On the mountain

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Amberg
On the mountain
Map of Germany, position of the city of Amberg highlighted

Coordinates: 49 ° 27 '  N , 11 ° 51'  E

Basic data
State : Bavaria
Administrative region : Upper Palatinate
Height : 373 m above sea level NHN
Area : 50.14 km 2
Residents: 42,207 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 842 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 92224
Area code : 09621
License plate : AT THE
Community key : 09 3 61 000
LOCODE : DE AMB
NUTS : DE231

City administration address : 		Marktplatz 11
92224 Amberg
Website : www.amberg.de
Lord Mayor : Michael Cerny ( CSU )
Location of the city of Amberg in Bavaria
Weiden in der Oberpfalz Straubing Würzburg Schwabach Schweinfurt Regensburg Rosenheim Nürnberg Nürnberg Passau Landshut Memmingen Kaufbeuren Kempten (Allgäu) Ingolstadt Fürth Hof Erlangen Coburg Bayreuth Bamberg Augsburg München Aschaffenburg Amberg Ansbach Landkreis Würzburg Landkreis Wunsiedel im Fichtelgebirge Landkreis Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen Landkreis Weilheim-Schongau Landkreis Unterallgäu Landkreis Traunstein Landkreis Tirschenreuth Landkreis Straubing-Bogen Landkreis Starnberg Landkreis Schweinfurt Landkreis Schwandorf Landkreis Rottal-Inn Landkreis Roth Landkreis Rosenheim Landkreis Rhön-Grabfeld Landkreis Regensburg Landkreis Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm Landkreis Regen Landkreis Passau Landkreis Ostallgäu Landkreis Oberallgäu Landkreis Nürnberger Land Landkreis Neu-Ulm Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab Landkreis Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim Landkreis Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz Landkreis Neuburg-Schrobenhausen Landkreis München Landkreis Mühldorf am Inn Landkreis Miltenberg Landkreis Miesbach Landkreis Main-Spessart Landkreis Lindau (Bodensee) Landkreis Lichtenfels Landkreis Landshut Landkreis Landsberg am Lech Landkreis Kulmbach Landkreis Kronach Landkreis Kitzingen Landkreis Kelheim Landkreis Hof Landkreis Haßberge Landkreis Günzburg Landkreis Garmisch-Partenkirchen Landkreis Fürth Landkreis Fürstenfeldbruck Landkreis Freyung-Grafenau Landkreis Freising Landkreis Forchheim Landkreis Erlangen-Höchstadt Landkreis Erding Landkreis Eichstätt Landkreis Ebersberg Landkreis Donau-Ries Landkreis Dingolfing-Landau Landkreis Dillingen an der Donau Landkreis Deggendorf Landkreis Dachau Landkreis Coburg Landkreis Cham Landkreis Berchtesgadener Land Landkreis Bayreuth Landkreis Bamberg Landkreis Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen Landkreis Bad Kissingen Landkreis Augsburg Landkreis Aschaffenburg Landkreis Ansbach Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach Landkreis Altötting Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg Bodensee Schweiz Österreich Baden-Württemberg Hessen Tschechien Sachsen Thüringenmap
About this picture

Amberg ( pronunciation ? / I ) is a city in the administrative district of Upper Palatinate in Eastern Bavaria and is part of the Nuremberg Metropolitan Region . It is part of the “ Bayerische Eisenstrasse ” network, which connects historical industrial and cultural monuments between Pegnitz and Regensburg . Audio file / audio sample

geography

The old town, which is one of the best preserved medieval urban complexes in Europe, is located around 60 kilometers east of Nuremberg on the Vils and, together with Weiden, is the seat of the East Bavarian Technical University of Amberg-Weiden . Amberg is the regional center in the middle Upper Palatinate, belongs to the metropolitan region of Nuremberg and is completely enclosed by the district of Amberg-Sulzbach .

City structure

Amberg has 25 districts:

population

The following overview shows the number of inhabitants ( main residences ) according to the respective area.

Population development of Amberg.svg Population development in Amberg - from 1871 onwards
Desc-i.svg
Population development in Amberg according to the table below. Above from 1400 to 2018. Below an excerpt from 1871
year Residents
1400 2,720
1450 2,980
1500 3,180
1550 3,730
1600 4,280
1630 4,910
1648 3,274
1700 3,720
1713 1,900
1750 4,537
1800 5,763
year Residents
1840 11,793
1859 12,312
1871 13.005
1880 14,583
1890 19,126
1900 22,039
1910 25,242
1919 26,009
1925 28,387
1939 31,775
1946 36,795
year Residents
1950 37,920
1960 41,849
1970 41,345
1980 44,264
1990 43.111
2000 43,794
2010 43,755
2014 41,535
2016 42,348
2017 42,248
2020 42,982

In a publication from 2011, the Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing forecast a population of 40,900 for the year 2030.

Religions and belief groups

history

Amberg - View from Mariahilfberg to the old town

Amberg was first mentioned in a document in 1034 as "Ammenberg". In the Middle Ages it was an important hub for iron and iron ore . Between the 14th and 17th centuries, the Amberger Land was one of the centers of iron ore mining in the Upper Palatinate . The smelting took place nearby. The iron was then shipped to Regensburg via the Vils . On the way back - the ships were of horses upriver towed - salt was loaded. Street names such as Salzstadelplatz, Salzgasse, Hallplatz are reminiscent of the salt trade . The first town charter is known from 1294.

