1895
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Calendar overview 1895
1895 | |
---|---|
Oscar Wilde is sentenced to two years in hard labor. |
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered later named after him X-rays . |
The Sino-Japanese War ends with the victory of Japan. China has to cede the island of Taiwan in the Shimonoseki Treaty . |
|
1895 in other calendars | |
Armenian calendar | 1343/44 (turn of the year July) |
Ethiopian calendar | 1887/88 (September 11-12) |
Baha'i calendar | 51/52 (March 20/21) |
Bengali solar calendar | 1300/01 (beginning of April 14th or 15th) |
Buddhist calendar | 2438/39 (southern Buddhism); 2437/38 (alternative calculation according to Buddha's Parinirvana ) |
Chinese calendar | 76th (77th) cycle
Year of the wood sheep 乙未 ( at the beginning of the year wood horse 甲午) |
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam) | 1257/58 (turn of the year April) |
Dangun era (Korea) | 4228/29 (2-3 October) |
Iranian calendar | 1273/74 (around March 21) |
Islamic calendar | 1312/13 (June 24/25) |
Japanese calendar |
Meiji 28 (
明治 28 年); Koki 2555 |
Jewish calendar | 5655/56 (September 18-19) |
Coptic calendar | 1611/12 (11/12 September) |
Malayalam calendar | 1070/71 |
Rumi Calendar (Ottoman Empire) | 1310/11 (March 1) |
Seleucid era | Babylon: 2205/06 (turn of the year April)
Syria: 2206/07 (New Year October) |
Suriyakati Calendar (Thai Solar Calendar) | 2437/38 (April 1) |
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar) | 1951/52 (April) |
Events
Politics and world events
Europe
- January 1 : Joseph Zemp becomes President of Switzerland .
- January 5 : In France , Alfred Dreyfus , an officer convicted of treason by a court martial, is militarily demoted before his deportation.
- July 15 : The former Prime Minister of Bulgaria , Stefan Stambolow , is attacked by political opponents. He dies from his injuries three days later.
- October 8 : In Trabzon , locals carry out a massacre of the Armenians that kills several hundred.
- October 30 : Erzurum massacre
Asia
- April 17th : The Sino-Japanese War ends with the victory of Japan and the Treaty of Shimonoseki .
- May 25 : In protest against the Treaty of Shimonoseki, in which the defeated China in the First Sino-Japanese War must cede the island of Taiwan to Japan , forces loyal to China under Tang Ching-sung declare the island's independence and proclaim the Republic of Formosa .
- May 29 : Japanese troops land in Keelung on the island of Taiwan , which China has given to Japan , in order to fight the Republic of Formosa , which has been declared there .
- October 8 : The Korean ruler's wife Myeongseong , known as Queen Min , is murdered together with two ladies-in - waiting in Gyeongbokgung Palace in Seoul, probably at the instigation of Japan .
- October 21 : After the Japanese conquest, the independent Republic of Formosa collapses. Your president is fleeing to China.
Africa
- January 14 / January 15 : In the battles of Coatit and Senafe 's troops are Ethiopian governor of Tigray defeated, the victorious Italians occupy then Tigray, resulting in an Italian-Ethiopian war developed
- July 1 : The United Kingdom proclaims British East Africa a protectorate .
- October 9 : During the Italo -Ethiopian War , Italian colonial troops defeat Tigrin troops in the Battle of Debra Ailà
- Madagascar becomes a French protectorate after the conquest .
America
- The war of independence against Spanish colonial rule begins in Cuba .
economy
Trade fairs and exhibitions
- June 21 : Opening of the German-Nordic trade and industry exhibition in Lübeck
- First sample fair in Leipzig
Communications
- January 1st : The Swiss dispatch agency starts operations as a news agency .
Patents
- June 25 : WJ Ewing applies for a patent for the Ewing system for monorails in the USA .
- June 26th : Louis Krauss applies for Swiss patent protection for his rocking bathtub .
Business start-ups
- January 15 : David Stempel founds a company in Sachsenhausen near Frankfurt, which soon after became the leader as the D. Stempel type foundry .
- March 29 : The Königsberger Zellstoff-Fabrik AG is founded.
- April 1st : The music equipment manufacturer Brachhausen & Rießner is converted into Polyphon Musikwerke AG .
- August 26 : The Edward Dean Adams Power Plant starts operations.
- December 18th : Today's Škoda company is founded under the name Laurin & Klement by the bookseller Václav Laurin and the locksmith Václav Klement in Mladá Boleslav (Czech Republic).
- The Swiss company Givaudan is founded in Zurich by Léon and Xavier Givaudan .
- The Italian coffee refiner and distributor of coffee beans and flour Lavazza is founded in Turin by Luigi Lavazza .
- With the support of Lily von Gizycki, Minna Cauer founds the radical feminist magazine Die Frauenbewegung .
traffic
- March 18 : The first bus line in the world with a petrol-powered bus (5 HP), used by the Netphener bus company , built by Carl Benz , starts operating between Deuz and Siegen .
- June 21 : Kaiser Wilhelm II opens the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal, named after his grandfather, in a festive ceremony . The ceremony is filmed by the Briton Birt Acres with a film camera; his film Opening of the Kiel Canal is considered the oldest film recording in Germany.
- July 8 : The entire Delagoa Railway is officially opened by the South African President Paul Kruger . It connects the South African capital Pretoria with the Mozambican capital Maputo and the port there in Delagoa Bay . The five-year construction period was preceded by a 20-year planning phase.
- July 13th : In the province of Schleswig-Holstein, a 13.78 km long meter-gauge small railway is officially opened, which connects the North Frisian Niebüll with the ferry port Dagebüll .
- August 3 : In the Ottoman Empire, the railway line between Damascus and Beirut , built by the French railway company Société des Chemins de fer Ottomans économiques de Beyrouth-Damas-Hauran , goes into operation.
- November 12th : The Automobile Club de France is the world's first traffic club in Paris .
Other economic events
- July 6 : The Great Wheel in London opens to the public after a year of construction.
- September 23 : The founding congress in Limoges ends with the creation of the Confédération générale du travail (CGT), the French trade union confederation .
- Aibling is recognized as a spa by Prince Luitpold .
science and technology
Antarctic exploration
- January 23 : The polar explorer Carsten Egeberg Borchgrevink is the first person to set foot on the Antarctic mainland .
Cinematography
- March 22nd : The world's first film screening takes place in front of a closed audience in Paris . A version of the film Workers Leaving the Lumière Works is shown .
- November 1st : The world's first public film screening takes place in Berlin in the Varieté Wintergarten by the brothers Max and Emil Skladanowsky.
- December 28th : The first commercial film screening in France takes place in the Grand Café on Boulevard des Capucines in Paris by the Lumière brothers . Among other things, the self-made short films The Watered Gardener and The Arrival of a Train at the Train Station in La Ciotat will be shown.
Science and medicine
- January 31 : William Ramsay and John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh , announce the discovery of the chemical element argon .
- May 7th : The Russian physicist Alexander Stepanowitsch Popow uses a dipole antenna for the first time to receive electromagnetic waves .
- July 24th : At the Cobenzl in Vienna, Sigmund Freud completely interprets his own dream for the first time , the “dream of Irma's injection”.
- September 18 : Daniel David Palmer becomes the first chiropractor . He corrects a displaced vertebra of a patient, which gives the latter back his hearing ability.
- November 8th Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovers the X-rays .
- December 28th : The publication A New Kind of Radiation appears. In it, the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen reports on his discovery of November 8th of the X-rays later named after him .
- The Linde process , a technical method for gas separation, is developed by Carl von Linde .
Technical achievements
- December 27 : The suspension bridge over the Río Cauca , which connects the Colombian towns of Santa Fe de Antioquia and Olaya and at the time is the longest in South America, is completed after eight years.
