Mittenwald
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 47 ° 27 ' N , 11 ° 16' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Bavaria | |
| Administrative region : | Upper Bavaria | |
| County : | Garmisch-Partenkirchen | |
| Height : | 923 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 132.84 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 7327 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 55 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 82481 | |
| Area code : | 08823 | |
| License plate : | Cap | |
| Community key : | 09 1 80 123 | |
| Market structure: | 12 parts of the community | |
Market administration address : |
Dammkarstr. 3 82481 Mittenwald |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Enrico Corongiu ( SPD ) | |
| Location of the Mittenwald market in the Garmisch-Partenkirchen district | ||
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Mittenwald is a market in the Upper Bavarian district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen and is located in the upper Isar valley , almost 100 kilometers south of Munich between the Karwendel and Wetterstein mountains and right on the border with Austria .
The market together with Krün and Wallgau tourism composite Karwendel Alpine region , the region all year as a starting point for sports and recreational activities such as hiking , mountain climbing , rock climbing , alpine skiing and cross-country skiing marketed.
geography
location
Mittenwald lies in the Oberland region and also in the Werdenfelser Land . West of the at around 920 m above sea level. NHN , the two mountain lakes Lautersee and Ferchensee and the Wetterstein Mountains are located . The Isar flows east along the center of Mittenwald, above which the Karwendel peaks rise.
Community structure
The municipality has 12 officially named municipal parts (the type of settlement is indicated in brackets ):
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Mittenwald is by far the largest part of the municipality.
climate
The annual precipitation is 1437 mm and is thus in the upper third of the values recorded by the measuring points of the German Weather Service . Over 96% indicate lower values. The driest month is February; it rains most in July. In the wettest month there is about 2.9 times more rain than in the driest month. The seasonal fluctuations in precipitation are in the upper third.
history
Surname
Chronological order of naming:
- 1080: media silva
- 1120/26: Scernizwalt
- 1336: Medewald (based on Albert von Stede's travel report [sic!])
- until 1718: Müttenwaldt
- until 1742: Mittenwaldt
- 1743: Mittenwalt
- From 1744: Mittenwald
Historical background
In ancient times, the Roman road Via Raetia ran through Mittenwald via the Seefelder Sattel and the Brenner . After it was fortified as a driveway in the 2nd century. n. Chr. under Emperor Septimius Severus she ran the over remote and Reschenpass running Via Claudia Augusta , which also Augsburg (Augusta Vindelicum) and Bolzano (Pons Drusi) joined the rank as the most important connection from. The Scarbia road station mentioned by the Tabula Peutingeriana could be located in Mittenwald .
The place goes back to a clearing settlement in the Scharnitzwald and was first mentioned in 1096 as in media silva and in 1120/26 with the German name Scernizwalt . In 1305 he was granted market rights.
The forests in the area formed the basis for the rafting trade . The rafters' guild in Mittenwald had 20 masters and numerous journeymen.
Mittenwald was one of the main towns in the former county of Werdenfels , located between Tyrol and Bavaria , which belonged to the Hochstift Freising from 1294 to the secularization of 1802 and only fell to Bavaria through the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1803. Therefore, the Mittenwald municipal coat of arms also contains the "Freising Mohren".
In the Middle Ages, it was an important transshipment point on the trade route from Augsburg / Nuremberg to Venice , from the end of the 15th century Mittenwald benefited from the Rottfuhrwesen, the Bolzano market , which was relocated to Mittenwald between 1487 and 1679 by Archduke Sigmund the rich in coins because of the war with the Republic of Venice and the transalpine long-distance trade via the Via Imperii . At the end of the 17th century, new trades developed under these conditions, such as braid knitting, filet silk embroidery and, from 1689, violin making , founded by Matthias Klotz . Since then, Mittenwald has developed alongside Markneukirchen in Saxony to become the most important center of string and plucked instrument making in Germany to this day (see below).
The construction of the Garmisch-Partenkirchen - Innsbruck ( Mittenwaldbahn ) railway in 1912 brought tourism to the town.
