Wallgau

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 47 ° 31 '  N , 11 ° 17'  E
Basic data
State :	Bavaria
Administrative region :	Upper Bavaria
County :	Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Height :	866 m above sea level NHN
Area :	33.96 km 2
Residents:	1529 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	45 inhabitants per km 2
Postcodes :	82499, 82432
Area code :	08825
License plate :	Cap
Community key :	09 1 80 136
Community structure:	2 parts of the community
Address of the municipal administration:	Mittenwalder Str. 8 82499 Wallgau
Website :	www.gemeinde-wallgau.de
Mayor :	Bastian Eiter (Wallgau voters' association)
Location of the municipality of Wallgau in the Garmisch-Partenkirchen district

Wallgau is a municipality in the Upper Bavarian district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen .

With Garmisch-Partenkirchen as the district capital and cultural center, as well as other communities, it belongs to the Werdenfelser Land . The German-Austrian border runs south a few kilometers away .

Wallgau, together with Krün and Mittenwald, forms the Alpenwelt Karwendel tourism association , which markets the region all year round as a starting point for sports and leisure activities such as hiking and cross-country skiing . The community has a good 1400 inhabitants.

geography

View from Krepelschrofen to Wallgau and Schöttlkarspitze, May 2011

Wallgau is located in the Upper Isar Valley about 14 kilometers east of Garmisch-Partenkirchen and belongs to the Werdenfelser Land in the Oberland region .

In addition to Mittenwald and Krün , Wallgau is the northernmost of the three municipalities in the Upper Isar Valley that have come together for tourism to form the Karwendel Alpine World . Together with Krün, the municipality is located on the border of the mountain groups Bavarian Prealps in the north and Karwendel in the south. The village is dominated by the Schöttelkarspitze in the southeast at 2050 meters above sea level. NN. belonging to Mittenwald Soierngruppe while in the northwest above the average of about 2000 meters. NN. high Estergebirge with the Schafkopf (1310 meters above sea level) and the local mountain Krepelschrofen (1160 meters above sea level, sometimes also called Krepelschroffen) runs as a foothill directly above the village. In a south-westerly direction, the Wetterstein Mountains visually dominate , whose ridge, together with the Karwendel, forms the border with Austria .

The western part of the hamlet of Obernach with the two farms Öttl and Wolf belongs to Wallgau as part of the municipality . They are located south of Einsiedl directly on the eastern border of the district; Postally they belong - like the eastern part - to the place Walchensee . Politically, the eastern part of Obernach belongs to the municipality of Jachenau .

	Hermitage
Garmisch-Partenkirchen		Jachenau Lenggries
	Krün Mittenwald

The Isar stretches to the south-east, the river bed of which has almost dried up since the Walchensee power plant was built at the beginning of the 20th century. The transfer canal flows from the Krün weir through Wallgau into a tunnel near the center of the village to the Sachensee in the north. The Finzbach runs south of the village . The Isar valley eastwards forms the western access to the Isarwinkel .

history

Wallgau with Schöttlkarspitze around 1900

Until the church is planted

The development of the place is closely linked to the history of the Werdenfelser Land . Wallgau was first mentioned in 763 as walhogoi in the founding document of the Scharnitz monastery ( scarantia ). The "Gau der Walchen" or " Welschen " offered Roman settlers and legionaries to preserve their tradition after the fall of the province of Raetia, refuge from the Bavarians . Ten years later the monastery was merged with Schlehdorf Monastery because of its inhospitable location .