Culture
Architecture and fine arts
- April 30th : The first Venice Biennale opens as I Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte della Città di Venezia in the presence of the Italian royal couple Umberto I and Margherita di Savoia . The Palazzo dell'Esposizione was built especially for the exhibition in winter. The international exhibition of Italian art is to take place every two years in Venice from now on, by decision of the city council .
- May 4th : The Luther monument in Eisenach , created by the sculptor Adolf von Donndorf, is ceremoniously inaugurated.
- May: The final version of Washington Square Arch is inaugurated.
- June 3 : The Monument aux Bourgeois de Calais by Auguste Rodin is in Calais inaugurated.
literature
- January to March: Theodor Fontane publishes the last three episodes of his novel Effi Briest . The work is considered to be a climax and turning point in the poetic realism of German literature.
- January to May: HG Wells publishes his novel The Time Machine in England .
- April 30th : The author Oskar Panizza is sentenced to one year solitary confinement for blasphemy . His anti-Catholic grotesque The Love Council was a stumbling block for the Munich public prosecutor's office.
- November 2 : In the Viennese weekly Die Zeit , Hugo von Hofmannsthal's story The fairy tale of the 672nd night begins .
Music and theater
- January 15 : The production of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's ballet Swan Lake by the Imperial Ballet , choreographed by Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov , is performed at the Mariinsky Theater in Saint Petersburg.
- February 14 : Oscar Wilde's three-act comedy The Importance of Being Earnest premieres with great success at St James's Theater , London.
- February 16 : The opera Guglielmo Ratcliff ( William Ratcliff ) by Pietro Mascagni has its world premiere at the Teatro alla Scala di Milano in Milan .
- March 4th : The first three movements of Gustav Mahler's 2nd symphony will be premiered in Berlin, the entire symphony will also be premiered on December 13th in Berlin, both performances with Mahler as conductor. Soloists are Josephine v. Artner and Hedwig Felden . The Berlin Philharmonic will play . The work experienced an overwhelming success.
- March 25th : The world premiere of the opera Silvano by Pietro Mascagni takes place at the Teatro alla Scala di Milano in Milan.
- April 1 : The comic opera La Vivandière of Benjamin Godard after the composer's death at the Opéra-Comique premiered in Paris.
- April 2nd : The opera The poor Heinrich by Hans Pfitzner based on the eponymous story by Hartmann von Aue is premiered at the State Theater in Mainz .
- May 4th : The musical play Der Evangelimann by Wilhelm Kienzl , inspired by a story from Leopold Florian Meissner's book From the Papers of a Police Inspector , has its world premiere in Berlin.
- May 6 : Richard Strauss finishes the fair copy of Till Eulenspiegel's funny pranks in Munich with a dedication to Arthur Seidl . The piece will be premiered on November 5th in the Gürzenich in Cologne with the Städtisches Gürzenich-Orchester under the direction of Franz Wüllner .
- August 10 : The first promenade concert is performed in the Queen's Hall in London . Henry Wood is the conductor .
- October 9 : At the Vienna Burgtheater is Arthur Schnitzler's play flirtation premiered.
Others
- May 18 : The amusement park Venice in Vienna in the Vienna Prater , one of the first theme parks in the world, was built by the entrepreneur Gabor Steiner together with the architect Oskar Marmorek .
- September 7 : The Museu Paulista, adjacent to the Parque da Independência, is ceremoniously opened in São Paulo .
- October 19 : The new Tonhalle in Zurich, which will replace the old Kornhaus , has its inauguration ceremony.
- The Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam is founded.
- Richard Felton Outcault's first modern comic called The Yellow Kid appears in The New World magazine .
society
- April 5 : At the University of Arkansas is Chi Omega , now the world's biggest female fraternity founded.
- May 25 : Oscar Wilde is sentenced to two years in prison with hard physical labor for homosexual "fornication".
- The first group of friends of nature is founded in September .
- November 27th : In his will, Alfred Nobel decrees the establishment of a prize for the categories of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine and literature. In addition, each year someone should be honored who has worked especially for the fraternization of peoples, the abolition or reduction of armies and peace.
- The Austrian psychologist Adolf Jost publishes the pamphlet The Right to Death and thus triggers a discussion about euthanasia in German-speaking countries.
religion
- July 10th : The social conditions in Belgium prompt Pope Leo XIII. the encyclical Permoti nos at the local Episcopal Conference .
- September 5th : A new encyclical of Pope Leo XIII appears under the title Adiutricem . who favors the rosary .
Disasters
- April 27 : The wall of the Bouzey reservoir (France) breaks. The catastrophe results in between 86 and 200 deaths.
- around April 11th : The Spanish cruiser Reina Regente sinks in a storm on the way from Tangier to Cadiz. 402 cast members are killed in the accident. It is the Spanish Navy's worst disaster in peacetime.
Sports
- May 5th : The newly founded gymnastics club Flingern 1895 is the nucleus for Fortuna Düsseldorf .
- May 10th : The Dortmund SC 95 is founded.
- Summer: In Hastings , the first is Hastings International Chess Congress held. The surprise winner is the American Harry Nelson Pillsbury . Wilhelm Steinitz only finished third in the tournament - together with world champion Emanuel Lasker - although he , in his own opinion, played the best game of his life with Steinitz - von Bardeleben, Hastings against Curt von Bardeleben in 1895 .
- December 15th : The FuCC Eintracht Braunschweig is founded.
- Probably December: William G. Morgan , PE teacher in Holyoke , developed the game Mintonette as a gentler alternative to basketball invented in 1891 . Under the name volleyball , it will become a sport that is popular around the world in the next few years.
