Alexander Pavlovich Vinogradov

Alexander Pavlovich Vinogradov ( Russian Александр Павлович Виноградов ; born August 9 ^{. Jul} / 21st August 1895 ^greg. In Petrezowo at Tutayev ; † 16th November 1975 in Moscow ) was a Russian geochemist and Vice President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR .

Life

In 1924 he finished his training at the Military Medical Academy and at the Faculty of Chemistry at Leningrad University . He was a student and closest collaborator of Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky . From 1928 on he took up a position as senior scientific assistant in the laboratory for biogeochemical problems of the Academy of Sciences (AdW) of the USSR.

In 1935, the author was awarded a doctorate in chemical sciences without defense of a dissertation . Since September 30, 1943, he was a corresponding and since October 13, 1953 a full member of the AdW of the USSR. After Vernadsky's death in 1945, he took over the management of the Laboratory for Biogeochemical Problems of the AdW in Moscow. From this laboratory the Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry "VI Vernadski" emerged, which Vinogradow organized in 1947 and then headed.

Vinogradov was one of the leading scientists in the Soviet atomic bomb project . He directed the work for the production of fissile materials of high purity. The highly sensitive analysis methods required were developed under his direction. After the successful test of the first Soviet nuclear weapon RDS-1 at the Semipalatinsk nuclear weapon test site , Vinogradov was honored as a hero of socialist work . He received the Order of Lenin and the hammer and sickle gold medal . In the same year he received the Stalin Prize, First Class.

From 1953 Vinogradov headed the chair of geochemistry at Moscow's Lomonosov University , which was founded on his initiative as the first chair of geochemistry in the USSR . In 1963 he was elected Academic Secretary of the Geosciences Department and in 1967, on May 17th, until his death, he was elected Vice-President of the AdW of the USSR.

Act

He wrote more than 400 extensive works for the further development of a whole complex of the sciences about the earth. He generalized the extensive material on the content and distribution of chemical elements in soils and rocks as well as on the chemical composition of organisms and photosynthesis.

He created the basis for the use of the isotope content of the chemical elements to determine the absolute age of rocks and to elucidate the formation of mineral deposits. Vinogradov formulated a hypothesis about the origin of the earth. Furthermore, he developed a new idea about the formation of the evolution of the earth's envelopes (1) and about the geochemistry of the seas. When examining the Tunguska body (2) he showed with other anomalies.

Multiple studies on the ore-forming processes in the deep zones of the earth as well as studies on the chemistry of the moon, Venus and Mars, i.e. i.e., the emergence of a new scientific discipline, cosmos chemistry. He made significant contributions to the mastery of nuclear energy, to the development of new directions in radiochemistry , chemistry and the technology of pure substances and rare elements.

Honors

Vinogradov was a two-time hero of socialist labor , winner of the Lenin Prize , multiple winner of the State Prize , six- time winner of the Order of Lenin , two-time winner of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor , winner of the 1965 Vernadsky gold medal, winner of the 1973 Lomonosov gold medal , Member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina , member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Honorary President of the international association for geochemistry and cosmos chemistry.

Four years after his death, the mountain Mons Vinogradov , located on the moon, was named after him in his honor. In addition, the Vinogradov Fracture Zone , a transform fault in the Antarctic , has been named after him since 1997 .

Web links

Tunguska body

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Landeshelden: Виноградов Александр Павлович (accessed May 30, 2018).
↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 246.

personal data
SURNAME	Vinogradov, Alexander Pavlovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Виноградов, Александр Павлович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Russian geochemist and Vice President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR
DATE OF BIRTH	August 21, 1895
PLACE OF BIRTH	Petrezovo near Tutayev
DATE OF DEATH	November 16, 1975
Place of death	Moscow

[land-1] Landeshelden: Виноградов Александр Павлович (accessed May 30, 2018).

[2] Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 246.