From the Hohenstaufen to the Wittelsbacher (1269)

From 1269 the Nordgau , which had previously belonged to Emperor Barbarossa and his descendants from the Staufer family, came under the rule of the Wittelsbachers . In 1329, Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian divided the Wittelsbacher Lands through the house contract of Pavia , whereby the Rheinpfalz and Nordgau fell to the descendants of his brother Rudolf , the now Palatinate line of the Wittelsbachers.

Capital of the Upper Palatinate (1329-1810)

Because of the great distance to Heidelberg , the royal seat of the Electoral Palatinate, a separate government with a governor who resided in Amberg was set up for the part of Bavaria. Amberg thus became the capital of the Upper Palatinate , while the Lower Palatinate was administered in Heidelberg. Ruprecht III. , Elector of the Palatinate and German King from 1400, divided his Palatinate hereditary lands between his four sons in 1410, with the area around his native Amberg as well as around Nabburg, Oberviechtach and Kemnath remaining as Kurpräzipuum in the Rhine Palatinate and administered from Heidelberg, while the others Upper Palatinate territories fell to Johann , who ruled them as Pfalz-Neumarkt from the Pfalzgrafenschloss Neumarkt .

For a short time (1410–1415) Amberg was the seat of a bishop loyal to Rome , Hermann von Hessen, the Pope Gregor XII. had used for the diocese of Regensburg . The then Regensburg shepherd, Bishop Albert III, held - like most German bishops - the Pope Alexander V elected by the Council of Pisa and his successor John XXIII elected in 1409 . for the rightful head of the church.

Electoral palace with "city glasses"
Electoral government chancellery
Electoral armory

In 1417, Elector Ludwig III. build the electoral palace . 1474 took place in Amberg, accompanied by glamorous celebrations, the " Amberg Wedding " between Philip , the son of the Palatinate Elector Ludwig IV , and Margarete , the daughter of the Duke Ludwig IX. from Bayern-Landshut . This event attracted nationwide attention and, in terms of effort, festivities and number of participants, is quite comparable with the Landshut wedding held a year later .

In 1543, Elector Friedrich II brought the government back to Amberg after a temporary relocation to Neumarkt, where he had the electoral government chancellery built in the following years . For three quarters of a century Amberg once again experienced the splendor of a court. Until the death of his father Friedrich III. In 1576 the Lutheran Ludwig VI. electoral governor in Amberg. From 1595 to 1620 the Upper Palatinate was ruled by the Palatinate governor Prince Christian I von Anhalt-Bernburg , who had his official seat in Amberg. The Amberger Zinnblechhandelsgesellschaft existed from 1533 to 1631.

Bavarian rule (1621)

During the Thirty Years' War , Amberg and the Upper Palatinate fell to Bavaria in 1621 and was re-Catholicized after the Palatinate Elector and Bohemian King Friedrich V of the Palatinate was defeated by the Habsburgs allied with Maximilian of Bavaria in the Battle of White Mountain in 1620 . As a result, many Protestants fled to the free imperial cities of Nuremberg and Regensburg . The first Jesuits came to Amberg in 1621, accompanied by the Bavarian troops, where in 1624 they were assigned the parish of St. George's Church. In 1626 they founded a grammar school with a clerical seminar there , the Jesuit college in Amberg , which moved into a large new building built in 1665.

Amberg, made rich through iron ore mining, afforded a gigantic city fortification. It must have been so terrifying at the time that it was never seriously besieged until 1703 (during the War of the Spanish Succession , Amberg was occupied by imperial troops after several weeks of siege ). The Ambergers protected over 100 towers and several kilometers of double-row city walls. The entire city became a water fortress thanks to the city moat, which was always filled and dammed. The mayor Michael Schwaiger wrote in his Chronica Amberg 1564: "Munich is the most beautiful, Leipzig is the richest, Amberg is the most solid princes".

On August 24, 1796, the city became one of the focal points of the coalition wars , and the battle of Amberg went down in history. Archduke Charles of Austria defeated the French army under General Jean-Baptiste Jourdan .

Government seat to Regensburg (1810)

In the years 1806 to 1808 the Kingdom of Bavaria was divided into 15 (state) districts, whose names were based on rivers. Amberg was the capital of the "Naabkreis". As early as 1810, it was incorporated into the Regenkreis, and Regensburg became its capital. In 1837 the Regenkreis was largely absorbed in what is now the Upper Palatinate administrative region.