Born
January
- January 1 : J. Edgar Hoover , founder and director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) († 1972 )
- January 1 : Gustav Schickedanz , German manufacturer and entrepreneur († 1977 )
- January 2 : Folke Bernadotte , Swedish officer, Vice President of the Swedish Red Cross († 1948 )
- January 3 : Borys Lyatoschynskyj , Ukrainian composer († 1968 )
- January 4 : Leroy Grumman , American designer and aircraft manufacturer († 1982 )
- January 4th : Lourens Gerhard Marinus Baas Becking , Dutch botanist and microbiologist († 1963 )
- January 5th : Elizabeth "Libba" Cotten , American folk and blues musician († 1987 )
- January 5th : Albert Marier , Canadian singer († 1971 )
- January 7th : Väinö Auer , Finnish geologist and geographer († 1981 )
- January 7th : Clara Haskil , Romanian pianist († 1960 )
- January 7th : Melchior Vischer , German writer († 1975 )
- January 8 : Béla Zsolt , Hungarian writer and journalist († 1949 )
- January 10 : Percy Cerutty , Australian athletics coach († 1975 )
- January 10 : Rudolf Kohl , German politician († 1964 )
- January 10 : Kadish Luz , Israeli politician, Minister of Agriculture, Spokesman for the Knesset († 1972 )
- January 10 : Fritz Schachermeyr , Austrian ancient historian († 1987 )
- January 11th : Laurens Hammond , American inventor of the Hammond organ († 1973 )
- January 13 : Abraham Binder , American composer († 1966 )
- January 14 : Rüdiger Schleicher , German resistance fighter against National Socialism († 1945 )
- January 15 : Henri Anet , Swiss politician († 1983 )
- January 15 : Artturi Ilmari Virtanen , Finnish biochemist and Nobel Prize winner († 1973 )
- January 17 : John Duff , Canadian racing car driver († 1958 )
- January 17 : Hugo Karpf , German politician († 1994 )
- January 18 : Johannes Mattfeld , German botanist († 1951 )
- January 19 : Ernst Hoferichter , German (Bavarian) writer († 1966 )
- January 20 : Walter Bock , German chemist († 1948 )
- January 20 : Eva Jessye , American choir conductor and composer († 1992 )
- January 21 : Cristóbal Balenciaga , Spanish fashion designer of haute couture († 1972 )
- January 21 : Hans Carl Nipperdey , German lawyer († 1968 )
- January 23 : Harry Darby , American politician († 1987 )
- January 23 : Lorenzo Raimundo Parodi , Argentine agricultural engineer and botanist († 1966 )
- January 24 : Albert Divo , French racing car driver († 1966 )
- January 24th : Eugen Roth , German lyric poet and popular poet († 1976 )
- January 24 : Albin Zollinger , Swiss writer († 1941 )
- January 25 : Eduard Imhof , Swiss cartographer († 1986 )
- January 25 : Heinrich Landahl , Hamburg School Senator († 1971 )
- January 25 : Paolo Marella , Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church († 1984 )
- January 26 : Amos Arbor , Canadian ice hockey player († 1943 )
- January 27 : Harry Ruby , American screenwriter, composer and lyricist († 1974 )
- January 30th : Marianne Goltz-Goldlust , Austrian actress, Righteous Among the Nations († 1943 )
- January 30th : Wilhelm Gustloff , regional group leader of the NSDAP foreign organization in Switzerland († 1936 )
February
- February 2 : George Halas , American football player, coach and owner of an NFL team († 1983 )
- February 2 : Hans Möbius , German archaeologist († 1977 )
- February 4 : Karl Diedrichsen , German politician and Member of the Bundestag († 1959 )
- February 6 : Franz Radziwill , German painter († 1983 )
- February 6 : George Herman Ruth , American baseball player of German descent († 1948 )
- February 6 : Sepp Allgeier , German cameraman and photographer († 1968 )
- February 6 : Ferdinand Peroutka , Czech writer, dramaturge and publicist († 1978 )
- February 6 : Kurt Wolff , German fighter pilot in World War I († 1917 )
- February 7 : Irving A. Aaronson , American jazz pianist and band leader († 1963 )
- February 7th : Fritz Lattke , German painter († 1980 )
- February 8 : Chorloogiin Tschoibalsan , Mongolian communist politician († 1952 )
- February 9 : Fyodor Alexandrowitsch Ozep , Russian film director and screenwriter († 1949 )
- February 9 : Hermann Brill , German politician, resistance fighter against National Socialism († 1959 )
- February 9 : Dutch Sternaman , American football player and football official († 1973 )
- February 9 : Max Valier , South Tyrolean writer, astronomer and rocket building pioneer († 1930 )
- February 10 : Edmond Gaujac , French composer and music teacher († 1962 )
- February 10 : Hans Gustav Röhr , German automobile pioneer († 1937 )
- February 12 : Thorleif Auerdahl , Norwegian poet († 1918 )
- February 12 : Kristian Djurhuus , Faroese politician († 1984 )
- February 14 : Alexander Alexandrowitsch Mikulin , Soviet engine designer († 1985 )
- February 14 : Max Horkheimer , German philosopher and sociologist († 1973 )
- February 14 : Wilhelm Burgdorf , German military († 1945 )
- February 15 : Franz Wittmann , German politician († 1975 )
- February 16 : Franz Böhm , German lawyer, politician and economist († 1977 )
- February 16 : Hermann Krawinkel , German lawyer († 1975 )
- February 17th : Franz Overkott , German homeland researcher († 1983 )
- February 18 : Pete Henderson , Canadian racing car driver († 1940 )
- February 18 : Hermann Florstedt , SS-Standartenführer and camp commandant of the Majdanek concentration camp († unknown)
- February 18 : Gustav von Wangenheim , German actor and director († 1975 )
- February 19 : Louis Calhern , American actor († 1956 )
- February 19 : Esther Fahmy Wissa , Egyptian women's rights activist († 1990 )
- February 20 : Karl Pinnow , German resistance fighter against National Socialism († 1942 )
- February 20 : Louis Zborowski , British racing driver and engineer († 1924 )
- February 21 : Erich Knauf , German journalist, writer and songwriter († 1944 )
- February 21 : Henrik Dam , Danish biochemist, Nobel Laureate († 1976 )
- February 21 : Emil Stepanek , Austrian film architect († 1945 )
- February 22nd : Erwin Jürgens , German politician († 1974 )
- February 22nd : Henri Lacroix , Canadian harmonica player († 1962 )
- February 22nd : Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre , Peruvian politician, founder of APRA († 1979 )
- February 23 : Kyriena Siloti , American music teacher († 1989 )
- February 24 : Nat W. Finston , American composer and conductor († 1979 )
- February 24 : Vsevolod Vyacheslavovich Ivanov , Russian writer († 1963 )
- February 25 : Reinhold Bicher , German painter and graphic artist († 1975 )
- February 25 : Werner Zech , German General († 1981 )
- February 28 : Herbert Bellmer , German teacher and writer († 1950 )
- February 28 : Marcel Pagnol , French writer, dramaturge and director († 1974 )
March
- March 2 : Tage Aurell , Swedish writer, screenwriter, journalist and translator († 1976 )
- March 2 : Emilio Azcárraga Vidaurreta , Mexican media entrepreneur († 1972 )
- March 3 : Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch , Norwegian economist († 1973 )
- March 3 : Matthew B. Ridgway , American general († 1993 )
- March 4th : Bjarne Brustad , Norwegian violinist, violist and composer († 1978 )
- March 4 : Shemp Howard , American comedian, member of the comedian troupe The Three Stooges († 1955 )
- March 5 : Sigfrid Vilhelm Arnell , Swedish botanist († 1970 )
- March 5 : Fritz Usinger , German writer († 1982 )
- March 7 : Juan José Castro , Argentine composer († 1968 )
- March 7th : Hugo Tetrode , Dutch scientist († 1931 )
- March 9 : Isobel Baillie , Scottish soprano († 1983 )
