İbrahim (Sultan)

Sultan İbrahim

İbrahim (born November 4, 1615 in İstanbul ; † August 18, 1648 ibid), also İbrahim the Crazy (Turkish deli), was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1640 to 1648 .

Life

İbrahim had to live in a kafes (prince's prison, prince's cage) during the reign of his brother , as the fratricide common in the Ottoman Empire was abolished by his father Ahmed I. Life in the cage was likely to have a detrimental effect on his psyche, as he was insane when he ascended the throne.

After the death of his brother Murad IV , İbrahim initially hesitated to ascend to the throne because he feared an intrigue and an attack on the part of his (in his opinion still living) brother. When the palace staff came to his prince's prison to make him the new sultan, he bolted the door. Only his mother, Kösem Mahpeyker , was able to persuade him to leave the Kafes prince's prison to ascend the throne by bringing his brother's corpse as evidence. Much of his time as a sultan was spent having sexual pleasures in his harem .

He had seven Haseki ( main wives of the Sultan) until he was married to the eighth lady, nicknamed Telli . This eighth wife became the sultan's favorite wife; her name "Telli" literally means "wiry", but what is meant is the metaphorical meaning of "the spoiled", "the sensitive". Another main wife of İbrahim wore z. B. the nickname Sadschibaghli (Saçıbağlı), which means "those with the hair tied up".

In addition to these main wives, the sultan had several concubines , but any woman who gained too much power was deliberately eliminated by his dominant mother.

İbrahim was also interested in buying sable skins and fragrant flowers, but largely left the business of government to his mother, the Valide Sultan .

Türben of his uncle Mustafa I (left) and Sultan İbrahim (right)

Ibrahim's mental state deteriorated noticeably in the months before his death. A number of Ottoman officials had taken advantage of the sultan's goodwill and enriched themselves; the military saw his position in danger. On August 7, 1648, a military command of the Janissaries first executed the Grand Vizier Hezarpare Ahmed Pascha , who, after he was dismembered, received his historical nickname Hezärpare ("thousand pieces"). Only a few days later, İbrahim was also deposed by the military and finally hanged.

politics

İbrahim rarely intervened in politics, the affairs of state were largely carried out by his mother.

He forced a war for the island of Crete against Venice , in which the Venetians were successful in some battles in the Aegean Sea , but under the rule of İbrahim's successor Mehmed IV in 1669, Crete had to be left to the Ottomans.

Most of the Ottoman silver mines in Rumelia were closed during the reign of İbrahim .

Folk culture

İbrahim is one of the heroes of a Herzegovinian gusla song .

literature

• Andreas Bauer: Between myth and reality. Sultan Ibrahim as a projection screen for naive political, religious and social expectations of salvation in difficult times. In: Ottoman Studies. Volume 23, 1999, pp. 202-264
• Ferenc Majoros, Bernd Rill: The Ottoman Empire 1300-1922. The story of a great power . Marix, Wiesbaden 2004, ISBN 3-937715-25-8 .
• Josef Matuz: Ibrahim . In: Biographical Lexicon on the History of Southeast Europe . Volume 2. Munich 1976, p. 207.
• Josef Matuz: The Ottoman Empire. Baseline of its history . 4th edition. Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 2006, ISBN 3-534-20020-9 .
• Nicolae Iorga : History of the Ottoman Empire. Depicted according to the sources. 5 volumes, Verlag Perthes, Gotha 1908–1913, reprinted Frankfurt / Main 1990.
• Gabriel Effendi Noradounghian : Recueil d'actes internationaux de l'Empire Ottoman 1300-1789. Tome I. Paris, Neufchâtel 1897. Reprint: Kraus, Nendeln 1978, ISBN 3-262-00527-4 .

Web links

Commons : Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Ibrahim, the madman (Deli). (No longer available online.) Karlsruher Türkenbeute, archived from the original on June 8, 2013 ; accessed on May 16, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
2. ^ Friedrich S. Krauss: How Mohammed Köprülü became Vezier. A Guslar song of the Slavic Mohammedans in the duchy. Recorded, Germanized and explained . In: Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society . tape 32 , no. 143 , 1894, pp. 293-325, 317 f ., JSTOR : 983042 .
3. ↑ Joseph M. Whitmeyer: Eccentricity and indulgence in autocratic Rulers . In: Sociological Perspectives . tape 39 , no. 1 , 1996, p. 59-83, 66 , JSTOR : 1389343 .
4. ^ Friedrich S. Krauss: How Mohammed Köprülü became Vezier. A Guslar song of the Slavic Mohammedans in the duchy. Recorded, clarified and explained . In: Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society . tape 32 , no. 143 , 1894, pp. 293-325, 316 , JSTOR : 983042 .
5. ↑ ^{a b c} Suraiya Faroqhi, Bruce McGowan, Donald Quataert, Şevket Pamuk: An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England 1997, ISBN 0-521-57455-2 , pp. 414 f .
6. ^ Josef Matuz : Ibrahim . In: Biographical Lexicon on the History of Southeast Europe . Volume 2. Munich 1976, p. 207.
7. ↑ Rhoads Murphy: Silver Production in Rumelia according to an Official Ottoman Report circa 1600 . In: Southeast Research . tape 39 , 1980, pp. 75-104, there pp. 76, 82-86 .
8. ^ Friedrich S. Krauss: How Mohammed Köprülü became Vezier. A Guslar song of the Slavic Mohammedans in the duchy. Recorded, clarified and explained . In: Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society . tape 32 , no. 143 , 1894, pp. 293-325 , JSTOR : 983042 .

predecessor	Office	successor
Murad IV	Sultan and Caliph of the Ottoman Empire 1640–1648	Mehmed IV.