Kemankeş Kara Mustafa Pasha

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Kemankeş Kara Mustafa Pascha (born around 1592 in Avlonya ; died on January 31, 1644 in Constantinople ) was an Ottoman officer and statesman. As Kapudan Pasha, he was Commander-in-Chief of the Ottoman Navy and Grand Vizier .

Life

Mustafa Pascha was born in Avlonya (now Vlora in Albania ) in 1592 . With the boy harvest he came to Constantinople and became a soldier with the Janissaries . There he rose quickly due to his skills. The epithet Kemankeş (Ottoman for archer ) he received because of his skills as an archer.

As Sekbanbaşı, he was the commander of the Sekban unit and deputy to the commanding officer of the Janissaries. In this capacity he took part in the preparations for the Ottoman-Polish War in 1634 and was commander of the Janissaries ( Turkish Yeniçeri Ağası ) the following year . On October 17, 1635, the Sultan promoted him to Kapudan Pasha (Grand Admiral of the Navy). Nevertheless, he took part in the conquest of Baghdad in the interior of the Persian Empire in 1638. On December 24, 1638, Kemankeş Mustafa was appointed Grand Vizier by Sultan Murad IV after the death of Grand Vizier Tayyar Mehmet Pasha during the siege of Baghdad , making him the most powerful person in the Ottoman Empire after the Sultan .

Baghdad was captured the next day and Kemankeş Mustafa represented the Sultan in the peace negotiations. In the Treaty of Qasr-e Shirin of May 17, 1639, the borders between today's Iran, Iraq and Turkey were drawn. One of the first tasks of Mustafa Pasha was to restore the defensive capabilities of the province, which the Ottomans had wrested from the Persian Safavids .

Murad IV died on February 9, 1640. Kemankeş Kara Mustafa Pasha remained Grand Vizier during the reign of Sultan İbrahim . İbrahim was considered a weak ruler and it was above all Kemankeş Mustafa who ruled the empire. He put an end to several riots, balanced the budget, boosted trade and economy, and cut income from claims without performance.

Kemankeş Kara Mustafa Pascha also acted very uncompromisingly against critics and opponents, suppressed and killed rivals who could have challenged him for his office. With his brutal demeanor, he made many enemies within the palace. His most important opponents were the Valide Sultan (sultan's mother), the confidante of the Sultan Cinci Hoca and the vizier Sultanzade Mehmed Pascha . They began to intrigue against Kemankeş Mustafa. The attempt to mobilize the gate troops against his enemies failed.

He was slandered by the Sultan, who immediately dismissed him on January 31, 1644. Kemankeş Kara Mustafa Pasha was strangled on the way to the palace.

In 1642, Mustafa Pascha converted the Roman Catholic Church of Santa Maria di Constantinopoli in Constantinople into the Odalar Mosque .

literature

  • Faik Reşit Unat: Sadrâzam Kemankeş Mustafa Paşa Lâyihası . In: Tarih Vesikaları 1 , 1942, No. 6, pp. 443-480
  • M. Münir Aktepe: Mustafa Paşa . In: İslâm Ansiklopedisi . Volume 8. Istanbul 1960, pp. 730-732

Individual evidence

  1. ^ History. ( Memento from January 1, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) City of Yıldızeli
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h Hans Georg Majer: Mustafa Pascha, Kemankeş Kara . In: Mathias Bernath, Felix von Schroeder: Biographical Lexicon for the History of Southeast Europe . Volume 3. Munich 1979, p. 276 f. ( Online edition , accessed April 13, 2019)
  3. ^ Nicolae Iorga: History of the Ottoman Empire IV Yeditepe yayınevi, Istanbul, ISBN 975-6480-21-1 , p. 22
  4. ^ Yaşar Yüce, Ali Sevim: Türkiye tarihi Cilt III . AKDTYKTTK Yayınları, Istanbul 1991, pp. 85-87
  5. ↑ Ayhan Buz: Osmanlı Sadrazamları , Neden Yayınları, Istanbul 2009, ISBN 978-975-254-278-5 , p. 96
  6. ^ Joseph von Hammer: Osmanlı Tarihi cilt II . Milliyet Yayınları, Istanbul, p. 231
  7. ↑ Wolfgang Müller-Wiener : Bildlexikon. On the topography of Istanbul: Byzantium, Constantinupolis, Istanbul up to the beginning of the 17th century . Wasmuth, Tübingen 1977, ISBN 978-3-8030-1022-3 , p. 188
predecessor Office successor
Tayyar Mehmed Pasha Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
December 23, 1638 - January 31, 1644 		Sultanzade Mehmed Pasha
personal data
SURNAME Kemankeş Kara Mustafa Pasha
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Mustafa Pasha
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ottoman officer and statesman
DATE OF BIRTH around 1592
PLACE OF BIRTH Avlonya
DATE OF DEATH January 31, 1644
Place of death Constantinople