- March 9th : Adolf Scheibe , German engineer and inventor, developer of the quartz watch in Germany († 1958 )
- March 10 : Fritz Koelle , German sculptor († 1953 )
- March 11 : Elisabeth of Hesse-Darmstadt , Princess of Hesse and the Rhine († 1903 )
- March 11 : Hans Drexler , German classical philologist († 1984 )
- March 11 : Fritz Loewe , German meteorologist and polar researcher († 1974 )
- March 12 : Otakar Batlička , Czech writer, resistance fighter, globetrotter († 1942 )
- March 13 : Luigi Cevenini , Italian football player († 1968 )
- March 13 : Vardis Fisher , American writer († 1968 )
- March 15 : Virgil Chapman , American politician († 1951 )
- March 15 : Albert Finck , German politician († 1956 )
- March 16 : José Gabriel Anaya y Diez de Bonilla , Mexican bishop of Zamora († 1976 )
- March 18 : Wilhelm Rexrodt , German politician († 1969 )
- March 18 : Walter Rheiner , German poet and writer († 1925 )
- March 19 : Ion Barbu , Romanian writer and mathematician († 1961 )
- March 19 : Ernst August Farke , German politician († 1975 )
- March 20 : Robert Benoist , French resistance fighter and racing car driver († 1944 )
- March 20 : Albert Hensel , German resistance fighter († 1942 )
- March 21 : Emilio Capacetti , Puerto Rican singer († 1983 )
- March 21 : Joseph Panholzer , German politician († 1973 )
- March 23 : Edna Mayo , American film actress († 1970 )
- March 25 : Edmund Horton , American bobsledder († 1944 )
- March 27 : Erich Abraham , German officer († 1971 )
- March 28 : Christian Herter , American politician († 1966 )
- March 29 : Ernst Jünger , German writer and publicist († 1998 )
- March 29th : Théodore Ribail , French racing car driver († 1942 )
- March 30th : Josef Bürckel , German teacher, Gauleiter of the Saarpfalz district († 1944 )
- March 30th : Jean Giono , French writer and narrator († 1970 )
- March 31 : Otto Griebel , German painter († 1972 )
- March 31 : John Jay McCloy , American High Commissioner in Germany († 1989 )
April
- April 1 : Alexander Craig Aitken , New Zealand mathematician († 1967 )
- April 2 : Georg Baur , German politician († 1975 )
- April 3 : Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco , Italian composer († 1968 )
- April 3 : Fritz Reinhardt , German State Secretary in the Ministry of Finance during the Nazi era († 1969 )
- April 3 : Luigi Traglia , Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal († 1977 )
- April 4 : Bruno Beye , German painter and graphic artist († 1976 )
- April 4 : Helen Dore Boylston , American writer († 1984 )
- April 6 : Erich Abberger , German officer († 1988 )
- April 6 : Dudley Nichols , American screenwriter († 1960 )
- April 9 : Michel Simon , French actor († 1975 )
- April 9 : Rudolf Kattnigg , Austrian composer, pianist and conductor († 1955 )
- April 10 : Kurt Meyer-Eberhardt , German painter and etcher († 1977 )
- April 11 : Friedrich Pruss von Zglinicki , German writer, illustrator and comic artist († 1986 )
- April 12 : Lucie Adelsberger , German physician († 1971 )
- April 12 : Giovanni Panico , Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church († 1962 )
- April 12 : Robert Mulka , SS-Obersturmführer and adjutant of the commander in Auschwitz concentration camp († 1969 )
- April 13 : Maximilian Eugen of Austria , Austrian Archduke († 1952 )
- April 14 : Wiktor Łabuński , Polish-American composer, pianist and music teacher († 1974 )
- April 14 : Anton Reinthaller , landowner and politician († 1958 )
- April 15 : Clark McConachy , New Zealand snooker player and world champion in English billiards († 1980 )
- April 16 : Ove Arup , British-Danish-Norwegian engineer († 1988 )
- April 16 : Mischa Mischakoff , violinist and music teacher of Ukrainian origin († 1981 )
- April 17 : Wilhelm Ahlmann , German banker († 1944 )
- April 18 : Michael Felke , German entrepreneur († 1977 )
- April 19 : Anton Pieck , Dutch painter, draftsman and graphic artist († 1987 )
- April 19 : Herman Roosdorp , Dutch-Belgian racing driver († 1965 )
- April 20 : Henry de Montherlant , French writer († 1972 )
- April 22 : František Korte , Czech composer († 1962 )
- April 23 : John Ainsworth-Davis , British sprinter († 1976 )
- April 23 : Mary Jane Carr , American journalist and writer († 1988 )
- April 23 : Ngaio Marsh , New Zealand crime novelist († 1982 )
- April 25 : Elly Linden , German politician († 1987 )
- April 25 : Stanley Rous , British sports official, President of the world football association FIFA († 1986 )
- April 27 : Eduard Henneberger , Swiss pianist and composer († 1966 )
- April 27 : Pedro Rebolledo , Panamanian composer († 1963 )
- April 29 : Malcolm Sargent , English conductor († 1967 )
- April 29 : Vladimir Jakowlewitsch Propp , Russian folklorist († 1970 )
- April 29 : Léon Savary , Swiss writer and journalist. († 1968 )
May
- May 1 : Nikolai Jeschow , head of the Soviet secret police NKVD († 1940 )
- May 1 : Leo Sowerby , American composer († 1968 )
- May 2 : Wilm Hosenfeld , German military († 1952 )
- May 2 : Alfred Kurella , German writer and SED cultural functionary in the GDR († 1975 )
- May 6 : Rudolph Valentino , Italian actor († 1926 )
- May 8 : Charles L. Bolte , American officer, General in the US Army († 1989 )
- May 8 : James Howard Kindelberger , American manager in the aircraft industry († 1962 )
- May 8 : Georg Muche , German painter and graphic artist († 1987 )
- May 11 : Robert Fuchs , German major general († 1977 )
- May 11 : Will-Erich Peuckert , German folklorist and writer († 1969 )
- May 12 : William Francis Giauque , American chemist († 1982 )
- May 12 : Jiddu Krishnamurti , Indian philosopher († 1986 )
- May 13 : Larissa Reissner , Soviet writer († 1926 )
- May 13 : Traugott Meyer , Swiss poet and writer († 1959 )
- May 13 : William B. Umstead , American politician († 1954 )
- May 14 : Otto Bräutigam , German lawyer and diplomat († 1992 )
- May 14 : Maurice Lehmann , French theater and film director, theater director, producer and actor († 1974 )
- May 15 : Prescott Bush , American politician († 1972 )
- May 16 : Emanuel Kaláb , Czech military bandmaster, conductor and composer († 1982 )
- May 17 : Jean Treunet , French racing car driver († unknown)
- May 17 : Georg Winter , German soccer player († unknown)
- May 17 : Georg Wulf , German aviation pioneer and aircraft manufacturer († 1927 )
- May 18 : Augusto César Sandino , guerrilla leader against the US occupation in Nicaragua († 1934 )
- May 19 : Emil Bock , German priest, anthroposophist and writer († 1959 )
- May 19 : Albert Hay Malotte , American musician, composer († 1964 )
- May 21 : Lázaro Cárdenas del Río , President of Mexico from 1934 to 1940 († 1970 )
- May 21 : Nikifor , Polish painter († 1968 )
- May 22 : Friedrich Ablass , German politician († 1949 )
- May 22 : Agop Dilâçar , Turkish professor and Turkologist († 1979 )
- May 23 : Caesar von Arx , Swiss playwright († 1949 )
- May 24th : Marcel Janco , Romanian artist and writer († 1984 )
- May 26 : Dorothea Lange , American documentary photographer († 1965 )
- May 26 : Tanikawa Tetsuzō , Japanese philosopher († 1989 )
- May 27 : Paul Bausch , German politician († 1981 )
- May 27 : Otto Katz , Czechoslovakian author and agent of the Soviet Union († 1952 )
- May 28 : Yvonne Hubert , Canadian pianist and music teacher († 1988 )
- May 28 : Samuel D. Jackson , American politician († 1951 )
- May 28 : Rudolph Minkowski , German-American astrophysicist († 1976 )
