31 January
January 31 (in Austria and South Tyrol : January 31 ) is the 31st day of the Gregorian calendar , leaving 334 days (335 days in leap years) until the end of the year.
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events
politics and world affairs
- 1208: In the Battle of Lena , Erik Knutsson defeats Sweden 's King Sverker II , who then flees to Denmark. The battle is part of a longstanding power struggle between the Erik and Sverker families for the Swedish throne.
- 1542: Spaniard Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca became the first European to discover the Iguazú Falls .
- 1606: The last Catholic conspirators of the Gunpowder Plot against the Protestant King James I of England are executed. Among them is the main actor Guy Fawkes .
- 1638: Warriors of the Tokugawa shogunate defeat around 20,000 rebellious peasants of the Shimabara Rebellion , who subsequently retreated to Shimabara .
- 1773: Frederick the Great forms the new province of West Prussia by cabinet order .
- 1793: The royalist -leaning county of Nice is annexed by France following the invasion of French Revolutionary troops . The Alpes -Maritimes department is created.
- 1846: Three towns in the US state of Wisconsin merge to form the city of Milwaukee .
- 1850: The constitution introduced in Prussia provides for three -class suffrage, which gives the wealthy a voting advantage in the elections of deputies.
- 1865: General Robert Edward Lee becomes commander-in-chief of the entire Confederate States Army in the Civil War .
- 1876: In the United States , the Native Americans are ordered by the government to the Indian reservations.
- 1891: The Battle of Mankon occurs in Bafut ( Cameroon ) .
- 1915: Karl Helfferich becomes State Secretary in the Reich Treasury , responsible for war financing in the German Reich .
- 1927: The Interallied Military Control Commission of the victorious powers of the First World War officially states that Germany has fulfilled the disarmament requirements of the Versailles Treaty .
- 1929: Leon Trotsky , who was ousted from power by Josef Stalin in the Soviet Union , is exiled to Alma-Ata together with other members of the opposition .
- 1933: The only major strike against Adolf Hitler's " seizure of power " takes place in Mössingen .
- 1939: The licenses for Jewish pharmacists, dentists and veterinarians expire as a result of a decree on the Reich Citizenship Law.
- 1942: The Japanese invasion of the Malay Peninsula in the Pacific War ends successfully on the mainland. The Allies withdraw to the island of Singapore. The Battle of Singapore between Japanese and Allied troops under British command begins , lasting until February 15 .
- 1943: Field Marshal Friedrich Paulus surrendered with the German units trapped in the southern pocket at the Battle of Stalingrad in the Russian campaign of World War II .
- 1944: During the Battle of the Marshall Islands , American forces land on Kwajalein Atoll and subsequently develop it into an important operational and supply base in the Pacific War .
- 1945: Eddie Slovik is the only US soldier to be executed for desertion since the Civil War.
- 1946: The Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia receives a constitution as a federal state with 6 republics ( Slovenia , Croatia , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Montenegro , Serbia and Macedonia ) and two autonomous provinces within the Republic of Serbia ( Vojvodina and Kosovo ).
- 1948: The Malayan Union , formed under British pressure on April 1, 1946, is dissolved and replaced by the Federation of Malaya on February 1 .
- 1950: In a radio speech, Elly Heuss-Knapp announces the founding of the German Mothers ' Convalescence Agency .
- 1950: US President Harry S. Truman orders the development of the hydrogen bomb a few months after the first Soviet nuclear weapons test . She is tested as Ivy Mike in 1952 .
- 1968: Nauru in the western Pacific, held in trust by Australia on behalf of the UN , becomes independent. Hammer DeRoburt becomes the island nation 's first president .
- 1974: Members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine raid the Japanese embassy in Kuwait . At the same time, members of the Japanese Red Army storm a Shell plant on an island off Singapore and take five hostages.
- 1995: US President Bill Clinton approved a US $ 20 billion share in an international aid package to help Mexico to deal with the tequila crisis .
- 1996: Suicide bombings by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam with a truck full of explosives on the Central Bank of Sri Lanka and on a high-rise building in Colombo , killing 88 and injuring around 1,000.
- 2020: Great Britain leaves the European Union ( Brexit )
business
- 1609: The Amsterdam Exchange Bank goes into business. It credits accepted cash in any currency to the accounts of its depositors held in bank florins . She settles accounts receivable from her customers with one another without using cash . The bank is prohibited from granting credit and discounting bills of exchange .
- 1747: The London Lock Hospital opens as the first clinic specializing in skin and venereal diseases in the British capital. Syphilis patients are her customers in the early years.
- 1858: After a previous unsuccessful attempt on November 3, 1857, the British sailing steamer Great Eastern was launched . Isambard Kingdom Brunel's design would remain the world's largest ship for three decades.
- 1939: The last editions of the traditional, high-circulation Austrian newspapers Neues Wiener Journal and Neue Freie Presse are published. They are merged by the National Socialists with the Neue Wiener Tagblatt , which was incorporated into the Ostmarkische Zeitungsverlagsgesellschaft .
- 1983: Founding of the Senior Expert Service in Germany.
- 1989: The SPD party executive decides to discontinue the party newspaper “ Vorwarts ” for cost reasons. Its employees oppose the end of the traditional newspaper.
- 1990: The first Soviet McDonald's restaurant opens in Moscow.
- 1990: The Radbod coal mine in Bockum-Hövel is shut down.
- 2006: Alan Greenspan resigns after more than 18 years at the helm of the US Federal Reserve System . He will be succeeded by Ben Bernanke .
science and technology
- 1895: William Ramsay and John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh announce the discovery of a new chemical element, the noble gas argon , which they have isolated from the air. Starting in 1898, Ramsay discovered three more elements in the isolated argon, the noble gases neon , krypton and xenon .
