Garmisch-Partenkirchen district

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the Garmisch-Partenkirchen district Map of Germany, position of the Garmisch-Partenkirchen district highlighted

Coordinates: 47 ° 34 '  N , 11 ° 8'  E

Basic data
State : Bavaria
Administrative region : Upper Bavaria
Administrative headquarters : Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Area : 1,012.22 km 2
Residents: 88,424 (Dec 31, 2019)
Population density : 87 inhabitants per km 2
License plate : Cap
Circle key : 09 1 80
NUTS : DE21D
Circle structure: 22 municipalities
Address of the
district administration: 		Olympiastraße 10
82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Website : www.lra-gap.de
District Administrator : Anton Speer ( Free Voters )
Location of the Garmisch-Partenkirchen district in Bavaria
Weiden in der Oberpfalz Straubing Würzburg Schwabach Schweinfurt Regensburg Rosenheim Nürnberg Nürnberg Passau Landshut Memmingen Kaufbeuren Kempten (Allgäu) Ingolstadt Fürth Hof Erlangen Coburg Bayreuth Bamberg Augsburg München Aschaffenburg Amberg Ansbach Landkreis Würzburg Landkreis Wunsiedel im Fichtelgebirge Landkreis Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen Landkreis Weilheim-Schongau Landkreis Unterallgäu Landkreis Traunstein Landkreis Tirschenreuth Landkreis Straubing-Bogen Landkreis Starnberg Landkreis Schweinfurt Landkreis Schwandorf Landkreis Rottal-Inn Landkreis Roth Landkreis Rosenheim Landkreis Rhön-Grabfeld Landkreis Regensburg Landkreis Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm Landkreis Regen Landkreis Passau Landkreis Ostallgäu Landkreis Oberallgäu Landkreis Nürnberger Land Landkreis Neu-Ulm Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab Landkreis Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim Landkreis Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz Landkreis Neuburg-Schrobenhausen Landkreis München Landkreis Mühldorf am Inn Landkreis Miltenberg Landkreis Miesbach Landkreis Main-Spessart Landkreis Lindau (Bodensee) Landkreis Lichtenfels Landkreis Landshut Landkreis Landsberg am Lech Landkreis Kulmbach Landkreis Kronach Landkreis Kitzingen Landkreis Kelheim Landkreis Hof Landkreis Haßberge Landkreis Günzburg Landkreis Garmisch-Partenkirchen Landkreis Fürth Landkreis Fürstenfeldbruck Landkreis Freyung-Grafenau Landkreis Freising Landkreis Forchheim Landkreis Erlangen-Höchstadt Landkreis Erding Landkreis Eichstätt Landkreis Ebersberg Landkreis Donau-Ries Landkreis Dingolfing-Landau Landkreis Dillingen an der Donau Landkreis Deggendorf Landkreis Dachau Landkreis Coburg Landkreis Cham Landkreis Berchtesgadener Land Landkreis Bayreuth Landkreis Bamberg Landkreis Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen Landkreis Bad Kissingen Landkreis Augsburg Landkreis Aschaffenburg Landkreis Ansbach Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach Landkreis Altötting Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg Bodensee Schweiz Österreich Baden-Württemberg Hessen Tschechien Sachsen Thüringenmap
About this picture
Wetterstein Mountains from the east
Staffelsee

The district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen is located in the southwest of the Bavarian administrative district of Upper Bavaria .

geography

location

The southern part of the district, the Werdenfelser Land , is partly high alpine with the rock massifs of the Karwendel and Wetterstein mountains ( Zugspitze at 2962  m as the highest mountain in Germany) and lies on the border with Tyrol in Austria. To the north the mountains descend to the pre-alpine hilly landscape of the Pfaffenwinkel with lakes and extensive moors.

Neighboring areas

The district borders clockwise in the west, beginning with the districts of Ostallgäu , Weilheim-Schongau and Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen .

In the south it borders on the Austrian state of Tyrol with the districts of Innsbruck-Land , Imst and Reutte .

history

Before 1800

Around 1000 the area was owned by the Guelphs , who also built Werdenfels Castle . In 1249 the Hochstift Freising acquired the Guelph property as well as in 1294 the counties Mittenwald and Partenkirchen and formed from this the county Werdenfels , which was directly imperial and was only dissolved in the secularization in 1803 .

district Court

The area came to Bavaria, which in 1803 established the Werdenfels district court , which initially belonged to the Innkreis and from 1814 to the Isarkreis (which has been called Upper Bavaria since 1838 ).

District Office

The Werdenfels district office followed the same area as the Werdenfels district court in 1862 . On October 20, 1879, it was renamed "Garmisch District Office". On January 1, 1913, the Garmisch district office received the municipalities of Kohlgrub and Saulgrub from the Schongau district office.

After the unification of the places Garmisch and Partenkirchen, which became effective on January 1, 1935, the district office was also given the double name Garmisch-Partenkirchen.

district

On January 1, 1939, the designation district was introduced as everywhere else in the German Reich . The district office became the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen.

As part of the regional reform , the Garmisch-Partenkirchen district was enlarged on July 1, 1972. The municipality of Bayersoien from the district of Schongau and the communities of Aidling , Großweil , Hechendorf, Kleinweil , Murnau , Riegsee , Schöffau, Seehausen am Staffelsee , Spatzenhausen , Uffing am Staffelsee and Weindorf from the district of Weilheim in Upper Bavaria were new to the district . The district thus reached its present size.

Population development

The district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen gained almost 7,000 inhabitants between 1988 and 2008 or grew by around 9%. Between 1988 and 2018 the district grew from 79,593 to 88,467 by 8,874 inhabitants or by 11.2%.

The following figures refer to the territorial status on May 25, 1987.

year 1840 1871 1900 1925 1939 1950 1961 1970 1987 1991 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2019
population 14,994 15,989 20,518 31,953 50,689 71.503 70,522 75,424 78,782 84,448 85,762 86,577 87,351 86,336 87,385 88.213

Economy and Infrastructure

In the Future Atlas 2016 , the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen was ranked 139th out of 402 districts, municipal associations and independent cities in Germany, making it one of the regions with “future opportunities”. In the 2019 edition, it was ranked 89th out of 401.

The economy in the district is rather medium-sized. Agriculture is of great importance for the economic structure of the district. In total, around 15% of the district area is used for agriculture.

The income taxpower per inhabitant was 272 euros in 2004 (national average 216 euros). The purchasing power per inhabitant in 2005 was 7.67 euros (national average 8.52 euros). In July 2020, unemployment in the district was 3.7% and thus significantly below the national average.

The region around Garmisch-Partenkirchen is a classic tourist area and also a well-known winter sports area, where the Olympic Winter Games in 1936 and the Alpine World Ski Championships in 1978 and 2011 were held.

traffic

The state railway line from Munich reached Murnau in 1879. After the continuation to Garmisch, opened in 1889 by the local railway company Munich (LAG), was transferred to the Bavarian State Railway , the latter extended the railway via Mittenwald to the Austrian border in 1912 , so that the connection with Innsbruck was established.

Likewise, the Tyrolean district of Reutte was opened up from Garmisch in 1913 by the Ausserfernbahn .

The local railway Murnau - Oberammergau was built in 1900 by the AG E-Werke vorm OL Kummer & Co. and electrified in 1905 by the LAG.

The route of the Bavarian Zugspitzbahn , which was opened in 1929/30 from Garmisch to the Schneefernerhaus and has also been leading to the Zugspitzplatt since 1992, serves purely tourist purposes .

All railway lines are still in operation today.