- May 28 : Bronisław Pieracki , Polish politician and officer († 1934 )
June
- June 1 : Tadeusz Komorowski , Commander-in-Chief of the Polish Home Army († 1966 )
- June 2 : Tibor Radó , Hungarian mathematician († 1965 )
- June 2 : William Guy Carr , Canadian officer and writer († 1959 )
- June 3 : Zoltan Korda , Hungarian-British director († 1961 )
- June 4 : Alfred Comte , Swiss aviation pioneer and aircraft manufacturer († 1965 )
- June 4 : George Stevenson Wallace , Australian comedian and actor († 1960 )
- June 4 : Fritz Weber , Austrian writer and narrator († 1972 )
- June 5 : George Grant Blaisdell , American inventor and engineer († 1978 )
- June 5 : William Boyd , American actor († 1972 )
- June 5 : Heinrich Kreipe , major general in World War II († 1976 )
- June 7 : Wilhelm Gülich , German politician († 1960 )
- June 8 : Ike Armstrong , American football coach († 1983 )
- June 8 : Séverin Moisse , Canadian pianist, composer and music teacher († around 1965)
- June 9 : Kurt Zeitzler , German military († 1963 )
- June 10 : Hattie McDaniel , American actress († 1952 )
- June 10 : William C. Feazel , American politician, senator and independent oil and gas producer († 1965 )
- June 10 : Immanuel Velikovsky , Russian-born doctor, psychoanalyst and author († 1979 )
- June 11 : Fritz Sternberg , German economist, Marxist theorist and socialist politician († 1963 )
- June 11 : Nikolai Alexandrovich Bulganin , Soviet statesman († 1975 )
- June 12 : Eugénie Brazier , French cook († 1977 )
- June 13 : Antonio Mesa , Dominican singer († 1949 )
- June 14 : Karl Heinz Abshagen , German lawyer, journalist, travel writer and biographer († 1976 )
- June 14 : Jack Adams , Canadian ice hockey player and coach († 1968 )
- June 15 : Paul Giesler , German politician, Bavarian Prime Minister († 1945 )
- June 16 : Alojzy Adamczyk , Polish resistance fighter († 1940 )
- June 17 : Slavko Osterc , Slovenian composer († 1941 )
- June 17th : Ruben Rausing , Swedish inventor and entrepreneur († 1983 )
- June 17 : Sam Wooding , American jazz pianist, arranger and bandleader († 1985 )
- June 19 : Otto Josef Schlein , German doctor († 1944 )
- June 19 : Ernst Schwarz , Sudeten German scholar and historian († 1983 )
- June 21 : Přemysl Pitter , Czech pedagogue and humanist († 1976 )
- June 21 : John W. Snyder , US Secretary of the Treasury († 1985 )
- June 23 : Felix Maria Ghebre Amlak , Ethiopian priest († 1934 )
- June 23 : Joseph Vogt , German ancient historian († 1986 )
- June 24 : Jack Dempsey , American boxer († 1983 )
- June 25 : Marguerite de Beaumont , Swiss sister of the reformed women's community Communauté de Grandchamp († 1986 )
- June 27 : Eux Stocke , German entrepreneur († 1992 )
- June 28 : Hans Sutor , German football player († 1976 )
- June 28 : Kazimierz Sikorski , Polish composer († 1986 )
- June 30th : Juan Armet de Castellví , Spanish football player and coach († 1956 )
- June 30th : Enrique Bertrix , Chilean painter († 1915 )
July
- July 1 : Otto von Auwers , German physicist († 1949 )
- July 2 : Hans Beimler , German politician, Member of the Bundestag and political commissioner († 1936 )
- July 5 : Gordon Jacob , English composer, conductor, arranger and music teacher († 1984 )
- July 5 : Marius Mestivier , French racing car driver († 1925 )
- July 7th : Otto Ziegler , German politician († 1956 )
- July 7 : William Borm , German politician and GDR agent († 1987 )
- July 8 : Adolf Franz Samwer , German politician († 1958 )
- July 8 : Heinrich Fischer , German politician († 1973 )
- July 8 : Hubert Materlik , German resistance fighter against National Socialism and KPD politician († 1944 )
- July 8 : Igor Evgenjewitsch Tamm , Russian physicist († 1971 )
- July 10 : Carl Orff , German composer († 1982 )
- July 10 : Nahum Goldmann , Russian-born Israeli politician, founder and president of the World Jewish Congress († 1982 )
- July 12 : Richard Buckminster Fuller , American architect, designer and writer († 1983 )
- July 12 : Kirsten Flagstad , Norwegian singer (soprano) († 1962 )
- July 12 : Oscar Hammerstein , American producer and musical writer († 1960 )
- July 13 : Bradley Kincaid , American folk and old-time musician († 1989 )
- July 14 : Hans Pössenbacher , German actor († 1979 )
- July 15 : Hans-Georg von Friedeburg , German admiral († 1945 )
- July 17 : Hermann Sasse , Lutheran theologian in Germany and Australia († 1976 )
- July 18 : Friedrich Amreich , German politician († 1945 )
- July 18 : George R. Kelly , American gangster († 1954 )
- July 20 : Anton Arland , German crop scientist († 1975 )
- July 20 : László Moholy-Nagy , Hungarian-American painter and photographer († 1946 )
- July 20 : W. Chapman Revercomb , American politician († 1979 )
- July 22nd : Hans Rosbaud , Austrian conductor († 1962 )
- July 22nd : Pavel Ossipowitsch Sukhoi , Russian aircraft designer († 1975 )
- July 23 : Aileen Pringle , American actress († 1989 )
- July 24 : Otto Engert , German communist politician († 1945 )
- July 24 : Robert Graves , British novelist and poet († 1985 )
- July 25 : Rudolph Eugen Arbesmann , American classical philologist († 1982 )
- July 25th : Anna Klöcker , German politician and member of the Bundestag († 1977 )
- July 26 : Jankel Adler , Polish painter and engraver († 1949 )
- July 27th : Walter Scheidt , German anthropologist, professor at the Anthropological Institute of the University of Hamburg († 1976 )
- July 27 : Paul Wanner , German writer († 1990 )
- July 30th : Alfred Adolph , German politician († 1959 )
- July 31 : Sophie Antoniadis , Greek Neo-Graecist († 1972 )
August
- August 1 : Walther Bringolf , Swiss politician († 1981 )
- August 6 : Ernesto Lecuona , Cuban composer and musician († 1963 )
- August 6 : Johann Frers , German chemist († 1952 )
- August 7th : Willy Andreessen , German National Socialist functionary
- August 9 : Franz Schafheitlin , German film actor († 1980 )
- August 9 : Hellmuth Heye , German admiral and politician († 1970 )
- August 12 : Walter "Kid" Smith , American old-time musician († 1977 )
- August 14 : Arnold Freiherr von Vietinghoff-Riesch , German forest scientist and nature conservationist († 1962 )
- August 15 : Karl Drewes , German general († 1958 )
- August 16 : Albert Cohen , Swiss writer († 1981 )
- August 16 : Jacinto Guerrero , Spanish composer († 1951 )
- August 16 : Liane Haid , Austrian actress and singer († 2000 )
- August 18 : Julijans Vaivods , Latvian Roman Catholic clergyman, Archbishop of Riga and Cardinal († 1990 )
- August 19 : Arnolt Bronnen , German-speaking writer († 1959 )
- August 20 : Eberhard Baier , German general († 1983 )
- August 20 : Käthe Leichter , Austrian trade unionist and author († 1942 )
- August 21 : Armand Gagnier , Canadian clarinetist and conductor († 1952 )
- August 21 : Alexander Pavlovich Vinogradov , Vice President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR († 1975 )
- August 22nd : Paul White , American composer, conductor, violinist and music teacher († 1973 )
- August 23 : Hans Apel , German economist († 1989 )
- August 24 : Tuanku Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Tuanku Muhammad , King of Malaysia († 1960 )
- August 24 : Fritz Büchner , German journalist († 1940 )
- August 24 : Richard James Cushing , Archbishop of Boston and Cardinal († 1970 )
- August 24 : Victor Halperin , American director († 1983 )
- August 26 : Earl Long , American politician († 1960 )
- August 27 : Heinrich Will , German painter († 1943 )