- 1958: The first US satellite , Explorer 1 , is launched 4 months after the Russian satellite Sputnik . Under the direction of James Van Allen , he succeeds in proving the Van Allen radiation belt around the earth.
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- 1961: The chimpanzee Ham launches into space on NASA 's Mercury-Redstone 2 mission from Cape Canaveral . He spends about six minutes in weightlessness and a little later sinks unharmed in the Atlantic with his capsule.
- 1966: The Soviet Luna 9 spacecraft is launched en route to the Moon , where it will make the first soft-landing of a probe on February 3 .
- 1971: Apollo 14 launched toward the Moon with astronauts Stuart Roosa , Alan Shepard , and Edgar Mitchell on board .
Culture
- 1474: The council of the city of Bern and the mayor Adrian I. von Bubenberg commissioned Diebold Schilling the Elder to write a chronicle of Bern .
- 1732: The Teatro Argentina in Rome opens its performances with the opera Berenice by Domenico Sarro .
- 1786: The premiere of the opera Orpheus og Euridice by Johann Gottlieb Naumann takes place in Copenhagen.
- 1817: The Ancestor , a tragedy in five acts by Franz Grillparzer , was premiered at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna and received a great deal of controversy from the critics.
- 1863: The novel Cinq semaines en ballon ( Five Weeks in a Balloon ) by Jules Verne is published in France.
- 1880: The first performance of the fantastic drama Elda by Alfredo Catalani takes place at the Teatro Regio in Turin .
- 1882: The opera Gudrun by August Klughardt is premiered in Neustrelitz.
- 1884: The opera Pedro de Zalaméa by Benjamin Godard is premiered at the Théâtre Royal in Antwerp .
- 1912: The singer Jack Judge performs in Stalybridge for the first time the song It's a Long Way to Tipperary , which he composed and which became known worldwide through British soldiers during the First World War.
- 1914: The world premiere of the operetta The First Kiss by Ludwig Rochlitzer takes place at the Carltheater in Vienna .
- 1934: Gustav Holst 's chamber opera The Tale of the Wandering Scholar premieres in Liverpool.
- 1972: Rosa von Praunheim 's film Not the homosexual is perverted, but the situation in which he lives is shown for the first time on German television by the West German radio .
- 1977: The Center National d'Art et de Culture Georges Pompidou , designed by Renzo Piano , Richard Rogers and Gianfranco Franchini, opens in Paris .
- 1990: Italian premiere of Federico Fellini's film The Voice of the Moon (La voce della luna) .
disasters
- 1906: An 8.8 magnitude earthquake in Colombia and Ecuador kills about 1,000.
- 1918: In the ' Battle of the Isle of May ', several British K-class submarines collided in the Scottish Firth of Forth , sinking two boats and killing over a hundred sailors.
- 1953: The Dutch storm surge in the night of February 1st inundates large parts of the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Denmark and England. According to official figures, 1,853 people die in the Netherlands alone.
- 1994: The Gran Teatre del Liceu opera house in Barcelona , which opened in 1847 and is the second largest opera house in the world after the Teatro alla Scala in Milan, was destroyed by fire.
Minor accidents are listed in the sub-articles of Disaster .
nature and environment
- 2002: The Larsen B Ice Shelf broke away from Antarctica , a 3250 km² ice sheet that had previously remained stable for more than 10,000 years.
- 2008: The Blue Bay Marine Park in Mauritius is designated as a “ Wetland of International Importance” under the Ramsar Convention .
Sports
- 1892: The first ski jumping competition takes place at Holmenkollen in Oslo . The Norwegian Arne Ustvedt WINS with a jump of 21.5 meters.
- 1930: The 4th Ice Hockey World Championship - the first not to take place as part of the Olympic Games - is opened in Chamonix. It is also considered the 15th European Ice Hockey Championship .
- 1999: The Denver Broncos win Super Bowl XXXIII against the Atlanta Falcons at Pro Player Stadium in Miami, Florida, 34-19. John Elway is named the most valuable player .
- 2016: Germany becomes European Handball Champion for the second time .
Entries of track and field world records are located under the respective discipline under Athletics .
