Leopold von Sacher-Masoch

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Leopold von Sacher-Masoch
Fanny Pistor (in fur and with a whip) and Sacher-Masoch
Leopold von Sacher-Masoch and Hulda Meister

Leopold Ritter von Sacher-Masoch (born January 27, 1836 in Lemberg , Austrian Empire , † March 9, 1895 in Lindheim , Hesse ) was an Austrian writer . He also wrote under the pseudonyms Charlotte Arand and Zoë von Rodenbach .

life and work

Sacher-Masoch's family lived in Lviv and had ancestors from Slovenia , Spain and Bohemia . His father Leopold Johann Nepomuk Ritter von Sacher was the police director of Lemberg (now Ukraine). His mother, Caroline Edle von Masoch, was the last of her old Slavonic family. His father therefore - with the permission of the Emperor of Austria - combined their names with his, and the family was henceforth called Sacher-Masoch .

Leopold Sacher-Masoch (until 1838: Sacher Ritter von Kronenthal) attended the German grammar school in Lemberg from 1844 , and that in Prague from 1848 . After graduating from high school , he studied law, mathematics and history in Graz from 1854 , where he received his doctorate in 1856 and came into contact with the writers Emerich von Stadion and Emile Mario Vacano . Working at the Austrian State Archives in Vienna, he completed his habilitation in the subject of modern history with the work Der Aufstand in Gent under Emperor Carl V, published in 1857. During his time as a lecturer in history at the University of Graz , he published, among other things, the popular science study Hungary's Fall and Maria von Oesterreich and founded the Academic Corps Teutonia in Graz on October 28, 1863 with six other people . However, he soon withdrew from the university and gave up his lectureship in 1870 to devote himself entirely to writing novels and short stories .

He was a widely read, popular writer in his day. His numerous novels and his equally numerous, mostly folkloric short stories - in the emphatic successor of Ivan Sergejewitsch Turgenev - were popular in some cases as exotic, always exciting, and even as moral readings. He was one of the first to paint a realistic picture of the Jews in Galicia ; Throughout his life he fought politically against anti-Semitism in Central Europe. Victor Hugo , Émile Zola , Henrik Ibsen were among his admirers; King Ludwig II of Bavaria even felt a kinship with the author.

Sacher-Masoch's view of the world combined in a peculiar way elements of the ministry, Schopenhauer's metaphysics and, in advance, such Strindbergian gender psychology .

Masoch became known for his fantasy and art of aesthetically formulating instinctual pain and desire for submission. His literary fame began in German-speaking countries with the novella Don Juan of Kolomea , which appeared in Westermann's monthly magazine in 1866 . Here Sacher-Masoch designs a new version of the Don Juan motif: the protagonist here is not driven by romantic longing or an insatiable greed for prey, but a Don Juan out of resentment, who finds love for women very painful and, through immorality, his self-respect hopes to regain. The relationship between man and woman is generally described as ultimately unhappy. A way of being that is satisfactory for both parties seems impossible and the Christian sacrament of marriage is therefore questionable.

Another, frequently quoted work is Venus in Pelz , published in 1870 as part of the cycle Das Vermächtnis Kain , in which Sacher-Masoch et al. a. represented exemplary forms of love. The model for the central female character of the novel was the writer Fanny Pistor , an aspiring writer.

In 1873 he married Angelika Aurora Rümelin, who published narrative prose under the pseudonym Wanda von Dunajew and autobiographical writings as Wanda von Sacher-Masoch . In 1881 Sacher-Masoch founded the cosmopolitan international revue “Auf der Höhe” in Leipzig . In 1883 he was held liable for the debts of the co-editor (and his wife's lover) - and was economically ruined. After separating from his wife and closing the periodical, in 1886 he moved to an estate in Lindheim , Hesse, which his colleague and later wife, the translator Hulda Meister, had acquired.

Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, bronze statue in Lemberg

In 1886, at the height of his fame, Sacher-Masoch was honored with an order in Paris and celebrated by Le Figaro and the Revue des Deux Mondes .

In 1893 he founded the Upper Hessian Educational Association in Lindheim , which was supposed to counteract anti-Semitism through the establishment of libraries, lectures, theater and music performances.