In the Middle Ages, large parts of the Werdenfelser Land belonged to the Counts of Eschenlohe , whose noble family had connections to the Counts of Andechs - one of the most important noble families in the Holy Roman Empire . 1294 sold Count Berthold III. von Eschenlohe transferred his property to the Hochstift Freising due to a lack of male descendants ; the "imperial direct, prince-bishop Freising'sche Grafschaft Werdenfels " with the castle Werdenfels, built in 1180 by Duke Otto von Wittelsbach , was the administrative center. Wallgau was thus under the rule of Freising. At the same time, however, it was also under the rule of the Benediktbeuern monastery , which in the 13th century expanded its sphere of influence to the south and cleared and settled in what is now Krün and Wallgau. In 1294, the place was mentioned in a document as walgaw in the Salbuch of the Benediktbeuern monastery with two Schwaigen ( vaccariae ) belonging to the monastery . In 1491 the monastery needed considerable funds for the reconstruction because of the monastery fire in the previous year and sold Wallgau together with the neighboring town Krün ( geruen ) to the Hochstift Freising. This settled an old dispute between the county of Werdenfels and the Benediktbeuern monastery.

Wallgau with the Karwendel Mountains around 1900

The control of the trade routes to Italy as well as the extraction of silver and ore deposits helped a large part of the population to prosper and earned the county the nickname Goldenes Landl . Although Wallgau was connected to the traffic arteries of the time with the Via Regia ad Tyrolensis et Italos, also used as a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela , over the Kesselberg down to Kochel am See , the economic boom hardly affected the town. Instead, the inhabitants were busy tilling the barren fields, processing wood and rafting on the Isar , which began in the 12th century . At that time, the importance of the waterways as trade connections grew, as the land routes were considered unsafe by highwaymen. In addition to people, the rafts also transported local products, including marble stones , chalk , charcoal and burnt limestone . In the 15th century, the association of raftsmen , known as Wasserrott , transported goods from Italy to Munich and across the Danube to Austria and Hungary for the first time. In 1922 the last raft from Wallgau went down the Isar before the river was deprived of water for the operation of the Walchensee power plant from 1924. Since 1990 some of the water has been returned to the river bed.

As a result of the Spanish and Austrian War of Succession at the beginning of the 18th century with raids from the neighboring Tyrol and the Napoleonic Wars, the population became impoverished. On August 19, 1802, the Bavarian military occupied Wallgau with a corporal and six soldiers. Officially, Wallgau passed into the possession of the Electorate of Bavaria in the course of the secularization connected with the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of February 25, 1803 . In the years 1808 to 1818, Wallgau developed as a political municipality due to several municipal edicts of the now Kingdom of Bavaria .

20th and 21st centuries

At the beginning of the 20th century, tourism, still known as summer retreat , brought its first guests to Wallgau.

Population development

Town center with village square, May 2009

The population of Wallgau has risen steadily from just under 300 since the middle of the 19th century and is currently five times as large. After the Second World War there was the greatest increase. Since 2000, the numbers have fluctuated only marginally with an average of around 1400 inhabitants.

At the end of 2014, the male population slightly outweighed the population at 50.5 percent. In addition, according to the age structure, the population was 822 and therefore more than half were 40 years or older.

Between 1988 and 2018, the community grew from 1,221 to 1,505 by 284 inhabitants or 23.3%.

year	Residents		year	Residents		year	Residents
1840	274		2000	1376		2010	1394
1871	265		2001	1409		2011	1400
1900	367		2002	1410		2012	1404
1925	599		2003	1428		2013	1420
1939	625		2004	1415		2014	1434
1950	913		2005	1428		2015	1458
1961	942		2006	1426		2016	1485
1970	1171		2007	1414		2017	1511
1987	1170		2008	1394
1995	1368		2009	1391

Age group	all in all	male	Female
under 6	84	46	38
6-15	130	72	58
15-18	58	29	29
18-25	90	53	37
25-30	79	40	39
30-40	162	76	86
40-50	241	129	112
50-65	240	117	123
over 65	307	154	153
total	1391	716	675

Status: end of 2015 Source: Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing

politics

Municipal council

Ex-Mayor Hansjörg Zahler with biathlete Magdalena Neuner at the reception on the village square, April 2011

The municipal council consists of twelve members who are elected for a six-year term of office.