During the Nazi era , the city of Amberg was no exception to the situation in the entire country. Since the majority of the population consisted of practicing Catholics and the Catholic Church met the National Socialist rulers with suspicion, the NSDAP achieved lower electoral successes than the national average in Amberg until 1933 in favor of the church-related BVP ; after taking power in 1933, however, the National Socialists had approval rates of 90% for votes. Against anti-church actions of the Nazis the resistance of the Amberg citizens stirred up, around 1941 at a protest demonstration of about 500 people against the "crucifix decree" of the minister of education, through which the crucifixes should be removed from the schools. On the other hand, the measures taken by the regime against the population group that suffered most from the persecution, namely the Jews, were accepted by the majority of the Christian population without any protest. In 1933 there were still 64 Jews living in Amberg . This small Jewish community, only 0.2% of the population, was completely crushed by May 1943: Seventeen Amberg Jews emigrated, twenty-three moved to other German cities, eleven died in Amberg. The remaining thirteen were deported to the Theresienstadt and Piaski ghettos near Lublin . On March 21, 2012, 15 stumbling blocks were laid in memory of the Amberg Jews persecuted during the National Socialist era.

At the beginning of the Nazi tyranny, political opponents of the regime were imprisoned in Amberg prison, 46 of whom fell victim to terrorism. In the Katharinenfriedhof a memorial stone commemorates 23 named victims. There is a mass grave for 300 Soviet prisoners of war and 293 other victims of the Nazi regime, who are remembered with memorial plaques.

110 people were killed in two air raids on April 9 and 11, 1945. On April 22, 1945, the city was handed over to the US Army without a fight .

Modern times (from 1945)

After 1945 the population rose from 32,000 to 44,000 due to the arrival of refugees. The resulting housing shortage was eased in the 1960s by the extensive "demonstrative construction program" (demo) in the south of Amberg. The renovation of the old town began in the 1970s. On July 1, 1972, on the occasion of the regional reform, the places Ammersricht, Gailoh , Karmensölden and Raigering as well as parts of the area of ​​the municipality of Traßlberg were incorporated. In 1995 the Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Amberg-Weiden (OTH) started teaching. In 1996 the Bavarian State Garden Show took place in Amberg . A highlight in 2003 was the Bavarian State Exhibition of the House of Bavarian History "The Winter King - The Last Elector from the Upper Palatinate" in the Amberg City Museum.

garrison

Amberg was an important garrison town for centuries , with barracks since 1716 . The Bavarian 10th Line Infantry Regiment was stationed there from 1796 to 1806, then the Royal Bavarian 10th Infantry Regiment until 1848 and the Royal Bavarian 6th Infantry Regiment from 1849 to 1919 . In 1889 it moved into the new barracks (later Kaiser Wilhelm barracks ). In 1914 the barracks intended for the Royal Bavarian 3rd Field Artillery Regiment were completed (later Leopold barracks ).

From 1801 to 1919, Amberg housed the Königlich Bayerische Gewehrfabrik , one of four German rifle factories (on the site of today's DEPRAG).

In the time of National Socialism , the armament of the Wehrmacht brought another barracks for the artillery (in the southwest of the city near the Sebastianskirche), the Ritter-von-Möhl barracks , which opened in 1935 . During this time, the two existing barracks were given the names Kaiser-Wilhelm-Kaserne (infantry barracks) and Metzer Kaserne (older artillery barracks).

After the end of the Second World War in 1945, Amberg belonged to the American zone of occupation . The US Army used the existing barracks; from 1952 to 1992 the US base Pond Barracks existed in the former Möhl barracks; The civil residential area Sebastian with the district center and the combined heat and power plant taken over by the Army was developed from the site.

From the 1950s onwards, the Bergsteig district was built on the site of the former Army auxiliary equipment office of the Wehrmacht.

In 1951/54 departments of the Federal Border Guard were set up in Amberg ; The first units of the Bundeswehr were formed from members of the BGS who had converted .

Over the decades of the Cold War , Amberg was an important location for the 4th Panzer Grenadier Division (or 4th Jägerdivision) with the command of the 12th Panzer Brigade .

Amberg had by the end of 2018 another army barracks, Leopold barracks, until the first half of 2018, the seat of Staff of the Armored Brigade 12 "Oberpfalz" , a military police service commands and a branch of the MAD remained subheading. 6

The grounds and buildings of the Bundeswehr hospital, which existed until 2007, are used for apartments and businesses. One building is used by the Bundeswehr for the on-site medical center. The day clinic and the outpatient department for child and adolescent psychiatry in Amberg were housed there until 2017. The newly founded Bavarian State Office for Nursing has been set up there since 2018.

The area of ​​the former Kaiser Wilhelm barracks has been the campus of the East Bavarian Technical University Amberg - Weiden since 1995 and is also used by the Amberg technology department and the technology transfer center.

The Bundeswehr Service Center Amberg is responsible for the area of ​​the districts and cities of Amberg-Sulzbach, Bayreuth, Neustadt an der Waldnaab, Weiden, Grafenwöhr, Schwandorf, Hof, Kulmbach and Kronach. It will remain in Amberg beyond 2018 with soldiers and civilian workers. The Schweppermann barracks with the Freihöls training area, in which the logistics battalion 472 is stationed, is located in the neighboring municipality of Kümmersbruck . Amberg is the seat of the district liaison command to the city of Amberg and the district liaison command to the district of Amberg-Sulzbach.

politics

City council election 2020
Turnout: 47.1% (2014: 46.5%)
 %
50
40
30th
20th
10
0
42.6
13.9
11.4
6.3
2.4
7.3
11.3
5.0
Gains and losses
compared to 2014
 % p
 12
 10
   8th
   6th
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
  -6
  -8th
-10
-12
-14
-16
-4.0
-14.9
+5.1
+0.2
-0.9
+2.5
+11.3
+0.9
Template: election chart / maintenance / notes
Remarks:
g THE LIST Amberg
h Amberger Bunt

City council

The city council is the municipal representative of the city of Amberg. The citizens decide on the allocation of the 40 seats every six years. The last election took place on March 15, 2020.

