Franzensfeste

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Franzensfeste
(Italian: Fortezza )
coat of arms
Franzensfeste coat of arms
 map
Franzensfeste in South Tyrol - Positionskarte.svg
State : Italy
Region : Trentino-South Tyrol
Province : Bolzano - South Tyrol
District community : Wipptal
Inhabitants :
(VZ 2011 / 31.12.2019) 		971 / 1.005
Language groups :
(according to 2011 census ) 		59.63% German
38.51% Italian
1.86% Ladin
Coordinates 46 ° 47 '  N , 11 ° 37'  E Coordinates: 46 ° 47 '  N , 11 ° 37'  E
Altitude : 723– 2708  m slm (center: 749  m slm )
Surface: 61.74 km²
Permanent settlement area: 2.4 km²
Parliamentary groups : Grass stone , Mittewald
Neighboring municipalities: Freienfeld , Mühlbach , Naz-Sciaves , Sarntal , Vahrn
Partnership with : Zeitlarn ( D )
Postal code : 39045
Area code : 0472
ISTAT number: 021032
Tax number: 00246310213
Mayor  (2015): Thomas Klapfer ( SVP )

Franzensfeste ([ ˈfrantsn̩sˌfɛstɛ ]; Italian Fortezza ) is an Italian municipality with 1005 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019) in South Tyrol near Bressanone . The municipality is named after the Franzensfeste fortress, which was built between 1833 and 1838 .

In the local dialect the inhabitants are called "Franzensfeschtilå" ( Franzensfestler ).

geography

The municipality of Franzensfeste is located in the south of the Wipptal in South Tyrol . The Wipptal, through which the Eisack flows , is very narrow, framed by steep valley flanks before it rises into the Brixner valley basin or Eisack valley, and offers little space for settlements on its course, which extends from northwest to southeast.

In the southeast of the capital of the municipality, Fortezza (730- lies 750  meters slm ), near the eponymous fortress Fortezza and right on Francis Fester Reservoir ( 723  m located), the southeast end already to the neighboring village of Natz belongs. Next up the valley are the fractions Mittenwald ( 800  m ), and - on the northern border to the municipality free field - grass stone ( 850  m ). The Sachsenklemme , a particularly narrow section of the valley, lies between the two villages .

The 61.74 km² municipal area also includes the mountain ranges that border the Wipptal on both sides. To the northeast rise up the southern foothills of the Zillertal Alps , which separate the Wipptal from the lower Valler Tal (municipality of Mühlbach ), but hardly reach above the tree line. The Franzensfest municipality on the south-western side of the valley in the Sarntal Alps includes significantly higher peaks . Be divided them from the Wipptal by branching at Grasstein Bergltal and just south of Mittenwald acquiring its initial Flaggertal but whose upper portion already to the southern neighboring municipality of Varna belongs. The most important Franzensfester peaks can be found in the ridge that bears the western border to the municipality of Sarntal : Tagewaldhorn ( 2708  m ), Sulzspitze ( 2577  m ) and Tatschspitze ( 2526  m ).

geology

Bressanone granite with a mafic enclave. The handpiece comes from Franzensfeste

The Brixen granite immediately south of the Periadriatic Seam is characteristic of the area around Franzensfeste . It is a medium-grain, light, plutonic rock, consisting mainly of feldspar , quartz and biotite . Petrographically, the rock is classified as granodiorite . At the edge of the pluton a clear contact metamorphosis can be determined. The intrusive body formed in the Permian and is therefore approx. 280 Ma old.

The granite is much more resistant to erosion than the surrounding crystalline slate , which partly explains the above-mentioned unusual valley between Sterzing and Brixen.

history

Franzensfeste station

As early as 2500 BC There was a small settlement near today's Franzensfeste (proven by finds of household utensils). It was on the route of the Amber Road . Around 15 BC The Romans under Tiberius and Drusus defeated the Raetians in a battle near Bozen. The place became part of the Roman Empire. In several archaeological excavations a 140 m long stretch of the Via Raetia was uncovered.

During the coalition wars , General Lefebvre and 2500 French, Saxons and Bavarians advanced south through the Eisack Valley during the Tyrolean struggle for freedom on August 4th and 5th, 1809 . Near Franzensfeste, the association of 500 Tyrolean riflemen under Andreas Hofer was wiped out in an ambush, the Sachsenklemme later named after the event .

In the years from 1833 to 1838 the fortress Franzensfeste was built .