Mittenwald became a garrison and training center for the mountain troops of the Wehrmacht in the 1930s . Since 1956 it has had this function again within the Bundeswehr .
At the end of April 1945 one of the “ evacuation transports ” from the Dachau concentration camp ended near Mittenwald . The memorial on the grounds of the primary and secondary school on Mauthweg, which was inaugurated on March 21, 2010 , commemorates this and the victims of war crimes committed by the mountain troops of the German armed forces throughout Europe during World War II .
After the end of World War II in 1945, Mittenwald belonged to the American zone of occupation . From April 1946 to the end of January 1952, the military administration set up a DP camp for Jewish and Ukrainian so-called Displaced Persons (DPs). Some of the refugees included homeless foreigners and members of the Vlasov army . Even Poland , Belarusians and Russians were represented among them. The Eastern European DPs were housed in the Gebirgsjäger barracks and in the Luttensee camp (today's Luttensee barracks ), and some Mittenwald hotels were requisitioned for the Jewish DPs. The Belarusians erected a memorial for the participants in the Slutsk uprising near the Luttensee barracks .
In the years 2002-2009 mainly leftist groups marched with support from the Association of Victims of the Nazi regime - Association of anti-fascists and anti-fascists against a commemoration that the comrade circle of mountain troops , supported by the Bundeswehr since the 1950s on Pentecost at the Cenotaph on the Hoher Brendten aligns .
During the Cold War , the NATO nuclear planning group met in Mittenwald on May 26 and 27, 1971 .
Population development
Between 1988 and 2018, the population fell from 7,998 to 7,336 by 662 inhabitants or 8.3%.
politics
Municipal council
| Party / list | 2008 election | Election 2014 | 2020 election | |||
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| Share of votes | Seats | Share of votes | Seats | Share of votes | Seats | |
| Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU) | 57.4% | 12 | 55.52% | 11 | 42.66% | 9 |
| SPD Bavaria (SPD) | 4.6% | 1 | 9 , 66% | 2 | 18.82% | 4th |
| Association of Free Voters | 26.3% | 5 | 23.38% | 5 | 31.14% | 6th |
| Citizens' Association Mittenwald | 11.6% | 2 | 11.44% | 2 | 7.38% | 1 |
| voter turnout | 58.1% | 52.46% | 63.17% | |||
Bundestag elections 2017
In the 2017 federal election , the Christian-Social Union in Bavaria received 52.12% of the second vote. That is a loss of 3.4% compared to the last municipal council elections in 2014. The turnout was 76.55%.
| Party / list | Election result | |
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| First votes | Second votes | |
| Christian-Social Union in Bavaria | 53.18% | 52.12% |
| SPD Bavaria | 21.34% | 9.17% |
| Alternative for Germany | 9.62% | 12.93% |
| Free Democratic Party | 5.88% | 9.85% |
| Alliance 90 / The Greens | 3.53% | 4.71% |
| The left | 3.01% | 4.06% |
| Bavaria Party | 2.24% | 1.13% |
| Ecological Democratic Party | 1.20% | - |
| Federal Association of Free Voters Germany | - | 1.13% |
| other | - | 2.97% |
mayor
The mayor Hermann Salminger of the Association of Free Voters, who has been in office since 1996, was followed in the 2008 elections - without opposing candidates - by Adolf Hornsteiner (CSU) with 90.2 percent of all votes. Enrico Corongiu (SPD) has been in office since May 2020, winning the runoff election in the 2020 local elections with 52.47 percent .
coat of arms
Blazon : “Three green fir trees in red, the outer ones standing on rising silver rocks on both sides; the trunk of the middle one is covered with a golden crowned black moor's head standing on the rock. "
The three fir trees create a picture that speaks for the name Mittenwald. The cliffs rising on both sides give an indication of the geographic location of the community between the Karwendel and Wetterstein mountains. The Mohrenkopf, the heraldic symbol of the Bishop of Freising, refers to the sovereignty of the Hochstift Freising over the Untergericht Mittenwald, which belongs to the County of Werdenfels, from 1294 until the dissolution of the Hochstift in 1803.
