Carl von Voit

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Carl v. Voit

Carl Michael Voit , from 1878 Ritter von Voit (also Karl [von] Voit ; born October 31, 1831 in Amberg , † January 31, 1908 in Munich ), was a German physiologist and nutritionist.

Life

Karl Voit, eldest son of the architect and senior building officer August von Voit and his first wife Mathilde, née Burgett, studied medicine at the (today's) Wilhelmsgymnasium in Munich and Würzburg after graduating from high school in 1848 . After receiving his doctorate in 1854 as Dr. med. he initially worked in Max von Pettenkofer's laboratory in Munich, continued his education at Friedrich Wöhler's chemical laboratory in Göttingen , and in 1856 received a position as an assistant at the Physiological Institute of the University of Munich. In 1857 he completed his habilitation at the University of Munich in physiology with Theodor von Bischoff , was initially a private lecturer, from 1860 extraordinary and from 1863 full professor of physiology and curator of the physiological collection. In the academic year 1874/75 he was elected senator, 1878/79 rector and in 1885 appointed chief medical officer. From 1897 to 1900 he was a full member of the Upper Medical Committee.

Karl von Voit is considered to be the founder of modern nutrition. The chemist and physiologist examined (around 1860) together with Max von Pettenkofer metabolic balances . The two Munich scientists showed that living mainly from organic compounds protein bodies ( proteins ), fats and carbohydrates are made up and need them for food. Voit proved that the amount of nitrogen in urine is a measure of protein turnover. With the help of the respiration chamber, he was able to characterize the significance of individual nutrients for human nutrition in more detail and established the Voit diet . He determined the mean daily ration of an adult worker to be 3000 calories. Voit was also very successful as a teacher, the Munich School of Nutrition Science attracted students worldwide. Above all, the development of nutritional science in the USA was first shaped here. In Germany, Max Rubner was Voit's most famous student. Other students were Otto Frank and Hermann von Tappeiner .

Together with Max von Pettenkofer, the pathologist Ludwig von Buhl and the botanist Ludwig Radlkofer , Voit published the “Zeitschrift für Biologie”.

The German Nutrition Society has been awarding the Carl von Voit Medal to distinguished nutrition researchers since 1961.

Carl von Voit had been a member of the Corps Franconia Munich since 1849 . In 1865 he became a member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , and from 1884 secretary of its mathematical-physical class. In 1875 he became a member of the Leopoldina , in 1879 a corresponding member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and 1898 a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences . In 1883 he received the Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art .

In 1860 Karl Voit married the younger sister of his stepmother Ottilie, Laura, née von Hößlin (born April 14, 1831 Augsburg; † July 4, 1910) in Augsburg. The marriage had five daughters and one son.

tomb

Grave of Carl Voit on the old southern cemetery in Munich location

Carl Voit's grave is located in the Old Southern Cemetery in Munich (Grave field 17 - row 12 - place 1/2) location . The tomb was designed by Carl's father August von Voit , who, like other members of the family, lies in the tomb. The execution of the tomb and the marble medallion come from Hermann Oehlmann.

Awards

Fonts

  • Contributions to the nitrogen cycle in the animal organism. Dissertation at the University of Munich in 1857.
  • Physiological-chemical investigations. Habilitation thesis at the Medical Faculty of the University of Munich, 2 parts, Rieger, Augsburg 1857.
  • The laws of nutrition of the carnivore. Leipzig 1860.
  • About the effects of table salt, coffee and muscle movement on the metabolism. Munich 1860.
  • Note about the so-called luxury consumption. Zeitschrift für Biologie, 4, pp. 517-530, 1868.
  • About the food in public institutions. Munich 1876.
  • Examination of the diet in some public institutions. Munich 1877.
  • About the development of knowledge. Munich 1879.
  • Physiology of general metabolism and nutrition. (Volume 6, 1st section of Hermanns Handbuch der Physiologie. ) Leipzig 1881.
  • Journal of Biology (as editor together with Buhl and Max von Pettenkofer ).

literature

  • Edith Heischkel-Artelt : Carl von Voit as the founder of modern nutrition theory , in: Ernähr-Umschau 10, 1963, pp. 232-234 (informative, but hagiographic).
  • Uwe Spiekermann : Paths to the future? Lines of development of nutritional science in the 19th and 20th centuries , in Gesa U. Schönberger, Uwe Spiekermann. (Ed.): The future of nutritional science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg and New York 2000, pp. 23–46.
  • Carl von Voit . In: Rudolf Vierhaus (Ed.): German Biographical Encyclopedia (DBE) . 2., revised. and extended edition. tape 10 : Thies-Zymalkowski . De Gruyter / KG Saur, Berlin / Boston / Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-11-096381-6 , p. 294 .
  • Theophil Gerber: personalities from agriculture, forestry, horticulture and veterinary medicine. In: Biographical Lexicon. 4th ext. Edition, Vol. 2. Nora Verlag, Berlin 2014, p. 824.

Web links

Wikisource: Carl von Voit  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Max Leitschuh: The matriculations of the upper classes of the Wilhelmsgymnasium in Munich. Volume 4, Munich 1976, p. 43.
  2. ^ Otto Westphal , Theodor Wieland , Heinrich Huebschmann: life regulator. Of hormones, vitamins, ferments and other active ingredients. Societäts-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1941 (= Frankfurter Bücher. Research and Life. Volume 1), p. 39.
  3. ^ Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munich, Berlin a. a .; published 1.1865 - 18.1882; NF 1 = 19.1883-84 = 102.1944.1; 103.1949 / 50 - 116.1968 / 71; then show stopped; Volker Klimpel: About the scientific relationships between Max von Pettenkofer and Rudolf Biedermann Günther. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 11, 1993, p. 333.
  4. ↑ Kösener Corpslisten 1930, 108 . 151
  5. ↑ Member entry by Carl von Voit (with picture) at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , accessed on June 18, 2016.
  6. ^ Member entry by Carl von Voit at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on June 18, 2016.
  7. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 248.
  8. ↑ Karoline (* 1862), Friedrich (1863–1944), Emilie (* 1864; married Steinheil), Bertha (* 1866), Louise Auguste (* 1868) and Johanna (* 1870); GEDBAS database 45719 .
  9. ^ Claudia Denk, John Ziesemer: Art and Memoria, The old southern cemetery in Munich. (2014), Grabstätte 111, p. 386 f.
personal data
SURNAME Voit, Carl von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Voit, Carl Michael Ritter von (full name); Voit, Karl Michael; Voit, Carl
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physiologist
DATE OF BIRTH October 31, 1831
PLACE OF BIRTH On the mountain
DATE OF DEATH January 31, 1908
Place of death Munich