- August 29 : Carlo Bigatto , Italian football player and coach († 1942 )
- August 30 : Eduard Arnold , Swiss politician and federal judge († 1977 )
- August 31 : Karl Fiehler , politician of the NSDAP and Mayor of Munich († 1969 )
September
- September 1 : Edit Angold , German actress († 1971 )
- September 1 : Hertha Sponer , German physicist († 1968 )
- September 1 : Engelbert Zaschka , German chief engineer, inventor and helicopter pioneer († 1955 )
- September 1 : Hans Zöberlein , German National Socialist writer († 1964 )
- September 2 : Monique Saint-Hélier , Swiss writer († 1955 )
- September 2 : Emil Spiess , Swiss Roman Catholic clergyman and educator († 1985 )
- September 3 : Noah Lewis , American musician († 1961 )
- September 3 : Rudolf Lochner , German-Bohemian educationalist and agitator of the Sudeten German national movement († 1978 )
- September 4 : Nigel Bruce , British actor († 1953 )
- September 5 : Meta Seinemeyer , German singer († 1929 )
- September 6 : Walter Dornberger , German engineer, head of the German missile weapons program († 1980 )
- September 6 : Eugenio Retes , Chilean actor and author († 1985 )
- September 7th : Brian Horrocks , British Lieutenant General († 1985 )
- September 8 : Julius Lips , German ethnologist and legal sociologist († 1950 )
- September 10 : Leslie Irvin , American skydiving pioneer († 1966 )
- September 13 : Morris Kirksey , American athlete and Olympic champion († 1981 )
- September 14 : Eugène Daignault , Canadian actor and singer († 1960 )
- September 14 : Robert A. Lovett , American politician († 1986 )
- September 15 : Aurelio Giorni , Italian-American pianist and composer († 1938 )
- September 15 : Tamara Ramsay , Russian-German children's book author († 1985 )
- September 16 : Karol Rathaus , Polish composer († 1954 )
- September 18 : Grégoire-Pierre XV. Cardinal Agagianian , 15th Patriarch of Cilicia of the Armenian Catholic Church and Curia Cardinal of the Roman Church († 1971 )
- September 18 : John Diefenbaker , Canadian politician (Prime Minister) († 1979 )
- September 19 : Homer Ruh , American football player († 1971 )
- September 20 : Hans Rudolf Berndorff , German journalist and writer († 1963 )
- September 20 : Walter Dubislav , German scientific theorist († 1937 )
- September 21 : Juan de la Cierva , Spanish aviation pioneer († 1936 )
- September 22 : Fritzmartin Ascher , German teacher and politician († 1975 )
- September 22 : Karl Atzenroth , German politician and Member of the Bundestag († 1995 )
- September 22 : Paul Muni , American actor († 1967 )
- September 24th : André Frédéric Cournand , French-American medic († 1988 )
- September 25 : André Chéron , French chess endgame theorist († 1980 )
- September 25 : Friedrich Gustav Jaeger , German resistance fighter July 20, 1944 († 1944 )
- September 26 : Avni Rustemi , Albanian educator, assassin and politician († 1924 )
- September 26 : Jürgen Stroop , SS group leader, leader of the mass murder in the Warsaw Ghetto († 1952 )
- September 26 : Oskar Dirlewanger , German officer in the army and Waffen SS († 1945 )
- September 27 : Leslie Cornelius Arends , American politician († 1985 )
- September 27 : Woolf Barnato , British financier, car racing driver and cricketer († 1948 )
- September 28 : Prentice Cooper , American politician († 1969 )
- September 29 : Clarence Ashley , American old-time and folk singer († 1967 )
- September 29 : Joseph Banks Rhine , American psychologist († 1980 )
- September 30 : Alexander Michailowitsch Wassilewski , Russian military leader and two-time hero of the Soviet Union († 1977 )
- September 30th : Lewis Milestone , American film director, screenwriter and film producer († 1980 )
October
- October 1 : Hans Schweikart , German director and actor († 1975 )
- October 1 : Walther Steller , German university professor, Germanist and folklorist († 1971 )
- October 2 : Bud Abbott , American actor, producer and comedian († 1974 )
- October 3 : Julius Arigi , Austro-Hungarian fighter pilot († 1981 )
- October 3 : George Andrew Lundberg , American sociologist († 1966 )
- October 3 : Giovanni Comisso , Italian writer († 1969 )
- October 3 : Sergei Alexandrovich Jessenin , Russian poet († 1925 )
- October 3 : Theodor Geyr , German church painter († 1953 )
- October 3 : Josef Thomas , German politician, judge and resistance fighter († 1975 )
- October 4 : Buster Keaton , American actor and director († 1966 )
- October 4 : Max Hahn , German lawyer († 1939 )
- October 4 : Richard Sorge , German journalist and spy for the Soviet Union in Japan († 1944 )
- October 4 : Petán Trujillo , Venezuelan General and Broadcasting Director († 1969 )
- October 5 : Edmond Bourlier , French racing car driver († 1935 )
- October 7 : Hans Bruns , German author of a German translation of the Bible († 1971 )
- October 8 : Ahmet Zogu , King of the Albanians († 1961 )
- October 8 : Juan Perón , Argentine soldier, politician and two-time president († 1974 )
- October 8 : Lautaro García , Chilean painter, singer and playwright († 1982 )
- October 9 : Carl McKinley , American composer († 1966 )
- October 10 : Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen , German Field Marshal General in the Third Reich († 1945 )
- October 11 : Jakov Gotovac , Croatian composer and conductor († 1982 )
- October 12 : Henrik Herse , German dramaturge and writer, member of the Waffen SS († 1953 )
- October 13 : Kurt Schumacher , German politician († 1952 )
- October 13 : Robert Wagner , Reich Governor and Gauleiter of Baden († 1946 )
- October 14 : Ferdinand Barlog , German caricaturist and comic artist († 1955 )
- October 15 : Alfred Neumann , German writer († 1952 )
- October 16 : Francis Edward Faragoh , American screenwriter († 1966 )
- October 18 : Hans Adolf von Arenstorff , German major general and manor owner († 1952 )
- October 19 : Alexander Lasarewitsch Abramow-Mirow , Soviet Comintern and secret service functionary († 1937 )
- October 19 : Lewis Mumford , American architecture critic and scientist († 1990 )
- October 20 : Ella Bergmann-Michel , German painter, photographer and documentary filmmaker († 1971 )
- October 20 : Morrie Ryskind , American author († 1985 )
- October 21 : Shukichi Mitsukuri , Japanese composer († 1971 )
- October 22 : Hans Kienle , German astronomer and astrophysicist († 1975 )
- October 22 : Rolf Nevanlinna , Finnish mathematician († 1980 )
- October 22 : John Beckman , American basketball player († 1968 )
- October 23 : Mildgitha Bachleitner , German nun († 1985 )
- October 23 : Clinton Presba Anderson , American politician († 1975 )
- October 24 : Josef Pelz von Felinau , Austrian writer and actor († 1978 )
- October 25 : Levi Eschkol , Prime Minister of Israel († 1969 )
- October 26 : Josef-Ernst Fürst Fugger von Glött , German politician († 1981 )
- October 26 : Robert Kautsky , Austrian theater painter, stage and costume designer († 1963 )
- October 30 : Wilhelm Andreae , German entrepreneur († 1970 )
- October 30 : Andrej Andrejewitsch Andrejew , Soviet politician († 1971 )
- October 30 : Dickinson Woodruff Richards , American internist († 1973 )
- October 30 : Gerhard Domagk , German pathologist and bacteriologist († 1964 )
- October 31 : Basil Liddell Hart , British military historian, correspondent and strategist († 1970 )
November
- November 4 : Heinrich Scheppmann , German politician († 1968 )
- November 5 : Walter Gieseking , German pianist and composer († 1956 )
- November 6 : Nicholson Barney Adams , American Romanist and Hispanic († 1970 )