The market seal with the coat of arms was awarded to Mittenwald in 1407 by the sovereign, the Freising Bishop Berthold von Wehingen.
History of the coat of arms:
"The coat of arms was awarded to Markt Mittenwald by Bishop Berthold von Wachingen [sic!] In his capacity as ruler of the Werdenfels area on June 20, 1407 and thus represents the first ever documented award of coat of arms for a community in Bavaria today."
Description of the coat of arms based on a certified copy (from 1812) of the traditional coat of arms:
"[...] that the sign of the shield says red and there is a white pergk on either side and three green trees between the two pergcs and under the trees there should be a morenhauptl with an old red crown [...]"
Probably from the same year the coat of arms was awarded (1407) a splendidly cut seal with the inscription:
"Sigillum communitatis de middle forest"
Although this seal shows slight deviations from the description of the coat of arms, it does show the decisive features of the coat of arms (Mohrenkopf, firs, mountains). A well-founded assumption according to Hupp, the seal was made by the same goldsmith (Göbl) who cut the city seal for Munich in 1402.
flag
The town's flag is striped green-white-green (1: 1: 1) and has the municipal coat of arms in the center.
Town twinning
There is a partnership with the Schleswig-Holstein city of Wyk auf Föhr .
economy
The main source of income for the place is by far the tourism . There are around 600 accommodation establishments with around 5400 beds and around 70 restaurants. In addition to a well-developed infrastructure (including an artificial ice stadium, tennis hall, chair lift, mountain railway), Mittenwald is also known for its traditional cultural customs. The “Bolzano Market” takes place there every five years, as well as the International Violin Making Competition every four years.
In addition to the so-called Musikwinkel in the Saxon Vogtland , the community is considered to be the most important German center for string and plucked instruments of our time. The people of Mittenwald can look back on more than 300 years of tradition in this area, the founder of which is Matthias Klotz (1653–1743). Today there are around 10 independent master violin makers in Mittenwald . There is also the State Musical Instrument Building School in Mittenwald with around 45 students in 7 semesters. It was founded in 1858 by the government of Bavaria under King Maximilian II for the training of so-called home workers who made violin parts which were then assembled by publishers and sold all over the world. Because of this one-off production, the violin makers were no longer able to build a whole instrument. In addition, the violin making school has had a branch for plucked instrument makers since 1980.
Those who want to see old Mittenwald instruments can visit the violin making museum in Ballenhausgasse. It reopened on April 16, 2005 after being renovated and redesigned.
Industrial and large-scale companies never set up shop in Mittenwald. In addition, there has recently been an increase in the migration of existing businesses. The company GEWA (musical instruments and accessories) left Mittenwald in 2010 for Vogtland . After the merger, Dokumental (formerly Mittenwald Chemie) has been producing with parts at its headquarters in Ludwigshafen since 1992 and with parts still on site. These changes and the dismantling of the site administration (Bundeswehr) deprived the town of its second mainstay alongside tourism. So far, the efforts to keep the place as the location of the mountain troops in the core have been successful. Touristy of the establishment were BIKE Transalp - mountain bike race from Mittenwald to Riva del Garda ( Lake Garda ) and opened on July 24, 2005 DSV set Nordic Walking Active Center new accents.
traffic
Bundesstraße 2 runs through the municipality and past the main town to the east . In the north, the B11 branches off to Krün.
Rail transport
Mittenwald ( DS100 : MMW) has the last / first train station in Germany on the Innsbruck – Garmisch-Partenkirchen railway (Mittenwaldbahn). To the south of Mittenwald follows the Austrian Scharnitz station , to the north is the next operating point, Klais station , which is 933 meters above sea level. NN is the highest intercity train station in Germany. The route from Mittenwald to Scharnitz is directly parallel to the B2. Between the Mittenwald train station and the Scharnitz train station there is still the actual Mittenwald border (DS100: MXM) operating point on rail kilometers 123.527. The operating point marks the point of the border between Germany and Austria and thus also the beginning / end of the responsibility of the corresponding transport lines or the managing railway infrastructure companies .