The municipal council election of March 15, 2020 had a turnout of 70.28 percent and resulted in the following distribution of seats in the town hall:

Political party	Share of votes	+/-	Seats	+/-
Wallgau voter association	46.1%	+14.7	6th	+2
CSU / Free Independent Voting Community	33.6%	−9.0	4th	−1
Young employees	20.3%	−5.7	2	−1
total	100%		12

+/–: Change compared to 2014 Source: Garmisch-Partenkirchen District Office

mayor

Bastian Eiter (Wallgauer voter association) has been the first mayor since May 2020. He was elected in 2020 in the local elections in Bavaria with 83.5 percent of the vote.

coat of arms

Description of the coat of arms : "In red over a golden three-mountain, in it a blue wave bar, a silver pilgrim's shell, on which a golden abbot's staff and a golden raftsman's hook are crossed at an angle."

Declaration of coat of arms: The three mountain and the wave bar in the shield base symbolize the location of the community in the mountains and on the river. The pilgrim shell as an attribute of St. James refers to the patronage of the parish church of St. James. The abbot's staff comes from the coat of arms of the Benediktbeuern monastery and is a reminder of the monastery's former manorial rights in the late Middle Ages. The tinging in red and gold takes over the colors of the Hochstift Freising, which ruled until 1803. The raftsman's hook refers to the earlier business of the same name. The municipality of Wallgau has had the coat of arms since 1963.

Culture and sights

See also : List of architectural monuments in Wallgau

Parish Church of St. Jacob

Parish Church of St. Jacob, May 2011

The construction of the first church dates back to 1295. In the last quarter of the 15th century, a new hall church with a stone-vaulted choir extension in Gothic style was built on the same site . The choir with its ribbed vault , along with the tracery of the apex window and the sanctuary, has been preserved to the present day and is the oldest building in Wallgau. The first baroque church tower with an onion dome was built in 1680. In the following years a sacristy was added on the north side and a house of the dead in the south, as well as a new high altar in 1683 . With the renovation of the church tower in 1723/1724, further renovation work began to gradually add Baroque architecture to the late Gothic architecture. Only after the pastor wrote a protest to the bishop, the redesign could be completed in 1730. For a long time the Stations of the Cross, painted in 1735, remained the last refurbishment in the church. The benefice donated at the end of the 18th century made the church an independent parish . Various extensions and modifications followed in the 19th and 20th centuries. Important milestones were the extension of the nave with a steep gable roof and the enlargement of the community room in 1891. The style change of the interior, which began with the construction of a neo-Gothic gallery made of wood, was reversed in 1904 after a report by the General Conservatory in Munich. The last extensive interior and exterior restoration with subsequent renewal of the technical systems took place in 1988. In May 2007 the old organ from the 1950s was replaced by a new one with 14  registers .

Because of its location on the former pilgrimage and trade route, the parish church of St. James was consecrated to the patron saint James. Since June 2010 Wallgau has been part of the new Jakobsweg Isar – Loisach – Leutascher Ache – Inn , which connects the Munich, Tyrolean and southeast Bavarian Jakobsweg. The church is located in the center of Wallgau not far from the village square and, in addition to the church services, also serves as a venue for concerts and readings. In the cemetery, which surrounds half of the building, there is a Lourdes grotto built in 1896 and an honor bell donated by the veterans and warriors' association .

Lüftlmalerei and Gasthof Zur Post

Gasthof Zur Post with Lüftlmalerei: Trinity and patron saint Florian (left half of the picture), May 2011

The craftsmanship of Lüftlmalerei has been widespread since the 18th century mainly in Werdenfelser Land and Tyrol. In Wallgau, in addition to religious motifs, historical depictions with a narrative character - including from the time of rafting - adorn many house facades. An example is the Gasthof Zum alten Wirt, built by Simon Niggl in 1621, with frescoes by the Mittenwald painter Franz Karner from 1763. The new building that was built in 1907 to complement the old inn is currently called the Hotel Zur Post . The first post line operated from 1665 onwards was the Thurn und Taxis ' horse riding post , which was replaced by the traveling personal mail in 1760 . On September 7, 1786, the poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe drove through Wallgau in a stagecoach on his trip to Italy and stopped at the inn. Even Heinrich Heine sat down to rest there 30 years later. Prominent guests in recent history have included politicians and entertainment figures, including American actors Richard Burton and Elizabeth Taylor .