- November 8 : Hans Bogner , German classical philologist († 1948 )
- November 9 : George D. Hay , American radio host († 1968 )
- November 11 : Charles E. Daniel , American politician († 1964 )
- November 12th : Manuel Alonso , Spanish tennis player († 1984 )
- November 12 : Luis Emilio Mena , Dominican composer and musician († 1964 )
- November 13 : Gerhard Sevenster , Dutch Reformed theologian and church historian († 1985 )
- November 14th : Georg Aumeier , German National Socialist († unknown)
- November 14th : Margot von Heyden-Linden , German painter († 1975 )
- November 14 : Frank J. Lausche , American politician († 1990 )
- November 15 : Olga Romanowa , daughter of Tsar Nicholas II († 1918 )
- November 15 : Josef Schlick , German politician († 1977 )
- November 16 : Paul Hindemith , German composer and musician († 1963 )
- November 17 : Mikhail Bakhtin , Russian philosopher and art theorist († 1975 )
- November 17 : Hermann Gretsch , German designer († 1950 )
- November 18 : Lindley Evans , Australian pianist, music teacher and composer († 1982 )
- November 21 : Josef Mattauch , German physicist († 1976 )
- November 23 : Rudolf Katz , German politician († 1961 )
- November 24th : André d'Erlanger , French racing car driver († 1937 )
- November 24 : Heinrich Eberbach , German general of the tank troops in World War II († 1992 )
- November 25 : Wilhelm Kempff , German pianist and composer († 1991 )
- November 25 : Anastas Mikojan , politician in the Soviet Union († 1978 )
- November 25th : Ludvík Svoboda , Czechoslovak General and President († 1979 )
- November 26 : William Griffith Wilson , American co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous († 1971 )
- November 27 : Nico Dostal , Austrian operetta and film music composer († 1981 )
- November 28 : Roger Camuzet , French entrepreneur, politician and racing car driver († 1983 )
- November 28 : José Iturbi , Spanish conductor, composer, pianist and actor († 1980 )
- November 29 : Yakima Canutt , American actor († 1986 )
- November 29 : William S. Tubman , President of Liberia († 1971 )
- November 30th : Johann Nepomuk David , Austrian composer († 1977 )
December
- December 1 : Heinrich Krone , German politician († 1989 )
- December 1 : Henry Williamson , British writer († 1977 )
- December 2 : Georges Dandelot , French composer († 1975 )
- December 3 : Anna Freud , Austrian-English psychoanalyst († 1982 )
- December 3 : Teller Ammons , American politician († 1972 )
- December 4th : Jorge Délano Frederick , Chilean painter, caricaturist, director and screenwriter († 1980 )
- December 5 : Martynas Anysas , Lithuanian lawyer, historian and diplomat († 1974 )
- December 5 : Eurith Rivers , American politician († 1967 )
- December 5 : Georg Scheller , German economist († 1955 )
- December 6th : Henriëtte Bosmans , Dutch composer († 1952 )
- December 7th : Karl Flink , German national soccer player († 1958 )
- December 9 : Dolores Ibárruri , Spanish revolutionary and politician in the labor movement († 1989 )
- December 9 : Friedrich Bauereisen , German politician and Member of the Bundestag († 1965 )
- December 11th : Ruth Fischer , German politician and publicist († 1961 )
- December 14th : George VI. , King of Great Britain and Northern Ireland († 1952 )
- December 14 : Paul Éluard , French poet († 1952 )
- December 15 : Ottomar Carl Joseph Anton , German painter, graphic artist and university lecturer († 1976 )
- December 15 : William Katz , German teacher and theologian of the Jewish faith († 1988 )
- December 16 : Andy Razaf , American songwriter († 1973 )
- December 16 : Martin Luther , German Undersecretary in the Foreign Office († 1945 )
- December 17 : Gerald Patterson , Australian tennis player († 1967 )
- December 17 : Wells Coates , Canadian architect and designer († 1958 )
- December 18 : Walter Hieber , German chemist († 1976 )
- December 19 : Cardinal Miguel Darío Miranda y Gómez , Archbishop of Mexico City († 1986 )
- December 20 : Susanne K. Langer , American philosopher († 1985 )
- December 21 : Hermann Stopperich , German politician († 1952 )
- December 23 : Adriaan Koonings , Dutch football player († 1963 )
- December 24th : Josef Uridil , Austrian football player († 1962 )
- December 25 : Stefan Rowecki , Polish military and commander in chief of the Home Army († 1944 )
- December 27 : Siegfried Arno , German actor, comedian, singer and dancer († 1975 )
- December 29 : Werner Scholem , German MdR and party leader of the KPD in the Reichstag († 1940 )
- December: José Rodríguez Carballeira , Spanish pianist († 1954 )
Exact date of birth unknown
- Francisco Javier Aguilar González , Mexican Ambassador († 1972 )
- Hassan Arfa , Persian general and diplomat († 1983 )
- Julian Arendt , German writer († 1938 )
- Victor Crumière , French painter († 1950 )
- William Lawrence , American pianist, singer and music teacher († 1981 )
- Franz Rosenberger , Romanian-German composer and military musician († 1967 )
Died
January to March
- January 4th : Manuel Pavía , Spanish general whose coup ended the First Spanish Republic (* 1827 )
- January 7th : João Crisóstomo de Abreu e Sousa , Prime Minister of Portugal (* 1811 )
- January 9 : Aaron Lufkin Dennison , American entrepreneur (* 1812 )
- January 10 : Wilhelm Ferdinand Arndt , German historian and paleographer (* 1838 )
- January 10 : Benjamin Godard , French composer (* 1849 )
- January 15 : Taruhito Arisugawa , Japanese prince (* 1835 )
- January 15 : Stephen F. Chadwick , American politician (* 1825 )
- January 19 : Moriz Carrière , German writer and philosopher (* 1817 )
- January 22nd : Edward Solomon , English composer and conductor (* 1855 )
- January 26 : Arthur Cayley , English mathematician (* 1821 )
- January 28th : François Certain de Canrobert , French general, Marshal of France (* 1809 )
- January 30th : Hermann Gruson , German inventor, scientist and entrepreneur (* 1821 )
- January 31 : Ebenezer R. Hoar , American politician (* 1816 )
- February 3 : Rufus Barringer , lawyer, politician and Brigadier General of the Confederates in the American Civil War (* 1821 )
- February 4 : Hugo Barthelme , German painter (* 1822 )
- February 4 : Faustina Hasse Hodges , American composer and organist (* 1823 )
- February 11 : Montgomery Dent Corse , American military, Confederate general (* 1816 )
- February 14 : Isaac P. Gray , American politician (* 1828 )
- February 16 : Anton Abt , German theologian and narrator (* 1841 )
- February 18 : Carl Johann Theodor Abs , German wrestler (* 1851 )
- February 18 : Albrecht of Austria-Teschen , Archduke of Austria and general (* 1817 )
- February 20 : Frederick Douglass , American author and abolitionist (* 1817 / 18 )
- February 25 : Ignaz Lachner , German composer and conductor (* 1807 )
- March 2 : Berthe Morisot , French impressionist painter (* 1841 )
- March 3 : Heinrich Gradl , Sudeten German historian (* 1842 )
- March 4 : Knud Knudsen , Norwegian linguist and language reformer (* 1812 )
- March 5 : Henry Creswicke Rawlinson , British Assyriologist and diplomat (* 1810 )
- March 5 : Nikolai Semjonowitsch Leskow , Russian writer (* 1831 )
- March 6 : Camilla Collett , Norwegian writer (* 1813 )
- March 7th : Aloys Kunc , French composer and organist (* 1832 )
- March 9 : Leopold von Sacher-Masoch , Austrian writer (* 1836 )
- March 10 : Charles Frederick Worth , British fashion designer, founder of haute couture (* 1825 )