Born
Before the 18th century
- 1512: Henry I , Portuguese king and cardinal
- 1543: Tokugawa Ieyasu , Japanese general, shogun and one of the "Three Unifiers"
- 1585: Johann Dietrich von Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort , Count of Löwenstein
- 1599: Juraj Zrinski , Ban of Croatia
- 1607: James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby , English peer, politician and military
- 1612: Heinrich Casimir I , Count of Nassau-Dietz, governor of Friesland, Groningen and Drenthe
- 1619: Florentius Schuyl , Dutch physician and botanist
- 1620: Georg Friedrich Graf Waldeck , German prince
- 1673: Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort , French popular missionary, writer and founder of a religious order
- 1684: Louis Caravaque , French painter
- 1686: Hans Egede , Norwegian pastor, apostle to the Greenlanders
18th century
- 1707: Frederick Louis of Hanover , Prince of Wales
- 1710: Johann Christoph Balser , German legal scholar
- 1732: Wilhelm Christoph Diede zum Fürstenstein , Danish diplomat
- 1734: Joseph Franz Anton von Auersperg , Austrian bishop, prince-bishop and cardinal
- 1734: Robert Morris , British-American entrepreneur and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States
- 1735: Jean de Crèvecoeur , French-American writer
- 1741: Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel , Prussian statesman, writer and social critic
- 1741: Engelhard Benjamin Schwickert , German publisher
- 1746: Friedrich Ludwig Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen , Prussian general
- 1752: Governor Morris , American politician, co-author of the United States Declaration of Independence
- 1753: Kaspar Friedrich Lossius , German Protestant clergyman, educator and writer
- 1759: François Devienne , French flutist
- 1762: Lachlan Macquarie , governor of the British colony of New South Wales
- 1766: Augustin Braig , German theologian and university teacher
- 1769: Charles Cutts , American politician
- 1769: André-Jacques Garnerin , French aviation pioneer, parachutist and inventor
- 1774: Thomas Veazey , American politician
- 1778: Karl Gottlieb Anton , German classical scholar
- 1778: Franz Anton von Kolowrat-Liebsteinsky , Austrian statesman
- 1780: Ignaz Bruder , German organ builder
- 1782: Franz Sinesius Weissenbach , Swiss jurist and politician
- 1788: Bonifác Buzek , Bohemian priest, popular enlightener, philosopher and educator
- 1788: Felice Romani , Italian opera librettist
- 1796: Wilhelm Gotthelf Lohrmann , German surveyor, topographer, astronomer and meteorologist
- 1797: Franz Schubert , Austrian composer, co-founder of Romantic music in German-speaking countries
- 1798: Henriette von Bissing , German storyteller
- 1798: Carl Gottlieb Reißiger , German composer and court music director in Dresden
- 1799: Rodolphe Töpffer , Swiss draftsman and novelist
19th century
1801-1850
- 1802: Nils Ericson , Swedish engineer
- 1807: Adolf Christ , Swiss politician
- 1813: Agostino Depretis , Italian statesman
- 1817: August Schärtner , leading figure in the German gymnastics movement
- 1818: Carlos Luis de Borbón , pretender to the Carlist throne in Spain
- 1820: Francesco Corradini , Italian philologist
- 1823: Elise Polko , German poet and singer
- 1824: Willem Vester , Dutch landscape and animal painter
- 1830: James G. Blaine , American politician
- 1830: Henri Rochefort , French journalist and writer
- 1839: Curt von Knobelsdorff , German Blue Cross pioneer
- 1840: Josef Ferch , Romanian-German composer, church musician and music teacher
- 1841: Paul von Collas , German general of infantry, governor of Mainz
- 1841: Hugo Merguet , German educator, classical philologist
- 1845: Armand d'Artois , French writer
- 1849: August Reinsdorf , German assassin
1851-1900
- 1851: Peter Emil Isler , Swiss politician
- 1851: Emil Killinger , German jurist
- 1853: Maria Belpaire , Belgian writer
- 1854: Ludwig von Pastor , German Catholic historian
- 1854: Stefan Stambolov , Bulgarian politician, Prime Minister
- 1855: Otto Ehrenfried Ehlers , German explorer and writer
- 1856: Hermann von François , German general in World War I
- 1857: Alfred Ackermann-Teubner , German publisher and bookseller
- 1858: André Antoine , French theater director
- 1860: Heinrich Schenck , German botanist
- 1865: Henri Desgrange , French editor of the sports newspaper L'Auto , founder of the Tour de France
- 1865: Ulrich Thieme , German art historian
- 1865: Tikhon , Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church
- 1866: Emil Strauss , German poet
- 1867: Mariusz Zaruski , Polish general, yachtsman, mountaineer, writer, poet and painter
- 1868: Carl Wilhelm Petersen , German politician, First Mayor of Hamburg
- 1868: Theodore William Richards , American chemist, Nobel laureate
- 1869: Michael Herty , German track cyclist
- 1872: Helene Christaller , German writer
- 1872: Zane Gray , American writer
- 1873: Melitta Bentz , German company founder, inventor of the coffee filter
- 1874: Theodor Mollison , German anthropologist
- 1875: Stanisław Lubomirski , Polish magnate, entrepreneur and banker
- 1875: Sepp Straffner , Austrian politician
- 1876: Minna Bollmann , German politician (SPD), member of the Weimar National Assembly and resistance fighter
- 1878: Heinrich Delp , German politician, mayor of Darmstadt, victim of Nazism
- 1880: Anton Arnold , Austrian opera singer (tenor)
- 1881: Irving Langmuir , American chemist and physicist, Nobel laureate
- 1883: Oskar von Hindenburg , German general, son of Reich President Paul von Hindenburg