The technique of Lüftlmalerei is practiced to the present day. The tourist information building shows works by the artist Sebastian Pfeffer from Mittenwald.

Customs and culture

House of the Guest, May 2011

The maintenance of customs in Wallgau is based on social traditions that are also common in other communities in Upper Bavaria and especially in Werdenfelser Land.

Regular events of religious origin include the processions on Palm Sunday and Corpus Christi in spring, the St. John's fire on nearby mountain peaks on the eve of St. John's Day at the end of June and masses on the neighboring Simetsberg . Wallgau associates Mittenwald with the parades during the carnival season, in particular the wearing of characteristic wooden larvae . The face masks, often centuries-old and family-owned, are unique pieces. In summer, the Wallgau village evenings with Schuhplattler , singing and music provide an insight into the way of life of the population, as do presentations by the traditional costume club, which was founded in 1920, and the farmer's theater with amateur actors.

The Wallgau band was founded in November 1948, after a first formation had existed since 1920. At present, the approximately 40- strong wind orchestra is an integral part of local cultural life. In the main season, the ensemble performing in local costume gives a spa concert every Friday. With the production of sound carriers, various awards at state and national competitions as well as radio recordings and television appearances - among others in the Musikantenstadl - the band also gained national importance. The repertoire ranges from traditional songs to modern works.

In addition to custom, Wallgau is the venue for other cultural events. The annual Wallgau Culture Spring includes performances from the fields of theater, cabaret and music. Since 2008, comedic readings by actors Sepp Schauer and Klaus Guth have been on the program, and in 2009 Hugo Strasser was represented by a big band from the Staffelsee . In summer 2011, the first amateur actors led the three Isartaler theater groups from Mittenwald, Krün and Wallgau under the name Karwendel Alpine stage the comedy The Broken Jug by Heinrich von Kleist in altbairischer language.

Most of the performances take place in the Kurhaus Haus der Gastes . The event hall with adjoining catering can accommodate up to 350 people.

Sports

Isar valley between Vorderriß and Wallgau in winter, November 2007

With the Wallgau Ski Club, the Karwendel Golf and Country Club, the Wallgau Schützengesellschaft as well as an ice rifle club and a model flying group, the municipality of Wallgau has several sports clubs.

The Wallgau Ski Club (short: SC Wallgau) was founded in December 1950. Since May 2015, Hendrik Gause has been the first director of the association, which is divided into the alpine, Nordic and biathlon divisions. The nine-hole course of the Karwendel Golf and Country Club, founded in 1992, is located on the eastern edge of the village on the former river bed of the Isar on Risser Straße.

In addition, the Upper Isar Valley is one of the centers for popular tourist sports in Germany. The Alpenwelt Karwendel tourism association was named the most popular hiking region in 2007/08 at the CMT trade fair in Stuttgart in January 2008 . For winter sports enthusiasts there is a total of around 150 kilometers of cross-country trails .

Economy and Infrastructure

Economy including agriculture and forestry

In 2009 there were 189 employees subject to social security contributions at the place of work, 25 of them in manufacturing, 105 in trade, transport and hospitality and 59 in public, private and corporate service providers. There were no people involved in agriculture or forestry. With 397 employees at their place of residence, many residents had their jobs outside the municipality.

Three companies were registered in the main construction trade. In 2007 there were also 22 farms with a usable area of ​​250 hectares and a municipal area of ​​a total of 3396 hectares (share: 7.4 percent). In terms of animal husbandry, the number of cattle clearly predominated.

31 larger accommodation establishments (including campsites) with 812 guest beds and 75,196 overnight stays in 2009 demonstrate the importance of tourism for the municipality. In addition, there were a further 87,470 overnight stays in private accommodation.

