Coley Award at the Cancer Research Institute (cancerresearch.org); Retrieved December 19, 2013
  7. ^ Fellows of the AAAS: James Allison. (No longer available online.) American Association for the Advancement of Science, archived from the original on January 24, 2018 ; accessed on January 23, 2018 .
  8. ^ Past Winners - Gabbay Award - Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center - Brandeis University. In: brandeis.edu. Retrieved February 13, 2016 .
  9. ^ Breakthrough Prize. In: breakthroughprize.org. Retrieved June 7, 2017 .
  10. ^ Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize 2014 at Columbia University (columbia.edu); Retrieved October 3, 2014.
  11. ↑ https://am.asco.org/dr-james-p-allison-honored-science-oncology-award
  12. ↑ James P. Allison and Carl H. June receive the Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize 2015. Paul Ehrlich Foundation, January 29, 2015
  13. ↑ Book of Members 1780 – present, Chapter A. (PDF; 945 kB) In: American Academy of Arts and Sciences (amacad.org). Retrieved April 16, 2018 .
  14. ↑ J. Allison and R. Schreiber: Balzan Prize 2017 for immunological approaches in cancer therapy. In: balzan.org. November 16, 2017, accessed April 16, 2018 .
  15. ^ King Faisal International Prize - Professor James P. Allison. In: kfip.org. Accessed January 11, 2018 .
personal data
SURNAME Allison, James P.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Allison, James Patrick (full name); Allison, Jim (nickname)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American immunologist
DATE OF BIRTH August 7, 1948
PLACE OF BIRTH Alice , Texas