Allocation of seats from 2020 in the city council of Amberg
        
A total of 40 seats

Lord Mayor

Town twinning

Amberg maintains partnerships with the following cities and municipalities:

Sponsorship

coat of arms

Coat of arms of the independent city of Amberg
 Blazon : "Divided by black and silver, above a red-crowned and red-armored, golden lion growing out of the dividing line, at the bottom a diagonally blue awakened ."
Justification of the coat of arms: The Palatinate Lion stands for the earlier affiliation of the city to the Electoral Palatinate or Upper Palatinate, the (white-blue) Bavarian Wecken for Bavaria.

Culture and sights

City Theatre

Since 1803 Amberg has had a theater in the former Gothic church of St. Bernardin of the Franciscan monastery, which was abolished during the secularization . The city of Amberg has been responsible for the theater since 1872. In 1953 the theater had to be stopped for fire protection reasons, but after a comprehensive renovation the city theater has been in operation again since 1978. The Amberg City Theater does not have its own ensemble, but guest performances are held regularly.

music

Concert events

Sound body

Ensembles in larger cast. More music groups here.

Museums

Amberg City Museum

Amberg City Museum (entrance)

The collections of the Amberg City Museum include exhibits that illustrate the history of the city and the electoral residence of the Upper Palatinate , departments that deal with handicrafts and industry in Amberg and their history, especially the earthenware and faience production , which has been around since the 18th century Century was operated in a large Amberg manufactory until 1911 , as well as the local enamel industry in the 19th and 20th centuries.

There is also a section that shows the history of clothing from the Biedermeier period to the present day. The most important collection of his works is dedicated to the painter, graphic artist and caricaturist Michael Mathias Prechtl , who was born in Amberg . Changing exhibitions are shown in the city museum, including the state exhibition of the House of Bavarian History The Winter King about the life of Frederick V of the Palatinate in 2003.

Art exhibitions Alte Feuerwache

In the basement of the Alte Feuerwache building in the Amberg City Museum, changing art exhibitions (mostly a group of Amberg artists) can be viewed.

Air Museum

Amberg has been an aerial art location since the founding of the air museum in Klösterl am Eichenforst in 2006 by the artist Wilhelm Koch. The city of Amberg supports the museum initiative of the Luftmuseum e. V. by renting the Castel Sant'Angelo from the 14th century. On display are exhibits that technically work or are operated with air, as well as art, design and architecture objects that deal with the topic of air.

Amberg Military Museum

Since the garrison in the Leopold barracks was closed at the end of 2018, the military history collection on the Amberg garrison history, which was previously housed in the Amberg Leopold Barracks, has found its place in the area of ​​the Amberg Bundeswehr Service Center on a floor of the former Royal Bavarian Provision Office. The historical tank inventory of the Leopold Barracks (five vehicles) was taken over in 2016 by the Swabian Farm and Technology Museum in Seifertshofen.

Buildings

Historical profane buildings

City wall with moat
The city ​​glasses , the symbol of Amberg. The third arch on the left was only "rediscovered" a few years ago. The Kurfürstl borders on the left. Locked up, on the right the armory.
Market square with Gothic town hall
  • The Old Town is surrounded by an almost perfectly preserved medieval ring wall with four gates today: Nabburger Gate , Brick Gate , Vilstor and Wingershofer gate .
  • A special feature is the so-called Stadtbrille , a fifth gate over the river Vils . The medieval city wall spans the river in two arches; one of the pillars stands in the water, so that the two arches with their reflection in the water complement each other to two adjacent circles, which led to the name. The third arch on solid ground, covered by a bulwark, but walled up for a long time, was reopened and the original state was restored. Many Ambergers initially perceived this as the “destruction” of the typical two-lobed “glasses”.
  • Gothic town hall
  • The Electoral Palace was the seat of government of the Count Palatine. Elector Ludwig III. had it built in 1417. Elector Friedrich I converted it into a fortress. Today the building complex is used as a district office.
  • Former electoral armory
  • Former electoral government chancellery , Renaissance building with a bay window that is well worth seeing
  • Old fortress , the core of the Gothic building and the first electoral court
  • "Klösterl", Gothic building and part of the former electoral residence
  • With the historic " Eh'häusl ", Amberg owns one of the smallest hotels in the world.
  • Fronfeste: Stately prison of high or blood jurisdiction for "maleficent criminals". Built 1763–1767. Torture and executions there (1854–1935). One of the inmates was the writer Oskar Panizza . There were also imprisonments during the Third Reich . It operated as a prison until the late 1950s. It has been a listed hotel since 2013 and has received numerous awards.
    Picture of the Fronfeste 2007 before renovation
  • The “whale house” takes its name from two figures below the gable, which depict how the prophet Jonah is first devoured by a whale and then spat out again. The figures date from the 17th century.
Whale house

Modern profane buildings

In the Bergsteig district there is the so-called glassmaker's cathedral , the former Thomas-Glaswerk (today Kristallglasfabrik Amberg GmbH & Co. KG), which was planned by Walter Gropius (TAC - The Architects Collaborative Inc.) on behalf of Rosenthal AG from 1967 . It was the last work by Gropius, who did not see completion in 1970. The building is registered as an individual monument in the Bavarian list of monuments.