- 1883: Hermann Höpker-Aschoff , German politician and President of the Constitutional Court
- 1884: Edgar Haßmann , Latvian pastor and evangelical martyr
- 1884: Theodor Heuss , German political scientist, politician, MP, first President of the Federal Republic of Germany
- 1889: Albert Aereboe , German painter
- 1890: Adolf Bach , German scholar
- 1891: Max Drischner , German composer, organist and harpsichordist
- 1892: Heinrich Bongartz , German fighter pilot in World War I
- 1892: Ozaki Kihachi , Japanese writer
- 1893: Freya Madeline Stark , British oriental and travel writer
- 1894: Kojima Masajirō , Japanese writer
- 1885: Heinrich Quiring , German geologist and paleontologist
- 1894: Albert Perrot , French racing driver
- 1896: Josef Ackermann , German journalist
- 1896: Marianne Grunthal , German teacher, Nazi victim
- 1896: Lewis Strauss , American politician and Chairman of the Atomic Energy Agency
- 1897: Ahmad Shah Qajar , Persian Shah, last ruler of the Qajar dynasty
- 1900: Omraam Mikhaël Aïvanhov , Bulgarian philosopher and educator
- 1900: Lisa Korspeter , German politician and MP
- 1900: Betty Parsons , American artist and gallery owner ( Mother of Abstract Expressionism )
20th century
1901-1925
- 1901: Marie Luise Kaschnitz , German writer
- 1902: Tallulah Bankhead , American actress
- 1902: Alva Myrdal , Swedish sociologist and politician, Nobel laureate
- 1902: Willy Spühler , Swiss politician
- 1903: Joseph Illerhaus , German politician, MdB, MEP
- 1904: Frederick H. Boland , Irish politician
- 1904: Max Sulzbachner , Swiss painter
- 1905: John O'Hara , American writer
- 1905: Martin Hellberg , German director, actor and author
- 1906: Benjamin Frankel , British composer
- 1906: Roosevelt Sykes , American blues pianist
- 1907: Freddie de Clifford , British racing driver and peer
- 1907: Georg Wurzer , German football coach
- 1908: Bill Cantrell , American racing driver
- 1908: Atahualpa Yupanqui , Argentine singer, songwriter, guitarist and writer
- 1909: Hans Werner von Aufseß , German jurist, ministry official and author
- 1909: Gregor Hradetzky , Austrian canoeist
- 1910: Emmy Diemer-Nicolaus , German lawyer and politician, MdL, MP
- 1910: Ludwig von Moos , Swiss politician
- 1910: Giorgio Perlasca , Italian businessman, fascist, savior of thousands of Jews in Budapest, Righteous Among the Nations
- 1910: Nomi Rubel , German writer
- 1911: Hans Arens , German literary and linguist
- 1911: Josef Rösing , German politician, MP
- 1913 Don Hutson , American football player and coach
- 1913: Wayne Millner , American football player and coach
- 1913: Gustav Sichelschmidt , German writer
- 1914: Hugh Joseph Addonizio , American politician
- 1914: Julian von Károlyi , German pianist
- 1914: Carey Loftin , American actor and stuntman
- 1914: André Ramseyer , Swiss sculptor
- 1915: Bobby Hackett , American jazz trumpeter, cornetist and guitarist
- 1915: Alan Lomax , American folklore and musicologist
- 1915: Thomas Merton , American Trappist, writer and mystic
- 1916: Sangoulé Lamizana , Burkinabe politician
- 1916: Carlos Jiménez Mabarak , Mexican composer
- 1916: Frank Parker , American tennis player
- 1917: Hans Posegga , German composer, pianist and conductor
- 1918: Karl Emerich Kramer , German writer
- 1919: Hanskatzer , German politician, MEP, MP, federal minister
- 1919: Jackie Robinson , first African-American baseball player in MLB
- 1920: Ana María González , Mexican singer
- 1920: Benoîte Groult , French writer and journalist
- 1920: Stewart Udall , American politician
- 1921: John Agar , American actor
- 1921: John Anderson , American trumpeter
- 1921: Eva-Maria Buch , German resistance fighter, member of the Red Orchestra
- 1921: Kurt Marti , Swiss pastor and writer
- 1921: Mario Lanza , American singer
- 1922: W. Ross Adey , Australian neuroscientist
- 1922: Marcel Jullian , French author and publicist, director and television producer
- 1923: Hermann Schmitt-Vockenhausen , German politician, MP
- 1923: Norman Mailer , American writer
- 1923: Jorge María Mejía , Argentine Curial Cardinal
- 1924: Tengis Abuladze , Georgian film director
- 1924: João Luiz Areias Netto , Brazilian diplomat
- 1925: Guido Jendritzko , German sculptor, painter and photographer
- 1925: Adele Kurzweil , Austrian Holocaust victim
1926-1950
- 1926: Johannes Joachim Degenhardt , German cardinal and Archbishop of Paderborn
- 1926: Maria Emanuel Margrave of Meissen , German Prince of Saxony Duke of Saxony, called Margrave of Meissen, head of the House of Wettin
- 1927: Karl-Otto Habermehl , German physician and virologist
- 1928: Chuck Willis , American blues and rhythm and blues singer and songwriter
- 1929: Girolamo Arnaldi , Italian medieval historian
- 1929: Kurt Bretterbauer , Austrian geodesist
- 1929: Rudolf Mößbauer , German physicist, Nobel Prize winner (Mössbauer effect)
- 1929: Vera Schwarz , German harpsichordist and music researcher
- 1929: Jean Simmons , British-American actress
- 1930: Joakim Bonnier , Swedish Formula One racing driver
- 1930: Sergius Golovin , Swiss publicist and mythologist
- 1930: Friedrich Witt , German double bass player
- 1931: Hansjörg Felmy , German theater and film actor
- 1932: Michael Degen , German theater and film actor
- 1933: Joachim Herrmann , German legal scholar
- 1933: Bernardo Provenzano , Italian gang leader of Cosa Nostra
- 1933: Jun John Sakurai , Japanese physicist
- 1934: Peter Ackermann , German painter and printmaker
- 1934: Ernesto Brambilla , Italian motorcycle and automobile racer
- 1934: Marwan Kassab-Bachi , Syrian painter