Sacher-Masoch lived a. a. in Prague , Graz , Salzburg , Bruck an der Mur and Vienna .

His great-nephew Alexander Sacher-Masoch was also a writer.

Sacher-Masoch was cremated; the urn with his ashes was lost in the rubble of Lindheim Castle in 1928 .

Reception and aftermath

The later introduced psychiatric term " masochism ", with which a sexual preference disorder was designated, is an allusion to his name Masoch and the eroticism he portrayed. The beginning of the renaissance, for example, illustrates the appreciation of Sacher-Masoch as part of the cultural event Graz- Kulturhauptstadt 2003 , in the field of literary history by Martin A. Hainz , who outlined a theory of eroticism with Sacher-Masoch: “Love is play, is non-ideality; Love as a non-game would be dead. The life of love consists in the fact that the partial drives, energies and strategies cannot be used to deduce what they will have agreed to. ”(Hainz: Cave Carnem ). On the occasion of the cultural event, the Sacher-Masoch-Torte was created, which is a variation of the Sachertorte . It contains currant jam and marzipan .

Works (selection)

  • 1857 The uprising in Ghent under Emperor Carl V ( full text online )
  • 1858 Count Donski. A Galician story. 1846 ( full text online , 2nd edition, 1864)
  • 1862 The Fall of Hungary and Mary of Austria ( full text online )
  • 1863 The emissary. A Galician story
  • 1863 Polish revolutions. Memories from Galicia
  • 1864 The verses of Frederick the Great ( full text online )
  • 1866 Don Juan of Kolomea
  • 1867 From the diary of a man of the world. Causeries from society and the stage world ( full text online )
  • 1867 Anna Versing-Hauptmann. A character from the stage world ( full text online )
  • 1867 The last king of the Magyars
  • 1870–1877 The Legacy of Cain
  • 1870 Venus in fur . Digitized from the Internet Archive
  • 1870 Plato's love
  • 1870 The divorced woman
  • 1872 Our slaves. A social drama in 5 acts ( full text online )
  • 1873–1879 False ermine. Little stories from the world of the stage
  • 1873 Social silhouettes. From the memoirs of an Austrian police officer ( full text online )
  • 1874 The Marchande de modes girl and other stories from the messalines of Vienna
  • 1874 The ideals of our time. Novel in four books. Novel of the "New Foreign Leaf" ( full text online )
  • 1874 Im Venusberg and other stories from the messalines of Vienna
  • 1874 moonlit night. Novella. In: Michael Farin (ed.): Don Juan of Kolomea. Galician stories. 1985
  • 1875 The dead are insatiable , Lemberg, Galicia; NA: Illustrated by Heike Küster, Achilla-Presse, Butjadingen 2008, ISBN 978-3-940350-06-0 .
  • 1875 The Capitulant. Novella. In: Michael Farin (ed.): Don Juan of Kolomea. Galician stories. 1985
  • 1875 Don Juan of Kolomea. Novella. In: Michael Farin (ed.): Don Juan of Kolomea. Galician stories. 1985
  • 1877 love stories from different centuries. Novellas ( full text online )
  • 1877 On the Value of Criticism ( full text online )
  • 1877 The legacy of Cain. Novellas
  • 1877 Viennese court stories. Historical novellas ( full text online )
  • 1877 a female sultan. Historical novel
  • 1877–1881 Galician stories ( digitized 3rd edition , PDF)
  • 1878 The new Job. Novel ( full text online )
  • 1878 Harmless stories from the stage world ( full text online )
  • 1878 Jewish stories ( full text online ). - In this:
Moses Goldfarb and his house ( full text online )
  • 1878 The republic of misogynists. Novel ( full text online )
  • 1879 An autobiography. In: German monthly sheets. ( Full text online )
  • 1880 The aesthetics of the ugly. Narration ( full text online )
  • 1880 Basyl the Treasury and Other Strange Stories ( full text online )
  • 1881 Galician stories. Novellas ( full text online )
  • 1881 New Jewish Stories
  • 1882 Hasara Raba. Novella ( full text online )
  • 1882 Der Ilau ( full text online )
  • 1882 The Judenraphael ( full text online )
  • 1882 Paradise on the Dniester. Novella ( full text online )
  • 1882 The will. Novella
  • 1882 People's Court. Novella ( full text online )
  • 1883 -, Auguste Lavallé (transl.) Juifs et russes
  • 1886 The soul catcher
  • 1886 Eternal youth
  • 1886 Good people and their stories. A book of novels ( full text online )
  • 1886 Polish Jewish Stories
  • 1890 The snake in paradise
  • 1891 Catherine II. Russian court stories ( full text online )
  • 1891 Jewish life in words and pictures
  • 1893 stage magic
  • 1893 New stories
  • 1894 The satiated and the hungry
  • 1895 The harvest festival. Narrative. In: Alois Brandstetter (ed.): Austrian stories of the 19th century. 1986
  • 1898 Russian court stories. Love stories and novellas (6th edition). ( Full text online )
  • 1900 For the glory of God! Novel ( full text online )
  • 1901 Cruel Women. Left stories
  • 1910 Don Juan of Kolomea . In: German Novellenschatz . Edited by Paul Heyse and Hermann Kurz. Vol. 24, 2nd ed. Berlin, [1910], pp. 197-279. In: Weitin, Thomas (Ed.): Fully digitized corpus. The German Novellenschatz . Darmstadt / Konstanz, 2016 ( digitized and full text in the German text archive )
  • 1985 Matrena. Narrative. In: Herbert Greiner-Mai (Ed.): The marriage of Mr. Stäudl. Austrian crime stories
  • 1985 The Wanderer. Novella. In: Michael Farin (ed.): Don Juan of Kolomea. Galician stories. 1985
  • 2002 Karin Bang (Ed.): Der Köhler-Michel. A Christmas Story. CØNK, Roskilde, DNB 994067399 (text in German and Danish); ( Full text online (PDF) ).