Churches

St. Martin's Basilica

Monasteries

Sculpture path

The Amberg Sculpture Path is located on the former site of the State Garden Show .

Archives and Libraries

State Archives Amberg

The State Archive Amberg is the Bavarian State Archive responsible for the Upper Palatinate administrative region . It preserves the entire records of all state authorities and institutions of the Upper Palatinate administrative district and their forerunners, as well as the monasteries, lordships and court brands from the Middle Ages to the 20th century. The State Archives are located in Amberg at Archivstrasse 3.

Amberg City Archives

The city archives keep historical documents of the city's history. At its core it goes back to the registry under the direction of the council . These include parchment documents, official books and invoices. In addition, the Amberg City Archive houses extensive bequests and deposits . The holdings of the city archive include all the daily newspapers published in Amberg, a collection of posters and plans and an extensive picture archive.

State Library (Provincial Library)

Provincial Library (extension)

The State Library ( Provincial Library Amberg ) is located in Amberg . It was founded in 1803 in the course of secularization . Your old book stocks come from the Jesuit College Amberg and the abandoned monasteries Ensdorf , Michelfeld , Reichenbach , Speinshart , Walderbach and Waldsassen . The library's first location was in the abandoned Salesian Convent , and the inventory was around 50,000 books. In 1815 around 16,500 books were destroyed in a fire. In 1826 the library finally moved to its current location in the Maltese building. From 2001 to 2003 renovation and extension measures were carried out. The book inventory is constantly expanding and includes all scientific areas, with the focus on the humanities. Today the library owns around 120,000 media, including around 115,000 books and 100 magazines.

Amberg City Library

The Amberg City Library is housed in the city center in the Raseliushaus and contains around 50,000 media. In 1947 the city council decided to build a public library, which was opened in 1950 in the Klösterl am Eichenforst as the Amberg public library. In 1951 the books of the Amerikahaus, which had been in the casino on Schrannenplatz from 1946 until then, were added to the holdings of the city library, which was later known as the “city library”.

Library of the East Bavarian Technical University

The Amberg-Weiden university library was founded in 1994 in connection with the Amberg-Weiden University of Applied Sciences and is spread across both locations. The book inventory located in Amberg is based in its specialist areas on the technical subjects taught here (electrical engineering and information technology, mechanical engineering, media production and media technology, patent engineering, applied computer science, environmental technology). The total inventory of the library at both locations currently comprises almost 50,000 items.

nature

Renatured river landscape south of the old town for the State Garden Show 1996.

Protected areas

In the city there are five landscape protection areas , one FFH area and at least one geotope designated by the Bavarian State Office for the Environment (as of April 2016).

See also

graveyards

In the area of ​​the city of Amberg there are six cemeteries with a total area of ​​14.6 hectares.

Catherine Cemetery

Located on the edge of the former city limits, Amberg's largest cemetery can be reached via Katharinenfriedhofstrasse. In the Katharinenfriedhof there are soldier graves from the First and Second World Wars as well as a memorial plaque for those killed in the tank brigade 12. A memorial plaque commemorates 293 people from the east who died in Amberg during the Second World War and were buried in the Katharinenfriedhof. Other memorial plaques with the names remind of people from the East who were buried in an unknown burial place between 1943 and 1953. The grave of honor of Michael Mathias Prechtl is located in the Katharinenfriedhof .

Trinity Cemetery

The Trinity Cemetery is located in the city center between Regensburger and Raígeringer Strasse.

Ammersricht cemetery

The cemetery for the Ammersricht district is on Friedensstrasse.

Luitpoldhöhe cemetery

The cemetery for the Luitpoldhöhe district is located on Selgradstrasse.

Forest cemetery

The forest cemetery is accessible via the valley path in the Raigering district.

Israelite cemetery

At the end of Philipp-Melanchthon-Straße is the Jewish cemetery . There are graves of 16 Jewish victims of Nazi terror .

Events (selection)

  • Old town festival (June), diverse musical performances (jazz, rock, folk music, classical), gastronomy
  • Bergfest (see above)
  • Brunnenfest (since 2001, every two years), medieval market , performances, pageant with reference to the city's history (especially the Amberg wedding , see above)
  • Dult (annually, June and September / October)
  • Air night with performances by air artists (starting from the air museum, see above)
  • Summer festival in the inner courtyard of the city library: 6 events (theater, music and cabaret) annually at the end of July / August
  • Pottery and Krügl market around Georgi (end of April)
  • Christmas market in the Advent season
  • World theater “The Autumn of the Winter King”, every five years on the Mariahilfberg

Economy and Infrastructure

In 2016, Amberg generated a gross domestic product (GDP) of € 2.216 billion within the city limits . In the same year, GDP per capita was € 52,635 (Bavaria: € 44,215 / Germany € 38,180) and thus well above the regional and national average. In 2017 there were around 35,800 employed people in the city. The unemployment rate was 3.8% in December 2018.

