Wilchek escaped the Holocaust via Siberia and came to Israel with his mother and sister in 1949. His father died in the Flossenbürg concentration camp . After serving in the Israeli Air Force, he studied chemistry and physics at Bar-Ilan University (Bachelor in 1960) and received his doctorate from the Weizmann Institute in 1963 , while at the same time working as chief chemist in a company (Yeda Research and Development Company , Rechovot ). He is a professor at the Weizmann Institute and was Dean of the Faculty of Biophysics and Biochemistry there.
Wilchek is known for the development of affinity chromatography and its application (also for example in hemoperfusion therapy) and for the development of affinity labeling and affinity therapy .