Johann Friedrich Neidhart

Johann Neidhart is a redirect to this article. For other people see Johann Neidhardt .

Johann Friedrich Neidhart (born October 16, 1744 in Wertheim ; † January 31, 1825 there ) was a German teacher and headmaster .

Life

family

Johann Friedrich Neidhart was the son of Johann Andreas Neidhart (born June 5, 1718 in Wertheim; † January 25, 1787 ibid), preacher and later pastor and superintendent and his first wife Christine Charlotte (born January 9, 1725 in Gaildorf ; † 19 October 1749 in Wertheim), daughter of Hofrat Friedrich Martin Schaller (1685–1755). His biological sister was:

• Christina Elisabetha Neidhart (born October 4, 1746 in Wertheim; † April 8, 1808), married to pastor Johann Georg Friedrich Schenck (1740–1800).

Due to the second marriage of his father to Sophia Christiana Susanna (born February 11, 1732 in Wertheim; † March 25, 1800 in Breuberg ), daughter of the Wertheim priest Friedrich Jacob Firnhaber (1692–1760), he had four more half-siblings:

• Renate Margarethe Elisabeth Neidhart (* May 21, 1756 in Wertheim; † April 10, 1821 in Löwenstein ), married to the pastor Karl Christoph Friedrich Klett (1744-1822);
• Friederike Elisabeth Neidhart (born March 26, 1758 in Wertheim; † October 28, 1798 in Sulzbach), married to the chamber secretary Christoph Conrad Hörner (1747-1813);
• Johann Christian Neidhart (born March 16, 1759 in Wertheim; † April 28, 1787 in Hirschlanden), pastor, married to Sophia Julia (born August 11, 1769 in Weikersheim ; † unknown), daughter of the town clerk Johann Christoph Joachim Rein;
• Charlotte Antonietta Neidhart (born January 23, 1768 in Wertheim; † unknown).

Johann Friedrich Neidhart was married to Maria Catharina Rosina (* August 1752 in Breuberg; † 23 August 1791 in Wertheim), daughter of consistorial councilor Georg Nicolaus Röder , since March 9, 1778 . They had two children together:

• Maria Catharina Friederike Christine Neidhart (born May 27, 1781 in Wertheim; † unknown), married to the Neckargemünd pastor Christian Gottlieb Stockhausen (1769–1856);
• Andreas Jakob Neidhart (born February 12, 1783 in Wertheim, † 1840 in Heidelberg ), pastor in Hirschlanden.

Career

education

He received his first school lessons from his father and at the German School in Wertheim, then he attended the Latin school, but only in the first grade, until his father took him back from school because he was dissatisfied with the lessons; He received further lessons from his uncle Jacob Nikolaus Neidhardt (1714–1783), a pastor in Eschach, until the then District President Hieronymus Heinrich von Hinckeldey (1720–1805) offered Neidhart together with his eldest son Christian Reinhardt von Hinckeldey from the private tutor Christian Gottfried Let Boeckh teach.

At the age of 16 he came to the grammar school in Idstein in 1760 and had lessons there with the rector Johann Michael Stritter (1705–1781) and the prorector Jacob Ludwig Schellenberg (1728–1808). After high school , he enrolled at the University of Halle in October 1763 . He attended the philosophical lectures with Georg Friedrich Meier and Johann Christian Foerster , the theological lectures with Johann Salomo Semler and Johann August Nösselt , in mathematics and natural science with Johann Peter Eberhard and the lectures on ancient literature with Christian Adolph Klotz . During his studies he made friends with the later folk poet Gottfried August Bürger and the later poet Leopold Friedrich Günther von Goeckingk .

In order to prepare for his future role as a teacher, he took over classes in the second Hebrew class at the orphanage for several hours a week.

Shortly before finishing his studies in 1766 he wrote the treatise Observationes criticae in varias quasdam Lectiones Codicis ebraei scripti Bibliothecae Academiae Helmsta diensis , which dealt with the readings of a Helmstedt Hebrew Code of the Holy Scriptures and which he, as a respondent under the adjunct of the philosophical faculty , Georg Johann Ludwig Vogel , disputed . At his father's request, he now went to the University of Tübingen for another year , where he heard lectures from, among others, Jeremias Friedrich Reuss and Johann Friedrich Cotta , until he returned home in 1768. Here he practiced teaching by teaching his younger siblings and occasionally practicing preaching.

Activity as teacher and headmaster

In 1768 he received the post of court master with the privy councilor and district envoy Heinrich Carl Freiherr von Barkhausen called Wiesenhütten (1725–1793) in Frankfurt am Main and taught his only son Carl Ludwig von Barckhaus called von Wiesenhütten .