In the future atlas 2019, the city of Amberg was ranked 159 out of 401 districts, municipal associations and cities in Germany and is therefore one of the regions with “balanced opportunities / risks” for the future.

traffic

Road traffic

Amberg can be reached via the A 6 with the junctions Amberg-West, Amberg-Süd and Amberg-Ost.

Furthermore, the federal highway 85 ( Bayreuth –Amberg– Schwandorf - Cham - Passau ) and the B 299 ( Landshut - Neumarkt –Amberg– Falkenberg ) intersect .

Rail transport

Amberg train station

The connection to the Bavarian railway network took place in 1859. From the Amberg station, opened on December 12, 1859 by the AG der Bayerischen Ostbahnen , there are currently direct connections to Nuremberg and Schwandorf ( railway line Nuremberg – Schwandorf ) every hour and to Regensburg . Until December 2012, direct trains ran to Prague (Praha). Of the three railway lines to Lauterhofen , Schmidmühlen and Schnaittenbach that were opened between 1898 and 1910, only the one to Schnaittenbach is still in operation for freight traffic. The routes to Schmidmühlen and Lauterhofen have been converted into cycle paths.

Local transport

The station is the central hub between Deutsche Bahn and the city and intercity buses . The rail and bus networks are part of the transport association for the greater Nuremberg area (VGN) and the Regensburg transport association (RVV).

Bus station

The fourteen city bus routes, the yellow city buses, are used by 20 buses every half hour. The longest line is the 2 from Amberg to Ammersricht with 25 stops and a length of 5.4 kilometers. In 2009 line 14 was added to the forest cemetery. The operation leads the company since 1975, Linz ; three lines are used by the Reichert company .

The Amberg bus station was expanded in 1999 and expanded in 2005 so that all city and intercity buses can drive to the 20 bays.

Air traffic

About two kilometers west of the center of Amberg is the Rammertshof glider airfield with the coordinates 49 26 25.2 N / 11 48 41.8 E.

The international airport Nuremberg is located 68 km west of Amberg and can be reached by car in about 40 minutes via the federal motorway 6 . By train via Nuremberg main station and the underground line U2, the travel time from Amberg station to Nuremberg Airport is around 70 minutes.

Local businesses

The largest employer is Siemens AG , which, with over 5000 employees in Amberg, manufactures electromechanical switching devices ( contactors , overload relays and command devices) and programmable logic controllers . Another large company is Grammer AG . It produces driver and passenger seats as well as components for car interiors. Other companies in the region, which is otherwise characterized by small and medium- sized enterprises, are active in the areas of information technology, metal industry and mechanical engineering ( Deprag Schulz ). Glass ( Nachtmann Bleikristallwerke , Riedel Glas ) also traditionally plays a role.

The Kurfürstenbad of Stadtwerke Amberg

As a shareholder, the city ​​of Amberg has transferred certain municipal obligations to Stadtwerke Amberg Holding GmbH . Its subsidiary Stadtwerke Ambergversorgung GmbH operates the electricity, gas and water supply network and also provides electricity, gas, water and heat. Stadtwerke Amberg Bäder und Park GmbH, which operates two swimming pools and two parking garages in the city, is also affiliated with the holding company.

Mining

Amberg has played a central role in mining throughout Europe since the Middle Ages. Iron was mined in the surrounding tunnels, which made the city very rich. The several kilometers long city fortifications from the late Middle Ages with over 100 towers, some of which are still preserved today, were financed by the money earned from iron ore mining, iron processing and iron trading. Slag was found in the old town as traces of early iron processing. The town's mining importance declined in the Thirty Years' War , reappeared in the 19th century and ended after the Second World War because of cheaper iron from other countries and the exhaustion of the known ore deposits. During the Nazi era , Amberg was one of five locations of the Reichswerke Hermann Göring . The last iron ore was mined in Amberg in 1964; the blast furnace of the Luitpoldhütte was in operation until 1968.

Breweries

In the late Middle Ages, Amberg was home to over 30 breweries (mostly small, family or house breweries). Up until the 1970s there were ten large breweries in the city at the same time (Amberg Brewery, Bruckmüller Brewery, Falk Brewery, Jordan-Bräu, Kummert Brewery, Malteser Brewery, Schießl Brewery, Sterk Brewery, Wingershof Brewery, Winkler Brewery), which means Amberg for centuries Europe-wide as the city with the most breweries (in relation to the number of inhabitants). Today the breweries Bruckmüller, Kummert, Sterk and Winkler still exist, some of which still produce beer of the previous brands. Small breweries have been added, such as the Sudhang brewery or the Schloderer gastronomic brewery. The largest beer festival in Amberg is the Bergfest, where all breweries pitch their tents in front of the Maria-Hilf-Kirche at the end of June / beginning of July for a pilgrimage . Since 2015 there has also been the Amberg Beer Festival in which all Amberg breweries take part. The name of a restaurant is reminiscent of the former Schieferl brewery. There are several small breweries in the Amberg area, for which Amberg is an important sales market. These include B. the Märkl brewery from Freudenberg or the Dorfner castle brewery from Hirschau .

media

The Amberger Zeitung is the local daily newspaper. She is part of the publishing house Der neue Tag . The " Mittelbayerische Zeitung for the Vilstal and the southern district of Amberg-Sulzbach" has been reporting as a daily newspaper since 2006 from the Amberg region. It was previously published under the title "Amberger Nachrichten".

