Marianne Golz

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Marianne Golz

Marianne Golz , also Marianne Golz-Goldlust , pseudonym Marianne Tolska , née Maria Agnes Belokosztolszky (born January 30, 1895 in Vienna - Hernals ; † October 8, 1943 in Prague ) was an Austrian operetta singer ( soprano ) and was part of the resistance against National Socialism .

Life

Marianne Golz came from a Catholic family, her father was Polish, her mother was Czech. After graduating from high school in Vienna , she trained as a dancer and singer and took the stage name Marianne Tolska . As a member of the Vienna Raimund Theater ensemble , she appeared in a guest performance in Linz in July 1921 . On July 12, 1922, she appeared in Stuttgart as the dancer Cagliari in the operetta Wiener Blut .

In the period from October 1922 and September 1924 Marianne Golz was engaged as an ensemble member at the Salzburg City Theater, where she a. a. stood on stage in the title role of the operetta Madame Pompadour and met the Austrian operetta composer Nico Dostal . She was Richard Tauber's partner in a performance of the Johann Strauss operetta Die Fledermaus on July 30, 1923 in the Salzburg City Theater .

On July 16, 1923, Marianne Golz married the Viennese music publisher Ernst Wengraf and moved with him to Berlin in 1924 , where he ran a branch of his publishing house. On March 21, 1929, in the meantime divorced by mutual agreement from Ernst Wengraf, she married Hans Werner Goldlust at the Berlin-Wilmersdorf registry office , who initially headed the advertising and sales department of the Literary World published by Rowohlt-Verlag and from 1927 the magazine together with the likewise Jewish Journalist Willy Haas took over. As an assimilated Jew, Goldlust had adopted the name Golz in the early 1920s , but was not officially registered as such, which is why the name Golz-Goldlust came about.

After handing over power to Adolf Hitler in January 1933, Hans Golz and Willy Haas were aware of the danger that threatened them as Jews from the National Socialist regime , sold the magazine in March 1933 and emigrated to Prague with their wives in 1934. Here they tried to publish a new magazine, Die Welt im Wort , at Orbis Verlag , but this failed. Golz eventually took over the representation of the French agency Mitropress and also worked for the Neue Wiener Journal . Hans Golz's parents and sister also emigrated from Berlin to Prague in 1936.

On March 15, 1939, Czechoslovakia was broken up by the National Socialists . Hans Golz immediately fled from Prague via Poland to England , where he arrived in the summer of 1939.

Marianne Golz stayed behind in Prague to help her in-laws and sister-in-law and to dissolve the marital apartment. However, it did not succeed in leaving the former Czechoslovak Republic , which had since been dissolved and declared a Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia , before the outbreak of war in early September 1939. Since July 1939 she had already had the necessary exit documents to follow her husband to England.

Marianne Golz in prison

Since 1939 Marianne Golz belonged to a Czechoslovak resistance group that helped Jews to flee Prague by obtaining forged IDs and travel documents. In addition, she transferred the fugitive's cash to her sister Rosi in Vienna and, through secret contacts with her husband, ensured that information from occupied Prague was passed on to the Czech government-in-exile in London. At one of the two-week social meetings held in Marianne Golz's apartment on Thursdays on November 19, 1942, all those present were arrested by the Gestapo .

On May 18, 1943, the trial of Marianne Golz and 17 other defendants took place before the special court at the German Regional Court in Prague . Marianne Golz and nine other defendants were sentenced to death on the same day as saboteurs for favoring enemies of the Reich .

Part of those sentenced to death, in June 1943, a petition for clemency , Marianne Golz on July 19, 1943. All applications were of Attorney Franz Ludwig the German Regional Court in Prague in a grace report edited. Franz Ludwig's report of grace ended with the following sentences:
“The condemned man endeavored to evade Jewish legislation. He acted with full knowledge of the gravity of his crime. I suggest not exercising grace and allowing justice to run wild. "The verdict against Marianne Golz-Goldlust on October 8, 1943 at 16:44 by the executioner Alois Weiss by guillotine in the Prague Gestapo - prison Pankrác enforced.

On June 9, 1988, Marianne Golz-Goldlust was posthumously awarded the Righteous Among the Nations medal by the directorate of the Yad Vashem memorial in Jerusalem , and on November 28, 1988, Seedling No. 806 was planted in her honor in the olive grove of the memorial.

Prosecutors and judges of the Prague Special Court after the war

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

These lawyers were involved in the verdict against Marianne Golz:

literature

  • Ronnie Golz: I was happy until the last hour. Marianne Golz-Goldlust 1895–1943 . Berliner Taschenbuch-Verlag, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-8333-0125-2 ( BvT 125 life stories ).
  • Marianne Golz-Goldlust: The big day. The letters and receipts of the “enemy of the people” Marianne Golz-Goldlust, written in 1943 in a Prague prison . Published by Vera Gerasow. Walter, Stuttgart 1988, ISBN 3-925440-11-9 .
  • Andreas Meckel, “To let justice run free”: The judicial murders of Oskar Löwenstein and Marianne Golz by the Prague Special Court in 1943 . Edited by Erhard Roy Wiehn, Hartung-Gorre, Konstanz 2009, ISBN 978-3-86628-240-7 .
  • Kay Less : Between the stage and the barracks. Lexicon of persecuted theater, film and music artists from 1933 to 1945 . With a foreword by Paul Spiegel . Metropol, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-938690-10-9 , p. 345.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Andreas Meckel: “To let justice run free”: The judicial murders of Oskar Löwenstein and Marianne Golz by the Prague Special Court in 1943 . Edited by Erhard Roy Wiehn, Hartung-Gorre, Konstanz 2009, ISBN 978-3-86628-240-7 , p. 53.
personal data
SURNAME Golz, Marianne
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Golz-Goldlust, Marianne (full name); Tolska, Marianne (pseudonym); Belokosztolszky, Maria Agnes (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian operetta singer (soprano) and was part of the resistance against National Socialism
DATE OF BIRTH January 30, 1895
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna - Hernals
DATE OF DEATH October 8, 1943
Place of death Prague