The municipal tax receipts in the same year amounted to 892,000 euros, while the gross expenditure reached a new high of almost 3.4 million euros.

traffic

Federal road 11 above Wallgau with the Karwendel and Wetterstein mountains, May 1960

Same look, May 2011

Wallgau is on the German Alpine Road . The federal road 11 runs through the community in a northerly direction to Walchensee and on to Kochel am See . Towards the south, it ends in the neighboring municipality of Krün and there joins Bundesstraße 2 . Bundesstraße 11 changes its name within Wallgau and is called Mittenwalder Straße on the section between the southern entrance to the village and village square, and Walchenseestraße in the northern section . In addition, a toll road runs along the Isar eastward from Wallgau to Vorderriß with a connection to Sylvensteinspeicher and Lenggries .

Wallgau is integrated into the regional traffic of Upper Bavaria (RVO). In addition to the regular bus service, the Alpenwelt Karwendel tourist association set up a guest bus as an additional service from May 2010, which drives to the hiking trails in summer and the ski areas and cross-country ski trails in winter.

The closest connection to the regional rail network of Deutsche Bahn is in the Krüner district of Klais, five kilometers to the south-west . Until 2007 the station was connected to the InterCity route between Munich and Innsbruck . The Mittenwaldbahn , which also runs through Klais, has been connecting Garmisch-Partenkirchen with Innsbruck since 1912 . Kochel am See, about 17 kilometers northeast, is the starting point for trips with the Kochelseebahn via Tutzing to Munich.

education

In 2009 there was a day-care center with eight active people, 50 approved places and 46 children in care. In the only public elementary school Wallgau-Krün six teachers taught 99 students in five classes.

Personalities

Magdalena Neuner at the official opening of the panorama trail named after her, May 2013

Former biathlete Magdalena Neuner , born in Garmisch-Partenkirchen in 1987, has lived in Wallgau since she was a child. She was already successful as a junior and made her debut in the 2006 World Cup . Her greatest successes include the double victory at the 2010 Winter Olympics , triple triumph in the overall World Cup in 2007/2008, 2009/2010 and 2011/2012, and a total of twelve world championship titles. In addition to various awards, she won the election for Sportswoman of the Year in 2007, 2011 and 2012 . In May 2010 she was made an honorary citizen of Wallgau. The athlete, who is down-to-earth and attached to her home country, also contributes to the tourist marketing of the community. Both a cross-country ski run and a hiking trail bear her name.

The actor and voice actor Klaus Guth also lives in Wallgau. Guth began his career in the theater and has worked in several television films and series since the early 1980s, including Ein Fall für Zwei , Monaco Franze - Der eternal Stenz and Der Bulle von Tölz . As a voice actor he lent his voice to Christopher Lee and John Cleese, among others . In his home town he appeared regularly at readings as part of the Wallgauer Kulturfrühling event series .

literature

• Alpenwelt Karwendel (Ed.): Alpenwelt Karwendel: Mittenwald, Krün, Wallgau . Texts: Robert Hauke, photographs: Florian Werner . Edition Alpenblick & Seenland, Uffing am Staffelsee 2009, ISBN 978-3-9809151-4-4 , p. 120 .

Web links

Commons : Wallgau  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Wikivoyage: Wallgau  - travel guide

• Official website of the municipality of Wallgau
• Unofficial citizen information for Wallgau
• Entry on the coat of arms of Wallgau  in the database of the House of Bavarian History