- 1934: Horst Stobbe , German rower
- 1934: Bobby Lee Trammell , American rockabilly musician and politician
- 1935: Kenzaburō Ōe , Japanese writer and Nobel laureate
- 1935: Willi Schrade , German actor
- 1936: Hiroshi Hoshina , Japanese composer and conductor
- 1937: Regimantas Adomaitis , Lithuanian film and theater actor
- 1937: Willi Erdmann , German judge at the Federal Court of Justice
- 1937: Philip Glass , American composer
- 1937: Johannes Kunisch , German historian
- 1937: Suzanne Pleshette , American actress
- 1937: Karin-Huberta Ritter , German federal judge at the Federal Court of Justice
- 1937: Helke Sander , German director and author
- 1938: Beatrix , Princess of Orange-Nassau, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld (Dutch Queen from 30 April 1980 to 30 April 2013)
- 1938: Lynn Carlin , American actress
- 1938: Eike Reuter , German church musician, State Church Music Director of Thuringia
- 1939: Helmut Baumann , German dancer, actor and musical director
- 1940: Peter Andrews , British paleoanthropologist
- 1940: Helmut Hunger , German soccer player
- 1941: Eugène Terre'Blanche , South African politician
- 1941: Jessica Walter , American actress
- 1942: Daniela Bianchi , Italian actress
- 1942: Daniel Goeudevert , French man of letters, car manager and business consultant
- 1942: Derek Jarman , British film director
- 1943: Héctor Ramírez , Cuban gymnast
- 1944: Spartaco Landini , Italian footballer
- 1944: Uwe Kockisch , German actor
- 1944: Heidi Mahler , German actress
- 1944: Charlie Musselwhite , American blues musician
- 1944: Armin Vidal , German ornithologist
- 1945: Matthias Beltz , German cabaret artist and author
- 1945: Noah Creshevsky , American composer and music educator
- 1946: Terry Alan Kath , American musician
- 1946: Willi Seebauer , German soccer player
- 1946: Wolfgang Stumph , German actor and cabaret artist
- 1946: Wilfried Terno , German judge at the Federal Court of Justice
- 1946: Bobby Windsor , Welsh rugby player
- 1947: Paul Hoser , German historian
- 1947: Rudolf Schieffer , German historian
- 1949: Maria Rauch-Kallat , Austrian politician, federal minister
- 1949: Ken Wilber , American philosopher
- 1950: Robert Grubb , Australian actor
- 1950: Jan Hofer , German news anchor
- 1950: Wilfried Nippel , German ancient historian
- 1950: Leili Pärnpuu , Estonian chess player
- 1950: Karl Sevelda , Austrian bank manager
1951-1975
- 1951: Farideh Akashe-Böhme , German-Iranian author
- 1951: Holger Hantke , German musician, composer and music teacher
- 1951: Wiebke Hendriksen , German table tennis player
- 1951: Dieter Hillebrand , German politician
- 1951: Costas Los , Greek auto racer
- 1951: Phil Manzanera , British musician
- 1951: Cristine Rose , American actress
- 1952: Ulrike Apel-Haefs , German politician, MdL
- 1952: Rodolfo Daluisio , Argentine composer, bandoneonist and organist, choirmaster and music teacher
- 1953: Gertrude Lübbe-Wolff , German federal judge at the Federal Constitutional Court
- 1953: Andreas Lukoschik , German TV presenter, actor and author
- 1953 Louis Wright , American football player
- 1954: Mauro Baldi , Italian racing car driver
- 1955: Virginia Ruzici , Romanian tennis player
- 1956: Vera Vitalyevna Glagoleva , Soviet/Russian theater and film actress, screenwriter and director
- 1956: John Lydon , British musician ( Sex Pistols )
- 1956: Artur Mas , Catalan politician
- 1956: Klaus Ploghaus , German athlete
- 1957: Ronald Åhman , Swedish footballer
- 1957: Henrik Dam Kristensen , Danish politician
- 1958: Bernd Baumann , German economist and politician
- 1959: Pierre Aïm , French cinematographer
- 1959: Kelly Lynch , American actress
- 1959: Alessandro Paganessi , Italian cyclist
- 1959: Petar Popangelov , Bulgarian alpine skier
- 1960: Bernhard Kempen , German lawyer and professor
- 1961: Lloyd Cole , British musician and songwriter
- 1961: Torsten Michaelis , German actor
- 1962: Ronald Schweppe , Dutch writer and musician
- 1963: Manuela Di Centa , Italian cross-country skier
- 1964: Sharon Cain , American handball player
- 1964: Jeff Hanneman , American guitarist ( Slayer )
- 1965: Andri Marteinsson , Icelandic footballer
- 1966: Anne Berge , Norwegian alpine skier
- 1966: Jorge González , Argentine wrestler and basketball player
- 1966: Rolf Järmann , Swiss cyclist
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- 1966: JJ Lehto , Finnish racing driver, two-time Le Mans 24 Hours winner
- 1966: Brian Mikkelsen , Danish politician
- 1966: Thomas Treß , German football official
- 1966: Christopher Truswell , Australian actor and voice artist
- 1967: Stefan Beuse , German writer
- 1967: Chad Channing , American musician ( Nirvana )
- 1967: Fat Mike , American musician
- 1967: Shauna Rolston , Canadian cellist
- 1968: Markus Foser , Liechtenstein ski racer
- 1968: Marina Kielmann , German roller and figure skater
- 1968: Petra Schubert , German badminton player
- 1969: Katjuša Pušnik , Slovenian alpine skier
- 1970: Minnie Driver , British actress, singer and songwriter
- 1971: Matthias Berninger , German politician, MP
- 1971: Patricia Velásquez , Venezuelan actress
- 1972: Manfred Kainz , Austrian motorcycle racer and team owner
- 1973: Portia de Rossi , Australian actress
- 1974: Regina Aspalter , Austrian farmer and politician
- 1974: Andrew Lockington , Canadian composer
- 1974: Lisa Karlstrom , German actress
- 1975: Birgit Kelle , German journalist and publicist
- 1975: Matt Rhule , American football coach
- 1975: Preity Zinta , Indian actress
1976-2000
- 1976: Buddy Rice , American auto racer