There is an hourly connection to Munich with the regional trains of the Werdenfelsbahn via Garmisch-Partenkirchen , Weilheim in Upper Bavaria and Tutzing . A regional train runs every two hours from Munich main station to Innsbruck main station via Seefeld in Tirol , Reith , Leithen, Hochzirl and Innsbruck Westbahnhof . Since January 2010 it has also been an  ICE stop.  After the connections were temporarily suspended in 2018, one pair of ICE Karwendel trains to Dortmund and Innsbruck are now only running on Sundays . The station was modernized for the Alpine World Ski Championships 2011 , provided with an underpass and received 76 cm high platforms. This also made a mobile boarding aid for the ICE trains obsolete. The station building was sold to a company that wanted to transform it into a public station. In 2012, the local Schwind family and Schwind GmbH took over the entire complex and combined the train station, bistro, medical center, pharmacy, bike shop and the customs ski team in three buildings.
Bus transport
The following regional bus lines stop at or near the train station:
| line | Line operator | Line course |
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| 9608 | DB Upper Bavaria bus | Garmisch-Partenkirchen Post / Bf - Klais - Mittenwald - Krün - Wallgau - Kochel am See |
| 431 | regioBus Tirol | Seefeld / Tyrol - Gießenbach - Scharnitz - Mittenwald - Leutasch - Seefeld / Tyrol - Reith - Leithen |
| 432 | regioBus Tirol | Leithen - Reith - Seefeld / Tyrol - Leutasch - Mittenwald - Scharnitz - Gießenbach - Seefeld / Tyrol |
| 4608 | Taxi Schütz |
Elmau bus: Wallgau - Krün - Mittenwald - Klais - Elmau |
| 040 | Flixbus | Innsbruck - Seefeld (Rosshütte) - Garmisch-Partenkirchen - ZOB Munich (Hackerbrücke) - Munich Airport |
Culture and sights
regional customs
The music band organized in clubs, the traditional costume association, the historical marching band, the mountain riflemen and various church groups that organize their own festivals and take part in general festivals and parades are an integral part of the tradition. In addition, there are quite rustic associations such as the “Schoferer” (sheep breeder association) or the fingerhackers . As in the entire Alpine region, Mardi Gras is a special time in Mittenwald. Then the " Maschkera " (the masked) come to life, the bell-runners, Jackelschutzer, Goaßlschnoizer, pan-pullers, Untersberger Mandl, anglers, devil and bear drivers who can be found on the streets and in restaurants. The associated utensils, especially the very individual wooden larvae (there are no two alike), are owned by the family and have often been passed on for decades, if not centuries. In the evening there are cozy evening events (gungeln) with music and dance in the traditional restaurants.
Attractions
In the town
- Lüftlmalerei on houses (Hornsteiner Haus, Hoglhaus, Neunerhaus, Schlipferhaus)
- Catholic parish church St. Peter and Paul , the originally Gothic church was redesigned in Baroque style in 1740 by the Wessobrunn artist Joseph Schmuzer . Ceiling painting and furnishings by Matthäus Günther , carved Madonna from 1500.
- Geigenbauuseum , Ballenhausgasse 3. The museum deals with the historical development and the economic and handicraft significance of string and plucked instrument making in Mittenwald.
- State vocational and vocational college for musical instrument making, Schöttlkarstrasse 17 Mittenwald.