The road network includes a federal motorway ( A 95 ), three federal roads ( B 2 , B 11 and B 23 ) and a relatively dense network of state, district and municipal roads .

politics

District Administrator

Anton Speer (Free Voters), previously Vice District Administrator, has been at the head of the district since 2014. His predecessor Harald Kühn (CSU), in office since May 1, 2002, was elected to the Bavarian State Parliament in 2013 . From May 1, 1984 to April 30, 2002, Helmut Fischer (1932–2014) was the head of the district.

Previous district administrators:

  • Adolph Peter, 1862 to 1869,
  • Carl Boshardt, 1869 to 1888,
  • Reinhard Wiesend, 1888 to 1894,
  • Wilhelm Voelk March 1, 1894 to November 11, 1895,
  • Oskar Ebner von Eschenbach, January 1, 1906 to May 1918,
  • Walter Freiherr von Stengel, 1918 to December 1926,
  • Karl Merz, February 16, 1927 to May 1933,
  • Franz Fux, June 1, 1933 to February 1935,
  • Reinhard Wiesend, June 12, 1935 to 1945,
  • Hans Ritter (SPD), 1945 to 1946,
  • Hans Kessler (independent), May 28, 1946 to 1951,
  • Franz Renk (CSU), March 5, 1951 to January 18, 1959,
  • Benedikt Stückl (BP), March 9, 1959 to March 10, 1965,
  • Wilhelm Nau (CSU), March 11, 1965 to April 30, 1984,
  • Helmut Fischer (CSU), May 1, 1984 to April 30, 2002,
  • Harald Kühn (CSU), May 1, 2002 to October 7, 2013,
  • Anton Speer (Free Voters), since May 1, 2014.

District elections

Current distribution of seats in the
district council of Garmisch-Partenkirchen
          
A total of 60 seats

The past local elections led to the following allocation of seats in the district council :

Party / list 2002 2008 2014 2020
CSU 32 25th 22nd 20th
Free community of voters of the district communities 11 10 11 14th
GREEN n / A 3 4th 9
SPD 8th 6th 7th 4th
ödp 4th 4th 4th 4th
Free voter community GAP / Upper Loisachtal 4th 3 2 3
BP n / A 1 3 2
AfD n / A n / A n / A 2
FDP 1 1 1 1
LEFT n / A n / A n / A 1
Christian Social Alliance Citizens for GAP / Free District Citizens n / A 7th 6th n / A
total 60 60 60 60

coat of arms

Coat of arms of the district
 Blazon : “Above a shortened and looped point, inside the Bavarian diamonds , split by silver and gold; in front a red griffin lion turned to the left, behind a red crowned moor's head with a red earring. "
Foundation of the coat of arms: The Bavarian diamonds are reminiscent of the sovereignty of the Wittelsbach dukes in the area around Ettal, Ohlstadt and Murnau. The griffin lion, the heraldic symbol of the Guelphs, indicates that they were the dominant rule before the Bishop of Freising. The Mohrenkopf, the Freising coat of arms, symbolizes the fact that the County of Werdenfels belonged to the Hochstift Freising from the 13th to the beginning of the 19th century .

Communities

Ettaler Forst Wallgau Unterammergau Uffing am Staffelsee Spatzenhausen Seehausen am Staffelsee Saulgrub Riegsee (Gemeinde) Oberau Oberammergau Murnau am Staffelsee Mittenwald Krün Großweil Grainau Garmisch-Partenkirchen Farchant Ettal Bad Bayersoien Bad Kohlgrub Ohlstadt Eschenlohe Schwaigen Landkreis Ostallgäu Landkreis Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen Landkreis Weilheim-Schongau Österreich
Location of the municipality of the Garmisch-Partenkirchen district in the Garmisch-Partenkirchen district (clickable map)

(Residents on December 31, 2019)