- 1976: Traianos Dellas , Greek footballer
- 1977: Torri Edwards , American track and field athlete
- 1977: Eddie Gustafsson , Swedish footballer
- 1977: Olessya Kulakova , German national volleyball player
- 1977: Sergei Pareiko , Estonian football goalkeeper
- 1977: Kerry Washington , American actress
- 1979: Fərid Abbasov , Azerbaijani chess player and coach
- 1979: Brahim Asloum , French boxer, Olympic champion
- 1979: Bartosz Jurecki , Polish handball player and coach
- 1979: Felix Sturm , German boxer
- 1979: Jenny Wolf , German speed skater
- 1980: Joel Brown , American track and field athlete
- 1980: Ramona Kühne , German professional boxer
- 1980: Nick Leventis , British motor racing driver and racing team owner
- 1980: Mohamed Mokrani , Franco-Algerian handball player
- 1981: Amrita Arora , Indian film actress
- 1981: Justin Timberlake , American pop musician ( *NSYNC ) and actor
- 1981: Selçuk Şahin , Turkish footballer
- 1981: Antal Zalai , Hungarian violinist
- 1982: Yekaterina Sergeyevna Ananina , Russian badminton player
- 1982: Maret Ani , Estonian tennis player
- 1982: Enrico Gaede , German footballer
- 1982: Ronny Göhl , German handball player
- 1982: Andreas Görlitz , German footballer
- 1982: Elena Paparizou , Greek singer
- 1983: Adriano Angeloni , Italian cyclist
- 1983: Elizabeth Armstrong , American water polo player
- 1983: Fabio Quagliarella , Italian footballer
- 1983: Katharina Thewes , German handball player
- 1984: Franziska Steil , German handball player and coach
- 1984: Alexander Ludwig , German footballer
- 1984: Alessandro Rosina , Italian footballer
- 1984: Jeremy Wariner , American track and field athlete
- 1985: Christophe Berra , Scottish footballer
- 1985: Adam Federici , Australian footballer
- 1986: Cassandra Engel , German handball player
- 1986: Yves Makabu-Makalambay , Belgian footballer
- 1986: Sascha Pichler , Austrian footballer
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- 1987: Raúl Richter , German actor
- 1988: Line Røddik Hansen , Danish soccer player
- 1988: Cathy Hummels , German presenter
- 1988: Daniel Wessig , German handball player
- 1989: Rafael Midchatovich Akhmetov , Russian ice hockey player
- 1989: Joanna Atkins , American sprinter
- 1989: Nikki Chooi , Canadian violinist
- 1989: Sanna Nyassi , Gambian footballer
- 1990: Cro , German rapper, singer and record producer
- 1990: Marco Holz , German footballer
- 1990: Shannon Woeller , Canadian soccer player
- 1991: Ju Wenjun , Chinese chess player
- 1991: Courtney Williams , Vincentian track and field athlete
- 1992: Linnéa Claeson , Swedish handball player and net activist
- 1992: Victor Crone , Swedish singer
- 1992: Katja Grosskinsky , German actress
- 1992: Alexander Viktorovich Loginov , Russian biathlete
- 1992: Meo Wulf , German actor and speaker
- 1993: Angela Malestein , Dutch handball player
- 1994: Silke Lippok , German swimmer
- 1994: Jaron Siewert , German handball player
- 1994: Florian Stritzel , German soccer goalkeeper
- 1996: Joel Courtney , American actor
21st century
- 2001: Ahed Tamimi , Palestinian activist
- 2004: Adrián Fernández , Spanish motorcycle racer
- 2008: Leander Menzel , young German actor
Died
Before the 16th century
- 876: Hemma , East Frankish queen
- 1030: William V , Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitiers
- 1039: Hartwig , Bishop of Brixen
- 1119: Otbert of Liège , Bishop of Liège
- 1156: Hermann von Horn , Bishop of Utrecht
- 1179: Frederick I , Bishop of Prague
- 1197: William de Longchamp , Lord Chancellor of England and Bishop of Ely
- 1208: Knut Birgersson , Jarl of Sweden
- 1208: Magnus Minnesköld , Swedish nobleman and magistrate
- 1216: Theodore II Eirenikos , Patriarch of Constantinople
- 1228: Guido of Montfort , lord of Castres, La Ferté-Alais and Bréthencourt, crusader and regent of the county of Sidon
- 1256: William of York , Bishop of Salisbury
- 1330: John I , Count of Namur
- 1375: Margaret Drummond , Queen of Scotland
- 1398: Sukō , Japanese Emperor at the Northern Court
- 1418: Mircea cel Bătrân , Voivode of Wallachia
- 1435: Xuande , fifth Chinese emperor of the Ming dynasty
- 1465: Ulrich Maier , Swiss Benedictine, abbot of Muri Monastery
- 1466: Arnold Westphal , Bishop of Lübeck
- 1484: Elisabeth von Künsberg , abbess of the monastery of Himmelkron
16th to 18th centuries
- 1513: Pedro de Ayala , Spanish ambassador to England
- 1526: Elisabetta Gonzaga , Duchess of Urbino
- 1546: Gaudenzio Ferrari , Italian painter
- 1561: Menno Simons , Dutch theologian; Anabaptist reformer and namesake of the Mennonites
- 1580: Henry I , last king of Portugal of the House of Avis, cardinal
- 1587: Juraj Drašković of Trakošćan , Croatian nobleman, bishop and cardinal
- 1606: Guy Fawkes , English Catholic officer and assassin
- 1615: Claudio Acquaviva , Italian Superior General of the Societas Jesu ( Jesuits )
- 1628: Abraham van den Blocke , architect and sculptor of Flemish origin
- 1632: Jost Bürgi , Swiss-German watchmaker, instrument maker and astronomer
- 1635: Bartholomäus Gölnitz , German legal scholar
- 1644: Kemankeş Kara Mustafa Pasha , Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
- 1665: Johannes Clauberg , German theologian and philosopher
- 1670: Daniel Beckher the Younger , German physician
- 1701: Andreas Schweimb , German master organ builder
- 1704: Christian Andreas Siber , German educator and Lutheran theologian
- 1719: Þormóður Torfason , Icelandic historian in Danish service
- 1727: Johann Wilhelm Petersen , German theologian, mystic and chiliast
- 1729: Jakob Roggeveen , Dutch navigator and explorer