In 1771 he was given the post of rector of the Wertheim Latin School , which had been vacant for six years, and was introduced to his post on July 10, 1771. He held this office for over fifty years; During this time he was faced with the task of building the school into a lyceum that would lead to university entrance qualifications; 1809 it supported the the from Halle coming Johann Gottlob Erdmann Föhlisch . Since Neidhart's time, annual “school programs”, the forerunners of today's yearbooks, have also been written and printed.

He took over the school in such a desolate state that students at other schools had to prepare for academic studies. According to the school rules of the time, he taught in all lessons in the first grade and made the experience that the students did not even have the appropriate basic knowledge; He attributed this poor level of knowledge to the textbooks of the time, which were tiring for the teachers and exhausting for the students, plus the method of imparting knowledge at the time, which consisted of merely learning the material by heart, sometimes using the hardest and most humiliating Coercive means.

He began to reform the teaching and the school, trying to develop the minds of the students, to teach useful knowledge and to promote feeling, taste and morals. His religious instruction , in which he orientated himself on the church teacher Augustine , he gave according to his own written essays with the aim of consolidating the Christian virtues. Outside of school hours, he also gave private lessons and took walks with his students where he Botany mediated and evening astronomy taught. His students, as well as his library and study, were always available to answer questions.

On 10 July 1821 he celebrated his fiftieth official anniversary and received on this occasion by the Grand Duke Ludwig I , the Knight's Cross of the Grand Ducal Baden Zähringer Merit awarded and the philosophical faculty of the University of Heidelberg awarded him the honorary degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

Fonts (selection)

• A conversation about the good application of the youth . Wertheim, 1772.
• Brief history of the Elector Palatinate, Frederick the Victorious, ancestor of the Löwenstein family . Wertheim 1774.
• The life of Cicero after Plutarch , 1st volume. Wertheim 1775.
• The life of Cicero after Plutarch , 2nd volume. Wertheim 1777.
• Moral thoughts from the considerations of the Emperor Marc Aurel Anton the Philosopher , Volume 1. Wertheim 1779.
• On the necessity of a precise connection between private and public education . Wertheim 1784
• Moral thoughts from the considerations of the emperor Marc Aurel Anton the Philosopher , 2nd volume. Wertheim 1789.
• Contribution to the school history of the city of Wertheim . Wertheim 1790.
• Topographical-statistical news from the city of Wertheim, in the county of the same name, in the Franconian district . Nuremberg 1793.
• History of Ludwig, Count of Löwenstein-Wertheim . Wertheim 1794.
• Programma scholasticum, loca selecta e Fabulis Terentii ad institutiomem et formationem juventutis pertinentia illustrans . Wertheim 1799.
• Diatribe scholastica, memoriae Huldrichi Buchneri, AM poetae illustris, praeceptoris olimac Cantoris de republ. Wertheim bene meriti, dedicata Wertheim . Wertheim 1800.
• Admonition speech of Isocrates to the demonic , translated from the Greek, 1st volume. Wertheim 1801.
• Admonition speech of Isocrates to the demonic , translated from the Greek, 2nd volume. Wertheim 1802.
• Album Lycei Wertheim, see Catalogus Auditorum primae Classis per XXX. amnos . Wertheim 1803.
• Dialogues for students studying at grammar schools and Latin schools . Frankfurt am Main near Herman, 1804.
• The life of the elder Cato, after Plutarch , 4 volumes. Wertheim 1804-1808.
• Luther's services to schooling and education in Germany . Wertheim 1809.
• The spirit drawn from the first 6 books of the reflections of the emperor Marc Aurel Antonius on himself . Wertheim 1810.
• About some shortcomings in home education, especially in view of its influence on public educational institutions . Wertheim 1813.

literature

• Johann Friedrich Neidhart in New Nekrolog der Deutschen , 3rd year, 1825, 1st issue, p. 211 f.
• Contribution to the history of the Wertheim High School . An invitation to the 50th anniversary celebration of the rector and professor Johann Friedrich Neidhart on July 10, 1821. Wertheim 1821.
• Johann Friedrich Neidhart . In: Badische Biographien , second volume. Heidelberg 1875. p. 106.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ GEDBAS: Johann Andreas NEIDHARDT. Retrieved November 10, 2019 . 
2. ^ Jacob Nikolaus Neidhardt. In: Merkel-Zeller Genealogy. Retrieved November 11, 2019 . 
3. ^ Fr Cast: Historical and genealogical book of the nobility of the Grand Duchy of Baden . JF Cast, 1845, p. 261 ( limited preview in Google Book search).