Inter-allied Military Control Commission

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The Military Inter-Allied Commission of Control , in short IMKK , French Commission militaire interalliée de controle (CMIC) , English Military Inter-Allied Commission of Control , was one of the three governing bodies of the victorious powers of World War I , which comply with the provisions of the peace treaty of Versailles by Germany monitored . It was established at the end of 1919. For the cooperation with the IMKK, the German side created the Army Peace Commission , which had similar structures. The military control was completed by the Naval Inter-Allied Commission of Control ( NIACC ) for the Navy and the Inter-Allied Aviation Monitoring Commission ( ILÜK ) for the air force.

Contractual bases

Articles 203–210 of the treaty formed the basis for the Commission's work. The duration of the activity was specified in Article 203, which was specified again in Article 10. In fact, the latter determined an unlimited extension of the control activity .

management

The chairman of the commission was the French General Charles Nollet . When Nollet was appointed to the post of French Minister of War in 1925, the French General Camille Walch succeeded him on July 1, 1924 and remained in office until January 31, 1927. Richard von Pawelsz represented the German Reich as Reich Commissioner .

Structures and tasks

The IMKK was divided into three sub-commissions:

  • the sub-commission for ammunition, armament and material in Berlin. This controlled the implementation of Articles 164–172, 180, 195 §§ 1 and 196 §§ 2 and 3 of the treaty. A British general was in charge.
  • the sub-commission for strengths, recruitment and military training in Berlin, headed by a French general. She supervised the implementation of the provisions of Articles 159–163 and 173–178.
  • the sub-commission for fortifications , divided into two areas: fortifications that were to be preserved and those that had to be deconsolidated. The first was also in Berlin, the latter in Kiel and Mainz . She supervised the implementation of Articles 180, 195 § 1 and 196 §§ 2 and 3.

France and Belgium were in charge of the body and , along with the United Kingdom, had the largest share of control. In addition there were Japan (under the direction of Furuya Kiyoshi ) and Italy represented. The US was not involved in the surveillance because it had not ratified the Versailles Treaty.

The inter-allied military control commission was responsible for monitoring this and others for the military (for example the limitation of the army of the Reichswehr to 100,000 men) and provisions relating to armaments . This included, among other things, the razing of the fortresses along the Rhine line ( Cologne , Koblenz , Mainz , Germersheim , Rastatt , Kehl), which was monitored by the sub-commission for fortifications. To this end, she carried out inspections of German military installations and reported them to the Allied governments. The German Reich had to pay for the costs of the control.

End of activity

Due to the Paris Agreement of January 31, 1927, the agreement on German border fortifications, as an addition to the Versailles Treaty, the IMKK ceased its work on February 1, 1927, after arms control in Germany was now the responsibility of the League of Nations to which the German Reich on 10 September 1926 after signing the Locarno Treaties . In addition to the activities that remained hidden from the public such as B. the Reichswehr organization or the reduction of the German police, the success of the commission is shown in measurable numbers. During the period of its activity, the Commission carried out 33,381 checks, which corresponds to around 28 operations per day. “Under their supervision, around 6 million rifles and carbines, 105,000 machine guns, 28,470 mortars and tubes, 54,887 guns and tubes, 38,750,000 projectiles, 490 million pieces of handgun ammunition, as well as 14,014 aircraft, 27,757 aircraft engines, 31 armored trains , 59 Tanks . ” The Germans took over the destruction of the military equipment, while the Allied control officers monitored it. All fortresses along the Rhine line were largely destroyed. The 34-volume final report of the IMKK remained with the League of Nations in Geneva.

Baltic states

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Salewski: Disarming, p. 41f.
  2. ↑ Ernst Rudolf Huber: The Weimar Imperial Constitution. W. Kohlhammer, 1981, p. 474.
  3. ^ Salewski: Disarmament. P. 42.
  4. ↑ P. Waltje: General and special comments on the origin of the fortress front Oder-Warthe-Bogen.
  5. ^ Salewski: Disarming, p. 375.

literature

  • Till Kiener: The Neckar-Enz position. Gundelsheimer Bunker Worlds. L. Kiener, Nürtingen 2002, ISBN 3-00-010420-8 .
  • Michael Salewski : Disarmament and Military Control in Germany 1919–1927. Oldenbourg, Munich 1966. In: Writings of the research institute of the German Society for Foreign Policy 24, ISSN  0933-2294 .

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