Via Raetia

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The Roman provinces and road network around AD 150
Province of Raetia with Via Raetia in Droysen's hand atlas
Roman road near Klais (gauge 107 cm)
Via Raetia on the Romweg map by Erhard Etzlaub from 1500

Via Raetia (also Via Raetica and via retica ) is both the ancient and the modern name for one of the few Roman roads that connected southern Germany, then the province of Raetia , with northern Italy . It led over the Brenner Pass , today's Innsbruck , the Seefelder Sattel and Partenkirchen to Augsburg and replaced the Via Claudia Augusta as the most important road connection across the Eastern Alps . Its expansion established the rise of the Brenner to the most popular crossing of the Eastern Alps to this day. The route is recorded in the Itinerarium Antonini as Route 275 as well as in the Tabula Peutingeriana and one of the few pilgrimage routes over the Alps on the Romweg map by Erhard Etzlaub from 1500.

history

The route over the Seefelder Sattel and the Brenner Pass was already important as a trade route in pre-Roman times . After the conquest of the foothills of the Alps by Drusus and Tiberius in 15 BC. Chr. Was the burner ( via Alpes Norias ) a cart path created or used further. In 43 n. Chr. A complex, four and a half meters wide and 6 km long was Prügelweg with a layer of gravel in the southern part of Murnau moss built for 66,000 billets , 3000 tonnes procured clays and 5000 tons of gravel had. According to the archaeologist Werner Zanier , this was presumably created for the Roman emperor Claudius who was returning to Rome from the conquest of Britain via Mainz ( Mogontiacum with his father's Drusus stone ) .

Around 200 AD, Emperor Septimius Severus had the existing roads expanded to the paved road by building bridges and water regulation, thus shortening the connection from Verona to Augsburg from over 500 to approx. 430 km, which was two to three day trips less. The road turned the burner to an important Alpine crossing and formed the basis for the medieval, north prolonged Reichsstraße Via Imperii .

Cities and places along the route

The older research was based on a route via Weilheim , Raisting (Urusa?) Past the Ammersee and via Schöngeising .

The Via Raetica tourist cycle path has nothing to do with the course of the historic Brennerstrasse.

Use of the Via Raetia

Martin Luther took the Via Raetia on his way back from Rome in the winter of 1511. Coming from Karlsbad , Goethe chose on his Italian trip in 1786 the route via Mittenwald and Brenner.

See also

literature

  • Lauren AM Hammersen: Via Raetia: A Roman Road in the Alps. In: The Ancient World , Vol. 40, 2 (2009), pp. 164-185.
  • Karlheinz Dietz , Martin Pietsch: Two new Roman milestones from Mittenwald , in: Mohr, Löwe, Raute 6 (1998), pp. 41–57. ( online )

Remarks

  1. ↑ a b c Where Scarbia was located cannot be precisely determined; however, the distance information in the Tabula Peutingeriana speaks more for the Mittenwald area (which itself was called Scernizwalt around 1120 ), e.g. B. the former Scharnitz monastery in Klais.

Web links

Commons : Via Raetia  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ "Il Brennero vi figura come« il passaggio delle Alpi retiche »; nello stesso modo, cinque secoli più tardi, Zosimo chiamerà la via del Brennero«  via retica  »." , Carlo Battisti , L'Alto Adige nel passato e nel presente , Instituto di studi per L'Alto Adige, 1963, p. 1, reprinted in: Archivio per l'Alto Adige 1964, p. 1 (Italian, snippet view on Google Books ).
  2. ↑ Gustav Parthey , Moritz Pinder (ed.): Itinerarium Antonini Augusti et Hierosolymitanum . Berlin 1848, p. 131; Hans Bauer: The Roman highways between Iller and Salzach according to the Itinerarium Antonini and the Tabula Peutingeriana. New research results on route guidance. Utz, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-8316-0740-2 , p. 14 ( online at Google Books)
  3. ↑ Rupert Breitwieser, Andreas Lippert : Pass routes of the Celtic and Roman times in the Eastern Alps . In: Mitteilungen der Anthropologische Gesellschaft in Wien , 129 (1999), p. 127.
  4. ↑ Hans Kratzer: Huge building project discovered by the Romans in the Murnauer Moos , Süddeutsche Zeitung from August 10, 2018, accessed on May 9, 2019.
  5. ↑ Werner Zanier : Excavation: The Roman Emperor Claudius on the wrong track? In: Akademie aktuell of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences No. 65 (2/2018), pages 62–71 ISSN  1436-753X ( PDF, 1.73 MB )
  6. ↑ Industry and Nature , Murnau Castle Museum , accessed on May 8, 2019.
  7. ↑ Fundchronik , in: Germania Vol. 10 No. 2 (1926), p. 159 (PDF, 4 MB), DOI: 10.11588 / ger.1926.20798 .
  8. ^ A b Hans Bauer: The Roman highways between Iller and Salzach according to the Itinerarium Antonini and the Tabula Peutingeriana. New research results on route guidance. Munich 2007, pp. 52ff and 103. And Konrad Miller: Iternaria Romana. Roman travel routes illustrated using the Tabula Peutingeriana. Stuttgart 1916.
  9. ↑ a b Route sketches by Hans Bauer ( Memento from July 25, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  10. ↑ Paul Reinecke : A Roman beating path in the Eschenloher Moor , in: Germania Vol. 19 No. 1 (1935), pp. 57-60 (PDF, 12.5 MB), DOI: 10.11588 / ger.1935.34789 .
  11. ↑ Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Italian Journey , Chapter 3 on Project Gutenberg-DE