See also

literature

  • K. Adel:  Sacher-Masoch Leopold von. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 9, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1988, ISBN 3-7001-1483-4 , pp. 367-369 (direct links to p. 367 , p. 368 , p. 369 ).
  • Walter Höflechner : Leopold Sacher-Masoch Ritter von Kronenthal and the University of Graz. In: Hermann Wiesflecker (Red.): Contributions to general history. (= Publications from the archive of the University of Graz. Volume 4). Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz 1975, ZDB -ID 185618-2 , pp. 125-138.
  • Gilles Deleuze : Sacher-Masoch and masochism. In: Leopold von Sacher-Masoch: Venus in fur. (= Insel-Taschenbuch. Volume 469). Insel-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1980, ISBN 3-458-32169-1 . - In it:
    The encounter with Ludwig II of Bavaria. (An excerpt from the autobiography Meine Lebenbeichte der Wanda von Sacher-Masoch.)
  • Michael Farin (Ed.): Leopold von Sacher-Masoch. Materials on life and work. Bouvier, Bonn 1987, ISBN 3-416-01853-2 .
  • Marion Kobelt-Groch , Michael Salewski : Leopold von Sacher-Masoch. A pioneer of the 20th century . Olms, Hildesheim 2010, ISBN 978-3-487-14510-5 .
  • Albrecht Koschorke : Leopold von Sacher-Masoch. The staging of a perversion. (= Piper series. Volume 928). Piper, Munich 1988, ISBN 3-492-10928-4 .
  • Christian Stifter : Masochism and popular education. To the late appreciation of the popular enlightener Leopold von Sacher-Masoch (1836–1895). In: Searching for traces. Journal of the history of adult education and science popularization. Year 5/1994, issue 1–2, ZDB -ID 1241608-3 , pp. 26–40.
  • Ingrid Spörk (Ed.): Leopold von Sacher-Masoch. (= Dossier. Volume 20). Droschl, Graz 2002, ISBN 3-85420-630-5 .
  • Karin Bang : Aimez-moi! A study of Leopold von Sacher-Masoch's masochism. (= Bremen contributions to the history of literature and ideas. Volume 39). Lang, Frankfurt am Main a. a. 2003, ISBN 3-631-38191-3 .
  • Lisbeth Exner : Leopold von Sacher-Masoch. (= Rowohlt's monographs. Volume 50652). Rowohlt-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Reinbek 2003, ISBN 3-499-50652-1 .
  • Martin A. Hainz : Cave Carnem. Eros, power and staging in Sacher-Masoch's Venus in fur. In: arcadia . Volume 39, Issue 1, 2004, ZDB -ID 2158551-9 , pp. 2-26.
  • Heiner Boehncke , Hans Sarkowicz : Literature Land Hessen. Societäts-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2005, ISBN 3-7973-0879-5 .
  • Martin A. Hainz: More than a syndrome - about Leopold von Sacher-Masoch (1836–1895). In: Jattie Enklaar, Hans Ester (eds.); Evelyne Tax (collaborator): In the shadow of literary history. Authors that nobody knows anymore? Plea against forgetting. (= Duitse Kroniek. Volume 54). Rodopi, Amsterdam a. a. 2005, ISBN 90-420-1915-8 , pp. 41-54.