The local radio station Radio Ramasuri , based in Weiden, has also been supplying the Amberg region with local information on the FM frequency 103.9 since 1990. The youth format Radio Galaxy broadcasts on the FM frequency 105.5 for Amberg and the surrounding area. The American radio broadcasts from AFN - The Eagle , as well as broadcasts from the Czech Radio Egrensis, the Regensburg Radio Charivari , the Bavarian Radio , the Deutschlandradios and the Antenne Bayern in Amberg and in the district of Amberg-Sulzbach can be received on VHF.

The regional television broadcaster Oberpfalz TV (OTV) has been based in the city since 1996 . It offers programs and news for the central and northern Upper Palatinate.

With the Buch & Kunstverlag Oberpfalz there is a book publisher in Amberg that focuses on the publication of regionalia .

Authorities and public institutions

Amberg District Court

fire Department

Amberg fire station

The fire station has been based on Schießstätteweg since 1981 . The volunteer fire brigade , which has around 100 active members and has been under the direction of City Fire Chief Bernhard Strobl since 1997 , employs eight full-time workers and is one of the largest volunteer fire brigades in Bavaria. The Integrated Control Center (ILS) Amberg, established in 2014, is located next to the fire station and is responsible for alerting the ambulance service and alerting the fire departments in the districts of Amberg-Sulzbach and Schwandorf and the city of Amberg. The fire brigade is particularly innovative in the area of ​​the swap body system . A " fire fighting train for dangerous goods " is stationed in Amberg , which, like the roll-off containers , can be requested in the supra-regional area. In addition to the fire brigade of the city of Amberg, there are four district brigades in Ammersricht, Gailoh, Karmensölden and Raigering. In 2009 the Amberg fire brigade hosted the German Youth Fire Brigade Day (September 3–6, 2009).

education

Amberg is a designated school town. In addition to eight elementary and middle schools, a Montessori school , two special schools, eight vocational schools, an adult education center, a parenting school and several music schools, the following schools exist in Amberg:

Solar construction obligation

On December 16, 2019, the city council of Amberg unanimously passed a solar construction obligation : “In the future, an obligation for PV and solar thermal systems is to be introduced in all building plans. In justified exceptional cases, such as in the old town or for reasons of the landscape, this can be deviated from. "

Personalities

literature

  • 975 years of Amberg. A city in the middle of the historic North Gau. Festschrift 38th Bayerischer Nordgautag, editor: Elisabeth Vogl among colleagues. by Margit Berwing-Wittl and Manfred Knedlik. Regensburg 2009.
  • Karl-Otto Ambronn, Achim Fuchs, Heinrich Wanderwitz (eds.): Amberg 1034–1984. From a thousand years of city history. Catalog for the exhibition on the occasion of the 950th anniversary. Amberg 1984, ISBN 3-924707-00-6 .
  • Franz X. Bogner: City and district - Amberg and Sulzbach from the air. Battenberg-Verlag, Regenstaufg 2019, ISBN 978-3-95587-066-9
  • Hans Bungert, Franz Prechtl (Ed.): A millennium Amberg. (= Series of publications of the University of Regensburg. Volume 11). Mittelbayerische Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Regensburg 1985, ISBN 3-921114-60-8 .
  • Amberg in the Upper Palatinate. Published by the City Council of Amberg. edited by City Planning Officer Engelhardt. German Architecture and Industry Publishing House (DARI), Berlin 1927.
  • Dieter Dörner: Jews in Amberg, Jews in Bavaria. Publishing house d. Buchhandlung Eckhard Bodner, Pressath 2003, ISBN 3-937117-01-6 .
  • Dieter Dörner: Jews in Amberg. Decline and new beginning 1933–1942–1945. Bodner, Pressath 2006, ISBN 3-937117-41-5 .
  • Rita Hannig: Glass chronology of Northeast Bavaria from the 14th to the early 17th century. Selected excavation finds from Amberg and Regensburg (Upper Palatinate). (= Monographs of the Archaeological State Collection Munich. Volume 3). Greiner, Remshalden 2009, ISBN 978-3-86705-027-2 .
  • On the mountain. In: Ricarda Huch: In the old kingdom. Images of life in German cities. Volume 3: The South. Bremen 1927, pp. 215-226.
  • Hans Hummel: Amberg opens the door and gate. A city walk. City-guide. Buch & Kunstverlag Oberpfalz, Amberg 2003, ISBN 3-935719-13-2 .
  • Johannes Laschinger : Amberg. The electoral capital and government city of the Upper Palatinate. (= Bavarian city pictures ). Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-09-303880-4 .
  • Johannes Laschinger (Ed.): Ammenberg becomes Amberg. Historical lectures from 975 years of Amberg history (= contributions to the history and culture of the city of Amberg. Volume 5). Amberg City Archives, Amberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-924707-09-5 , pp. 104-141.
  • Johannes Laschinger: Amberg. Small city history. Pustet-Verlag, Regensburg 2015, ISBN 978-3-7917-2652-6 .
  • Felix Mader: City of Amberg (= The art monuments of Bavaria. Row 2: The art monuments of Upper Palatinate and Regensburg. Volume XVI). Reprint of the Munich edition 1909. Oldenbourg, Munich 1981, ISBN 3-486-50446-0 .
  • Günther Rambach: Swastika and Martinskirche. Fateful years in the Upper Palatinate 1933–1959. Self-published, 2010, ISBN 978-3-00-031635-7 .
  • Günther Rambach: The 50s in Amberg and the Upper Palatinate. Politics. Military. Everyday life. Ironworks. Kümmersbruck 2013, ISBN 978-3-00-042884-5 .
  • Bernhard Setzwein , Günter Moser: The city on the Vils. On the mountain. Image-text tape. Buch- und Kunstverlag Oberpfalz, Amberg 2000, ISBN 3-924350-88-4 .