• Wallgau: Official statistics of the LfStat

Individual evidence

1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
2. ^ Community Wallgau in the local database of the Bavarian State Library Online . Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, accessed on January 8, 2018.
3. ↑ The Latin-language source speaks of “ pagum desertum quem Uualhogoi appellamus ” (German: “an abandoned district called Uualhogoi”). See Wolf-Armin Frhr. v. Reitzenstein : Lexicon of Bavarian place names. Origin and meaning . CH Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-406-55206-4 .
4. ↑ ^{a b c d} local history of Wallgau. In: alpenwelt-karwendel.de. Alpenwelt Karwendel, accessed on February 24, 2012 . 
5. ↑ Gerhard Kriner: From Gervn to Krün, from Schwaige the village . Municipality of Krün, Krün 1994, p. 59 .
6. ↑ BHStA, KL Benediktbeuern 32
7. ↑ ^{a b} rafting. In: alpenwelt-karwendel.de. Alpenwelt Karwendel, accessed on February 24, 2012 . 
8. ↑ Gerhard Kriner: From Gervn to Krün, from Schwaige the village . Municipality of Krün, Krün 1994, p. 157-158 .
9. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Municipal statistics 2010. A selection of important statistical data for the Wallgau municipality. (PDF: 1.05 MB) Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing, January 2011, accessed on May 1, 2011 . 
10. ↑ Herbert Meider, Franz Stoltefaut: messengers made of stone. Churches in Werdenfelser Land, on Staffelsee, in Ammergau . Medien-Verlag Schubert, Hamburg 2001, ISBN 978-3-929229-87-5 , p. 16 .
11. ↑ Alpenwelt Karwendel (ed.): Alpenwelt Karwendel: Mittenwald, Krün, Wallgau . Texts: Robert Hauke, photographs: Florian Werner . 2009, p. 61 .
12. ↑ New sounds in the Wallgau parish church. In: merkur-online.de. Münchener Zeitungs-Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, May 12, 2007, accessed on May 24, 2010 . 
13. ↑ Jakobsweg Isar - Loisach - Leutascher Ache - Inn. Benediktbeuern, accessed on December 15, 2015 . 
14. ↑ Herbert Meider, Franz Stoltefaut: Lüftlmalerei at Isar, Partnach, Loisach and the Ammer . Medien-Verlag Schubert, Hamburg 2003, ISBN 978-3-929229-92-9 , p. 33 .
15. ↑ ^{a b} The “Zur Post” inn in Wallgau. (No longer available online.) In: posthotel-wallgau.com. “Zur Post” inn and hotel in Wallgau, archived from the original on February 14, 2012 ; Retrieved May 24, 2010 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
16. ↑ Lüftlmalerei. In: alpenwelt-karwendel.de. Alpenwelt Karwendel, accessed on February 24, 2012 . 
17. ↑ St. John's Fire. In: alpenwelt-karwendel.de. Alpenwelt Karwendel, accessed on February 24, 2012 . 
18. ↑ Heimatabend & Bauerntheater. In: alpenwelt-karwendel.de. Alpenwelt Karwendel, accessed on February 24, 2012 . 
19. ^ Wallgau music band. In: musikkapelle-wallgau.de. Retrieved August 14, 2010 . 
20. ^ House of the guest. In: hausdesgastes.eu. Retrieved August 14, 2010 . 
21. ↑ Chronological short version over 50 years of the Wallgau Ski Club from 1950 to 2000. In: skiclub-wallgau.de. Skiclub Wallgau eV, accessed on May 27, 2010 . 
22. ↑ 65th General Assembly. In: skiclub-wallgau.de. Skiclub Wallgau eV, accessed on December 15, 2015 . 
23. ↑ Karwendel Golf and Country Club. Club dates. (No longer available online.) In: golfclub-karwendel.de. Golf- & Landclub Karwendel eV, archived from the original on February 3, 2010 ; Retrieved May 27, 2010 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
24. ^ Prize rain for the "Alpenwelt Karwendel". In: merkur-online.de. Münchener Zeitungs-Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, January 16, 2008, accessed on June 2, 2010 . 
25. ↑ Robert Arsenschek: Lena's declaration of love. In: merkur-online.de. Münchener Zeitungs-Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, October 20, 2008, accessed on April 13, 2012 . 
26. ↑ Tips from professionals: TV star Klaus Guth directs Wallgau children's musical. In: merkur-online.de. Münchener Zeitungs-Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, July 12, 2009, accessed on July 23, 2011 .