  • Max Kaiser:  Sacher-Masoch, knight v. Kronenthal, Leopold. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 22, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-428-11203-2 , pp. 325–327 ( digitized version ).
  • Daniel Kehlmann : Put your foot on my neck! About Leopold von Sacher-Masoch. In: Daniel Kehlmann: Where is Carlos Montúfar? About books. Rowohlt Taschenbuch, Reinbek bei Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-499-24139-0 , pp. 45–55.
  • Ulrich E (kkehard) Bach: Sacher-Masoch's Utopian Peripheries. academia.edu In: The German Quarterly. Volume 80.2 / 2007, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford 2007, ZDB -ID 2066373-0 , pp. 201-219.
  • Carina Gröner: "Text Lingerie": The scandal author Leopold von Sacher-Masoch and the category of perversion in "Die Liebe Des Plato". In: Andrea Bartl (Ed.): Scandal authors: On representative samples of literary provocation and sensational author staging. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-8260-5530-0 , pp. 283-3300.
  • Carlo Di Mascio, Masoch sovversivo. Cinque studi su Venus in fur , Firenze, Phasar Edizioni, 2018. ISBN 978-88-6358-488-2 .

Web links

Wikisource: Leopold Ritter von Sacher-Masoch  - Sources and full texts
Commons : Leopold von Sacher-Masoch  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikiquote: Leopold von Sacher-Masoch  - Quotes

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b An autobiography. 1879.
  2. ↑ Max Kaiser: Sacher-Masoch. P. 325.
  3. ^ Leopold Sacher-Masoch: Ungarns Untergang and Maria von Oesterreich: partly based on documents from the Imperial and Royal State Archives in Vienna. Austrian National Library (digitized edition), accessed on January 22, 2020 .
  4. ↑ Kösener Corpslisten 1930, 51, 2
  5. ↑ Max Kaiser: Sacher-Masoch. P. 325 f.
  6. ^ Richard M. Meyer: Sacher-Masoch, Leopold von. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. 53, 1907, pp. 681-682 [online version]
  7. ↑ WRITER: Hard of hearing - DER SPIEGEL 5/1986. Retrieved January 22, 2020 .
  8. ^ Austrian biographical lexicon and biographical documentation: Sacher-Masoch, Leopold von; Ps. Charlotte Arand, Zoë v. Rodenbach. 2003, accessed January 22, 2020 .
  9. ↑ ZDB -ID 550110-6
  10. ↑ a b Max Kaiser: Sacher-Masoch. P. 326.
  11. ↑ Paul Jandl : The Sacher Masoch cake. Graz opened as cultural capital 2003. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . January 13, 2003, accessed March 7, 2019 .
personal data
SURNAME Sacher-Masoch, Leopold von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Sacher-Masoch, Leopold Ritter von; Arand, Charlotte (pseudonym); Rodenbach, Zoë von (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian writer
DATE OF BIRTH January 27, 1836
PLACE OF BIRTH Lemberg , Austrian Empire
DATE OF DEATH March 9, 1895
Place of death Lindheim , Hesse