In the neighborhood
- Lakes: Ferchensee , Lautersee , Wildensee , Luttensee , Schmalensee
- Mountains: Western Karwendelspitze with Mittenwalder Höhenweg , Mittenwalder Hütte , Hoher Kranzberg
- Isar origin
- The Leutasch Gorge ("Geisterklamm") and Partnach Gorge
- Memorial to the participants in the Slutsk uprising and Russian Orthodox chapel (not open to the public) east of the Luttensee barracks
Soil monuments
See: List of ground monuments in Mittenwald
Personalities
Honorary citizen
Sons and daughters
- Aegidius Jais (1750–1822), Benedictine priest, Roman Catholic theologian and university professor
With reference to the location
- Michael Lochner (* 1952), 1973–1983 church musician in Mittenwald; later regional church music director of the Evangelical Luth. Church in Bavaria
- Dreßen, Thomas (* 1993), German ski racer
literature
- Renate Schneider: The market town of Mittenwald. A structural analysis . Wagner, Innsbruck 1972 ( contributions to alpine economic and social research 152 ISSN 0522-6260 )
- Wolfgang Wüst : "Fucker advenit". The importance of the Fugger's long-distance trade policy for the Mittenwald market . In: Wolf Brunner (Red.): “Bozener Markt” in Mittenwald, 1487–1679. A picture of the time 500 years ago . Marktgemeinde Mittenwald, Mittenwald 1987, pp. 47-50
Web links
- Website of the Mittenwald community
- Violin making museum
- Entry on the Mittenwald coat of arms in the database of the House of Bavarian History
- Pictures from Mittenwald and the surrounding area, Lüftlmalerei
- Mittenwald: Official statistics of the LfStat
Individual evidence
- ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
- ↑ Mittenwald community in the local database of the Bavarian State Library Online . Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, accessed on September 5, 2019.
- Jump up ↑ Georg Roßbach, Anastasia Fürst, Ingeborg Hennings, Ingeborg Jung, Janine Olszewskii, Christian Rathmann, Christian Röhrs, Karin Schneider: Our hometown Mittenwald (geographical) . In: Bayerischer Landesverein für Heimatpflege (Ed.): Local history material collection . Mittenwald November 1982, p. 1.1.1 S1 (Mitt) .
- ↑ Martin Bitschnau , Hannes Obermair : Tiroler Urkundenbuch, II. Department: The documents on the history of the Inn, Eisack and Pustertal valleys. Volume 1: By the year 1140 . Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck 2009, ISBN 978-3-7030-0469-8 , p. 263, no. 301 .
- ↑ Memorial sites of National Socialism in Innsbruck and Seefeld ( Memento of the original from July 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Institute for Contemporary History at the University of Innsbruck 2004
- ↑ April 1945 - The death marches to Mittenwald ( Memento of the original from May 23, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Excerpts from reports in the local press
- ↑ Münchner Merkur from March 21, 2010
- ↑ Der Fischer Weltalmanach 1972, p. 383, ISBN 3-436-01449-4
- ↑ Kreisbote from March 30th, 2020
- ↑ Information about the coat of arms from the page "House of Bavarian History"
- ↑ a b Georg Roßbach, Anastasia Fürst, Ingeborg Hennings, Ingeborg Jung, Janine Olszewskii, Christian Rathmann, Christian Röhrs, Karin Schneider: Mittenwalder coat of arms description . In: Bayerischer Landesverein für Heimatpflege (Ed.): Local history material collection . Mittenwald November 1982, p. 1 f .
- ^ Lipowsky: Collection of the coats of arms of the Bavarian cities . Ed .: Bavarian Main State Archives.
- ↑ Hupp: The coats of arms and seals of the German cities, towns and villages . tape 2 , no. 6 , p. 54 .
- ↑ https://www.gewamusic.com/about/geschichte
- ^ Klais station, the highest IC station in Germany (933m), between Mittenwald and Garmisch-Partenkirchen - Bahnbilder.de. Retrieved August 9, 2020 .
- ↑ Münchner Merkur: From January 2nd, ICE trains will also stop in Mittenwald. December 22, 2009, accessed July 16, 2020 .
- ↑ Press release of the Murnau market. Markt Murnau am Staffelsee, July 20, 2017, accessed on July 16, 2020 (German).
- ↑ https://www.merkur.de/lokales/garmisch-partenkirchen/richtfest-spatenstich-einem-2460619.html
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