Web links

Commons : Amberg  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Amberg  - travel guide
Wikisource: Amberg in the Topographia Bavariae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ^ City administration Amberg: Lord Mayor. Retrieved May 15, 2020 .
  3. ↑ Source: Statistical Yearbook of the City of Amberg ( Memento of October 18, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 1.9 MB), 13th edition, 2010/2011, p. 28.
  4. ↑ Forecast of the Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing. See: Regionalized population projection for Bavaria up to 2030. Demographic profile for the district-free city of Amberg (PDF; 1.7 MB), Munich 2011, p. 5.
  5. ↑ Amberg Christian Center. Retrieved May 25, 2017 .
  6. ↑ Yazidis are looking for a club.
  7. ^ Heinrich Gottfried Philipp Gengler: Regesta and documents on the constitutional and legal history of German cities in the Middle Ages. Erlangen 1863, pp. 32-42.
  8. ↑ See Bauerreis: Church history of Bavaria. Volume V.
  9. ^ Rolf Heyers: Dr. Georg Marius, called Mayer von Würzburg (1533–1606). (Dental) medical dissertation Würzburg 1957, p. 38 f.
  10. ↑ oberpfalznetz.de .
  11. ↑ a b Memorials for the Victims of National Socialism. A documentation, volume 1. Federal Agency for Civic Education, Bonn 1995, ISBN 3-89331-208-0 , p. 113.
  12. ^ Toni Siegert: End of the war in 1945 in northeast Bavaria . Bodner, Pressath 1995, ISBN 3-926817-38-0 .
  13. ↑ Sebastian Regulator: The end of the war in Amberg 1945 . Mayr, Amberg 1995.
  14. ↑ Johannes Laschinger : Amberg in the high and late Middle Ages. Retrieved May 9, 2020 .
  15. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . C. H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 600 .
  16. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 638 .
  17. ↑ amberg.de: City Council Election Amberg 2020 - Results
  18. ↑ Sister cities.
  19. ↑ Entry on Amberg's coat of arms  in the database of the House of Bavarian History , accessed on September 6, 2017 .
  20. ↑ Timeline & coat of arms at www.amberg.de.
  21. ↑ Internet presence of the Air Museum , last accessed on January 8, 2008.
  22. ↑ remszeitung.de: Heavy new additions to the museum
  23. ↑ Mittelbayerische.de: The solution for the collection has been found
  24. ↑ https://www.hotel-fronfeste.de/ and Hannelore Zapf: The Amberger Fronfeste tells. Self-published brochure. 5/2015 www.stadtLUPE-amberg.de
  25. ↑ welttheater.amberg.de
  26. ↑ Current results - VGR dL. Retrieved January 7, 2019 .
  27. ↑ State of Bavaria. Federal Employment Agency, accessed on January 7, 2019 .
  28. ↑ Future Atlas 2019. Retrieved on May 5, 2020 .
  29. ↑ siemens.de: Amberg
  30. ↑ FOCUS Online: City of Amberg: Let's go to the 3rd Amberg Beer Festival - the start is on Friday, April 27, with the band Philharmenka - Couplet AG and the Niederbayerische Musikantenstammtisch set the end . In: FOCUS Online . ( focus.de [accessed on May 3, 2018]).
  31. ↑ Compulsory solar construction in Amberg - Solarenergie-Förderverein Deutschland (SFV) - solar energy, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, hydropower, biomass residues and electricity storage for the energy transition. Retrieved January 18, 2020 .
  32. ↑ Resolution proposal . In: www.amberg.de. December 3, 2019, accessed January 18, 2020 .
  33. ↑ Concept for sustainable building in the city of Amberg. In: www.amberg.de. December 4, 2019, accessed January 18, 2020 .
  34. ↑ Public notice. I hereby invite you to a public meeting of the city council on Monday, December 16, 2019 at 5:00 p.m. in the Großer Rathaussaal. : Agenda: ... In: www.amberg.de. December 6, 2019, accessed January 18, 2020 .