- 1736: Filippo Juvarra , Italian architect
- 1736: Bruno Mauricio de Zabala , Spanish military and colonial administrator, Capitán General del Río de la Plata
- 1738: Ehrgott Bernhard Bendl , German sculptor and plasterer
- 1741: Heinrich von Hessen-Darmstadt , German prince, imperial general
- 1749: Roger Morris , English architect
- 1780: Jonathan Carver , US-British explorer
- 1783: Caffarelli , Italian opera singer (castrato)
- 1788: Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie), exiled pretender to the British throne
- 1793: Alois Friedrich von Brühl , Saxon-Polish court official and playwright
- 1799: Georg Heinrich Borz , German mathematician
19th century
- 1811: Hanns Moritz von Brühl , Prussian intendant of the Chausseen
- 1822: Rudolf Schadow , German sculptor
- 1825: Johann Friedrich Neidhart , German educator and headmaster
- 1825: Johann Theodor Reinke , German engineer
- 1828: Alexander Ypsilantis , Greek freedom fighter
- 1836: John Cheyne , British physician
- 1840: Joseph von Utzschneider , German engineer and entrepreneur
- 1844: Henri-Gatien Bertrand , French general
- 1863: Friedrich Friese , German organist and organ builder
- 1864: Fischel Arnhem , German politician and jurist
- 1864: Hamilton Rowan Gamble , American politician
- 1864: Michael Sachs , German-Jewish scholar and pulpit orator
- 1865: Hugh Falconer , British paleontologist, botanist and geologist from Scotland
- 1866: Friedrich Rückert , German poet, translator and orientalist
- 1868: Josef Körösi , Austro-Hungarian industrialist
- 1874: Enno Wilhelm Hektor , German author
- 1878: Franz Joseph von Buß , German jurist, constitutional lawyer, Catholic politician
- 1882: James Spriggs Payne , President of Liberia
- 1883: Wilhelm von Lenz , German writer on music
- 1884: Franz Senn , Austrian priest, founder of the German Alpine Club
- 1888: Johannes Bosco , Italian priest and founder of the order
- 1891: Ernest Meissonier , French painter
- 1892: Charles Haddon Spurgeon , British Baptist pastor and preacher
- 1896: William Alexander Adams , English engineer and entrepreneur
- 1896: George A. Anderson , American politician
- 1900: John Sholto Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry , Marquess, Scottish nobleman
20th century
1901-1950
- 1905: José Reyes , Dominican composer and musician
- 1908: Carl von Voit , German physiologist
- 1911: Paul Singer , German manufacturer, SPD co-founder and MdR
- 1913: Simon Kooper , Captain of the Simon-Kooper-Nama
- 1914: James Addams Beaver , American politician
- 1914: Casimiro Gennari , Italian clergyman, Cardinal of the Curia
- 1917: Otto Finsch , German explorer
- 1918: Johann Puluj , Ukrainian physicist
- 1919: Paul Lindau , German writer, playwright and theater director
- 1920: Gilda Langer , Austrian actress
- 1920: Wilhelm Pfeffer , German botanist and plant physiologist
- 1921: Justus Knecht , German Catholic theologian and writer
- 1922: Friedrich Pützer , German architect and church builder
- 1924: Curt von Bardeleben , German chess player
- 1924: Ludwig Barnay , Hungarian-German actor and artistic director
- 1925: George Washington Cable , American writer
- 1925: Ulrich Wille , Swiss general in World War I
- 1929: Jan Karafiát , Czech pastor of the Bohemian Evangelical Brotherhood Church, writer
- 1933: John Galsworthy , British novelist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature
- 1933: Rodolfo Tartini , Swiss Roman Catholic clergyman
- 1935: Otto Aichel , German embryologist, anatomist, anthropologist and university lecturer
- 1935: Helene Glatzer , German communist resistance fighter
- 1936: Georgios Kondylis , Greek general and politician
- 1940: René Schickele , Franco-German writer, essayist and translator
- 1942: Otto Kern , German classical scholar and archaeologist
- 1942: Rolf Wenkhaus , German film actor
- 1944: Jean Giraudoux , French writer
- 1944: Theodor Habicht , German Nazi politician
- 1944: Thomas W. Hardwick , American politician
- 1944: William Allen White , American journalist, politician and writer
- 1944: Árpád Weisz , Hungarian football player and coach
- 1945: Franz Aschenwald , Austrian skier
- 1945: Al Blozis , American football player
- 1945: Eddie Slovik , only US soldier executed for desertion in World War II
- 1946: Pietro Boetto , Italian religious religious, Archbishop of Genoa and cardinal
- 1946: Václav Radimský , Czech painter
- 1949: Otto Hupp , German graphic artist
- 1950: Alfonso Esparza Oteo , Mexican composer, pianist and singer
1951-2000
- 1952: Georg Kohl , German politician, MP
- 1952: Pedro Prado , Chilean writer
- 1954: Alfred Auerbach , German actor and writer
- 1955: Henry Ernest Atkins , English chess player
- 1955: John Raleigh Mott , American theologian, President of the World Federation of YMCA , Nobel Peace Prize Laureate
- 1956: A. A. Milne , British writer
- 1957: Christian Hülsmeyer , German inventor of radar and entrepreneur
- 1960: Harry Blanchard , American racing driver
- 1960: Auguste Herbin , French painter
- 1962: Vlasta Burian , Czech actor and comedian
- 1964: Walther Adam , German industrialist and art collector
- 1966: Arthur Ernest Percival , British general, led the largest surrender in British military history
- 1967: Otto Dibelius , German Protestant theologian, Bishop of Berlin-Brandenburg
- 1967: Oskar Fischinger , German filmmaker, pioneer of abstract film
- 1967: Geoffrey O'Hara , Canadian singer and composer
- 1967: Eddie Tolan , American sprinter and Olympic gold medalist
- 1969: Meher Baba , Indian guru
- 1970: Fritz Bayerlein , German general