Markets

  1. Garmisch-Partenkirchen (27,215)
  2. Mittenwald (7327)
  3. Murnau am Staffelsee (12,180)

Community-free area

  1. Ettaler Forest (83.46 km²)

Administrative communities

  1. Ohlstadt
    (communities Eschenlohe, Großweil, Ohlstadt and Schwaigen)
  2. Saulgrub
    (municipalities of Bad Bayersoien and Saulgrub)
  3. Seehausen am Staffelsee
    (municipalities Riegsee, Seehausen am Staffelsee and Spatzenhausen)
  4. Unterammergau
    (municipalities Ettal and Unterammergau)

Other communities

  1. Bad Bayersoien (1221)
  2. Bad Kohlgrub (2854)
  3. Eschenlohe (1582)
  4. Ettal (758)
  5. Farchant (3611)
  6. Grainau (3441)
  7. Grossweil (1495)
  8. Krün (1918)
  9. Oberammergau (5514)
  10. Oberau (3253)
  11. Ohlstadt (3278)
  12. Riegsee (1193)
  13. Saulgrub (1657)
  14. Schwaigen (593)
  15. Seehausen am Staffelsee (2478)
  16. Spatzenhausen (736)
  17. Uffing am Staffelsee (3006)
  18. Unterammergau (1585)
  19. Wallgau (1529)

Municipalities of the district before the territorial reform 1971/78

Until the territorial reform in 1971/78, the Garmisch-Partenkirchen district had 16 municipalities (see list below).

In the south and southwest, the district bordered the Austrian state of Tyrol . In the west the district bordered on the district of Füssen , in the north-west on the district of Schongau in the north on the district of Weilheim i.OB. and in the east it bordered the Bad Tölz district .

The municipalities of the Garmisch-Partenkirchen district before the municipality reform in 1971/78. (Churches that still exist today are in bold .)

Location in Bavaria
former parish today's parish today's district
Bad Kohlgrub Bad Kohlgrub Garmisch-Partenkirchen district
Eschenlohe Eschenlohe
Ettal Ettal
Farchant Farchant
Garmisch-Partenkirchen (market) 1 Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Grainau 2 Grainau
Krün Krün
Mittenwald (market) Mittenwald
Oberammergau Oberammergau
Oberau Oberau
Ohlstadt Ohlstadt
Saulgrub Saulgrub
Schwaigen Schwaigen
Unterammergau Unterammergau
Wallgau Wallgau
Wamberg Garmisch-Partenkirchen

1 : On January 1, 1935, the Garmisch market and the community of Partenkirchen emerged.
2 : On October 1, 1937, the communities of Obergrainau and Untergrainau emerged

Protected areas

The district has 16 nature reserves , 8 landscape protection areas , 19 FFH areas and at least 64 geotopes designated by the Bavarian State Office for the Environment (as of August 2016).

See also

License Plate

On July 1, 1956, the district was assigned the GAP distinguishing mark when the vehicle registration number that is still valid today was introduced . It is still issued today.

See also

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Garmisch-Partenkirchen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 469 .
  3. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 97 .
  4. ↑ Statistics for the district  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed January 7, 2011@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.statistik.bayern.de  
  5. ^ Official Journal for the district of Garmisch - Partenkirchen from October 24, 2019; Retrieved on October 30, 2019 at https://www.lra-gap.de/media/files/lra_bekanntmachungen/2019_35.pdf
  6. ↑ Future Atlas 2016. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on October 2, 2017 ; accessed on March 23, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.prognos.com
  7. ↑ PROGNOS future atlas. Handelsblatt, accessed on December 10, 2019 .
  8. ↑ Unemployment rates of the Garmisch-Partenkirchen district statistics from the Federal Employment Agency
  9. ↑ Entry on the coat of arms of the Garmisch-Partenkirchen district  in the database of the House of Bavarian History , accessed on September 5, 2017 .
  10. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  11. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Garmisch-Partenkirchen district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  12. ↑ BayernViewer of the Bavarian Surveying Administration (accessed on July 26, 2010)