- March 13 : Louise Otto-Peters , German women's rights activist (* 1819 )
- March 14 : John L. O'Sullivan , American journalist (* 1813 )
- March 17th : Wilhelm Pailler , Austrian theologian and folklorist (* 1838 )
- March 20 : Ludwig Schläfli , Swiss mathematician (* 1814 )
- March 25 : Alfons Szczerbiński , Polish composer and music teacher (* 1858 )
April to June
- April 5 : Ludwig Rotter , Austrian organist and composer (* 1810 )
- April 8 : Joshua H. Marvil , American politician (* 1825 )
- April 11 : Lothar Meyer , German doctor and chemist (* 1830 )
- April 11 : Heinrich Friedrich Wilhelm Perizonius , German theologian (* 1802 )
- April 14 : James Dwight Dana , American geologist, mineralogist and zoologist (* 1813 )
- April 15 : Emilio Wilhelm Ramsøe , Danish composer and conductor (* 1837 )
- April 18 : Robert C. Wickliffe , American politician (* 1819 )
- April 20 : Gustav Hirschfeld , German archaeologist (* 1847 )
- April 22nd : James F. Wilson , American politician (* 1828 )
- April 23 : Carl Ludwig , British physiologist (* 1816 )
- April 25 : Heinrich von Littrow , Austrian cartographer and writer (* 1820 )
- April 27 : Josef Porkert , Czech manufacturer of piano frames (* 1828 )
- April 30 : Gustav Freytag , German writer (* 1816 )
- May 2 : Charles Nicolas Abel , French-German lawyer, vineyard owner and member of the German Reichstag (* 1824 )
- May 7 : Alexander von Pape , royal Prussian colonel general (* 1813 )
- May 7 : Robert Stockton Green , American politician (* 1831 )
- May 8 : James A. Weston , American politician (* 1827 )
- May 17 : Peter Burnett , American politician (* 1807 )
- May 18 : Jacob Cramer , Dutch Reformed theologian and church historian (* 1833 )
- May 19 : José Martí , Cuban national poet (* 1853 )
- May 21 : Franz von Suppè , Austrian composer and author (* 1819 )
- May 22nd : Isaac Peral , Spanish engineer and submarine pioneer (* 1851 )
- May 23 : Franz Ernst Neumann , German physicist (* 1798 )
- May 24 : Hugh McCulloch , American politician (* 1808 )
- May 26 : Ahmed Cevdet Pasha , Ottoman statesman, historian and legal scholar (* 1822 )
- May 28 : Josef Ignaz Amiet , Swiss historian, state clerk and state archivist (* 1827 )
- May 28 : Walter Q. Gresham , American politician (* 1832 )
- May 30 : John Forrester Andrew , American politician (* 1850 )
- June 4th : Abu Bakar of Johor , Sultan of Johor (* 1833 )
- June 15 : Richard Genée , Austrian librettist, playwright and composer (* 1823 )
- June 17th : Arnold Hug , Swiss classical philologist (* 1832 )
- June 19 : Heinrich Ludwig Banck , German banker and businessman (* 1826 )
- June 29 : Thomas Henry Huxley , British biologist, educational organizer (* 1825 )
July to September
- July 8 : Alessandro Busi , Italian composer and music teacher (* 1833 )
- July 8 : Johann Josef Loschmidt , Austrian physicist and chemist (* 1821 )
- July 14 : Karl Heinrich Ulrichs , German pioneer of the homosexual movement (* 1825 )
- July 16 : August Reichensperger , German politician (* 1808 )
- July 18 : Karl Schenk , Swiss politician (* 1823 )
- July 18 : Stefan Stambolow , Bulgarian politician (* 1854 )
- July 22nd : Rudolf von Gneist , Prussian lawyer and politician (* 1816 )
- July 24th : Joseph-Henri Altès , French flautist and composer (* 1826 )
- August 1 : Heinrich von Sybel , German historian (* 1817 )
- August 5 : Friedrich Engels , German philosopher, politician and military historian (* 1820 )
- August 6 : George Frederick Root , American composer and music teacher (* 1820 )
- August 13 : Ludwig Abel , German violinist and composer (* 1835 )
- August 13 : Christian Bernhard Tauchnitz , German publisher and pioneer of paperbacks (* 1816 )
- August 14 : Joseph Caspar Jeuch , Swiss architect (* 1811 )
- August 16 : Mathieu Auguste Geffroy , French historian (* 1820 )
- August 16 : Samuel B. Maxey , American politician and army officer (* 1825 )
- August 25 : Karl Ernst Georges , German classical philologist, teacher and lexicographer (* 1806 )
- August 26 : Friedrich Miescher , Swiss physician and professor of physiology (* 1844 )
- September 2 : Charles Anderson , American politician (* 1814 )
- September 2 : John F. Lewis , American politician (* 1818 )
- September 4th : Émile Bouichère , French organist (* 1861 )
- September 4 : August-Valentin Kautz , German-American soldier and cavalry officer (* 1828 )
- September 8th : Friedrich Gottlob Keller , German inventor (* 1816 )
- September 8th : Adam Opel , German entrepreneur, founder of the Opel company (* 1837 )
- September 16 : Ernst Wülcker , German Germanist, historian and archivist (* 1843 )
- September 16 : Josua Zweifel , Swiss merchant and discoverer of the Niger springs (* 1854 )
- September 19 : Josip Lendovšek , Slovenian philologist and teacher (* 1854 )
- September 22nd : Martin Hertz , German classical philologist (* 1818 )
- September 24th : Heinrich Adolf von Bardeleben , German medic (* 1819 )
- September 24th : Hermann Hellriegel , German agricultural chemist (* 1831 )
- September 26 : Georg Oechsner , German politician (* 1822 )
- September 28th : Louis Pasteur , French microbiologist (* 1822 )
- September 30th : Heinrich Joseph Adami , Austrian writer and newspaper journalist (* 1807 )
October to December
- October 2 : Robert Crozier , American politician (* 1827 )
- October 2 : Eugen Langen , German engineer and inventor (* 1833 )
- October 3 : Samuel David , French composer (* 1836 )
- October 3 : Otto Ehrenfried Ehlers , German explorer and writer (* 1855 )
- October 22 : Oliver Ames , American politician (* 1831 )
- October 25 : Charles Hallé , German pianist and conductor (* 1819 )
- October 25 : Henri Ernest Moltzer , Dutch Dutch scholar and literary scholar (* 1836 )
- October 27 : Adele Spitzeder , German investment fraudster (* 1832 )
- November 1 : Wilhelm Benque , German landscape gardener and garden architect (* 1814 )
- November 1 : Ferdinand Janner , German Roman Catholic theologian and educator (* 1836 )
- November 2 : Carl Frederic Aagaard , Danish painter (* 1833 )
- November 2 : Georges-Charles de Heeckeren d'Anthès , French officer and politician (* 1812 )
- November 8 : Johannes Overbeck , German archaeologist (* 1826 )
- November 11 : Gustav Langenscheidt , German language teacher and bookseller (* 1832 )
- November 12th : Pierre-Edmond Hocmelle , French organist and composer (* 1824 )
- November 24th : Carl Hugo Hahn , German Protestant missionary (* 1818 )
- November 25th : Ludwig Rütimeyer , Swiss zoologist, anatomist and paleontologist (* 1825 )
- November 26 : Lucy Escott , American singer (* 1828 )
- November 27 : Alexandre Dumas , French writer (* 1824 )
- November 29th : Eduard Taaffe , Austrian regional chief in Salzburg, Upper Austria and Tyrol (* 1833 )
- December 10 : Josef Marastani , Austrian painter, etcher and lithographer (* 1834 )
- December 12th : Allen G. Thurman , American politician (* 1813 )
- December 13 : Ányos Jedlik , Slovak-Hungarian inventor (* 1800 )
- December 14 : Paulus Melchers , German Catholic theologian (* 1813 )
- December 16 : Johann Gottlieb Christaller , missionary and linguist (* 1827 )
- December 20 : Leopold Jacoby , German socialist poet (* 1840 )
- December 23 : John Russell Hind , British astronomer (* 1823 )
- December 24th : Kuno Thassilo von Auer , Prussian major general (* 1818 )
Exact date of death unknown
- Eugénie de Santa-Coloma , French composer and singer (* 1827 )
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