- 1970: Mikhail Leontyevich Mil , Russian helicopter designer
- 1970: Slim Harpo , American blues musician
- 1971: Hans Schmidt , German football player and coach
- 1971: Henry Vallotton , Swiss politician, diplomat and writer
- 1972: Hans Breitensträter , German heavyweight boxer
- 1972: István Szelényi , Hungarian composer
- 1973: Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch , Norwegian economist, Nobel laureate
- 1973: Johannes Semler , German politician, MP
- 1974: Samuel Goldwyn , American film producer
- 1974: August Sonnefeld , German optician
- 1975: Otto Andres , German politician
- 1975: Štefan Németh-Šamorínsky , Slovak composer, organist, pianist, choirmaster and music teacher
- 1975: Traugott Vogel , Swiss writer
- 1976: Buster Brown , American blues and R&B singer and harmonica player
- 1976: Paul Dupuis , Canadian actor
- 1977: Margrethe Klenze , German painter
- 1978: Margit Schenker-Angerer , Hungarian opera and concert singer
- 1979: Grant Green , American jazz guitarist and composer
- 1980: Emanuel Sperner , German mathematician
- 1981: Cozy Cole , American musician
- 1985: Ishikawa Tatsuzō , Japanese writer
- 1987: Boris Blinder , American cellist
- 1987: Benno von Wiese , German literary scholar
- 1989: Akutagawa Yasushi , Japanese composer
- 1989: Ty Anderson , American ice hockey player
- 1989: Friedrich Bundtzen , German glass designer
- 1990: Juan Francisco Giacobbe , Argentine composer, musicologist and educator
- 1990: Rashad Khalifa , Egyptian-American biochemist, Islamic scholar and computer scientist
- 1990: Hans Putz , Austrian actor
- 1991: Robert J. Havighurst , American educationalist and sociologist
- 1991: Kostas Mountakis , Greek lyre player
- 1991: Cosa Rosa , German songwriter, singer and keyboard player
- 1992: Helene Blum-Gliewe , German stage designer and architectural painter
- 1992: Rudolf Graber , German Catholic theologian, Bishop of Regensburg
- 1992: Martin Held , German actor
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- 1994: Erwin Strittmatter , German-Sorbian writer
- 1995: George Abbott , American author, director and actor
- 1997: Heiner Carow , German director and Vice President of the GDR Academy of Arts and member of the West Berlin Academy of Arts
- 1997: Zahir Pajaziti , co-founder and first commander of the KLA
- 1997: Ernst von Khuon , German radio and television journalist and writer
- 1999: Gabriel Ruiz , Mexican composer
- 2000: Martin Benrath , German actor
- 2000: Ross Russell , American jazz producer and author
- 2000: Gil Kane , American comic artist
21st century
- 2001: Evelyn Holt , German actress
- 2001: Heinz Starke , German politician, MEP, MP, federal minister
- 2002: Henry Kloss , American audio equipment designer
- 2003: Werenfried van Straaten , Belgian theologian
- 2004: Eleanor Holm , American swimmer
- 2004: Hansjürg Steinlin , Swiss forest scientist
- 2005: Nel Benschop , Dutch poet
- 2005: Otto Höpfner , German radio and television presenter
- 2005: Erich Kästner , German design engineer
- 2005: Klaus Mahnert , Austrian politician
- 2006: Thomas Roberts , American guitarist and songwriter
- 2006: Moira Shearer , British dancer and actress
- 2007: Helmut Apffel , German philologist, local historian and educator
- 2007: Molly Ivins , American newspaper columnist
- 2008: Veronika Bayer , German actress
- 2008: Volodia Teitelboim , Chilean writer
- 2010: Sanna Kiero , Finnish cross-country skier
- 2010: Tomás Eloy Martínez , Argentine writer, journalist, literary editor, film critic, screenwriter and university lecturer
- 2011: Bartolomeu Anania , Romanian writer and clergyman
- 2011: Charles Kaman , American engineer and businessman
- 2011: Ingrid Roitzsch , German politician, MP
- 2012: Stefano Angeleri , Italian football player and coach
- 2012: Mike Kelley , American installation and performance artist
- 2012: Dorothea Tanning , American painter, sculptor and writer
- 2014: Adegboyega Folaranmi Adedoyin , Nigerian track and field athlete
- 2014: Nina Andrycz , Polish actress and writer
- 2014: Irmgard Arnold , German opera singer
- 2014: Gundi Busch , German figure skater
- 2015: Udo Lattek , German soccer player and coach
- 2015: Richard von Weizsäcker , German politician, Governing Mayor of Berlin and Federal President
- 2016: Wolfgang Rademann , German television producer
- 2017: Carsten Mohren , German musician, producer, keyboardist, composer and sound engineer
- 2017: Frank Pellegrino , American actor and restaurateur
- 2017: Rob Stewart , Canadian film producer, photographer and conservation biologist
- 2017: John Wetton , British rock musician
- 2018: Haim Gouri , Israeli poet, novelist, journalist and documentary filmmaker
- 2019: Voldemar Herkel , Estonian architect
- 2019: Lore Jackstädt , German entrepreneur's widow and patron
- 2020: Anne Cox Chambers , US diplomat and entrepreneur
- 2020: Mary Higgins Clark , American writer
- 2021: Alejandro Gómez , Spanish athlete
- 2021: Kevin McCutcheon , American conductor and pianist
- 2021: Mihail Lucian Popescu , Romanian ice hockey player
holidays and commemorations
- Church commemorations
- St Aidán of Ferns , Irish Bishop (Anglican, Catholic)
- St. John Bosco , Italian priest and founder of a religious order (Anglican, Catholic)
- Charles Haddon Spurgeon , English revivalist (Evangelical)
- name days
- State holidays and commemorations
- Nauru : Independence from Australia (1968)
The list of commemoration and action days contains further entries .
Commons : January 31 - Collection of images, videos and audio files