Franzensfeste fortress

In 1889 a small obelisk was erected on Franzensfeste, which marks a geodetic fixed point . At this point, a latitude and a meridian meet. The original brand lies at 736.4520  meters above the Adriatic Sea .

Through the Treaty of Saint-Germain , the previously Austrian Franzensfeste became Italian as part of South Tyrol in 1920.

The village of Franzensfeste has been an important traffic junction in the Brenner traffic for centuries. In the past, and partly still because of the Brennerbahn and the Pustertal Railway , today especially through the motorway exit for Brixen and the Pustertal . Initially, the village was part of the Mittewald community . In 1940 Franzensfeste was declared the capital and Mittewald became a fraction of Franzensfeste.

On August 15, 1998, a mud and debris avalanche broke up and buried the A22 Brenner motorway . Five people were killed. More landslides took place in summer 2009, and another person lost his life.

The southern exit point of the Brenner Base Tunnel is planned in Franzensfeste . For this purpose, an exploratory tunnel is being built near Aicha in the municipality of Natz-Schabs. To accommodate the workers, a large container settlement was built in the village of Franzensfeste near the historic train station renovated in 2008 (from the time of the Habsburg monarchy ).

population

year population Language groups
German Italian Ladin
1900 0844 98.08% 1.92% -
1921 1,581 - - -
1931 1,460 - - -
1936 1,355 - - -
1951 1,429 - - -
1961 1,621 - - -
1971 1.312 46.00% 53.50% 0.49%
1981 1,130 48.86% 49.95% 1.18%
1991 0915 53.81% 44.11% 2.08%
2001 0892 57.82% 40.69% 1.49%
2011 0971 59.63% 38.51% 1.86%

traffic

For motor traffic , Franzensfeste is primarily opened up by the SS 12 , which runs right through the center of the main town, and the A22 , which has the Brixen - Pustertal entry and exit just south of the Vahrner municipality . Franzensfeste is also an important junction for rail traffic: at Franzensfeste station , the Brennerbahn , which crosses the municipality parallel to Eisack, SS 12 and A22, and the Pustertalbahn meet.

The 64 kilometer long Brenner Base Tunnel from Innsbruck to Franzensfeste is currently being built .

politics

mayor

Municipal Council (2015)
2
2
8th
2 2 8th 
A total of 12 seats

Mayor since 1952:

  • 1952-1983: Oddo Bronzo
  • 1983–1988: Konrad Stamper
  • 1988-1990: Michele Pirrello
  • 1990-2010: Johann Wild
  • 2010–2015: Richard Amort
  • since 2015: Thomas Klapfer

coat of arms

Description: A curved, white-edged green tip divides the escutcheon into red and blue. The fork shows the community as a traffic junction. Red stands for the rock, blue for the Eisack reservoir, green for the Unterau.

education

In the main town of Franzensfeste and in the Mittewald fraction there are two German-speaking primary schools that belong to the school district of the neighboring municipality of Vahrn. The Italian-speaking primary school "Collodi" is located in the main town and is administered by the district of Brixen.

Attractions

Sons and daughters of the church

  • Karl Ebner (1901–1983), deputy head of the Secret State Police in Vienna during the Nazi era
  • Rudolf Hernegger (1919–2012), German science journalist and non-fiction author
  • Franz Plaickner (1930–2011), trade unionist and politician
  • Ferdinand Willeit (1938–2018), manager and politician

literature

  • Christoph Hackelsberger : The kk Franzensfeste: a monumental work of fortification art of the 19th century. Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1986, ISBN 978-3-422-00795-6 .
  • Flavio Schimenti, Laura Facchinelli: Fortezza-Franzensfeste: The fortress, the railway, the village - La fortificazione, la ferrovia, il paese. Franzensfeste parish, Comune di Fortezza, Vahrn 1998.

Web links

Commons : Franzensfeste  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Tirol Atlas tiroLexikon: Franzensfeste (South Tyrol). In: uibk.ac.at , accessed on May 29, 2020.
  2. ^ Page of the parish of Franzensfeste
  3. ↑ Josef Rohrer: The Fortezza . For an enemy who never came. History of an imposing building. Ed .: Autonomous Province of Bolzano, Office for Architectural and Art Monuments. Bolzano July 2008, p. 30 ( online [PDF; 2.0 MB ; accessed on July 12, 2013]).
  4. ↑ still as community Mittewald - community encyclopedia VIII, Tyrol and Vorarlberg 1900, p. 30
  5. ↑ The official number of citizens and the language groups in South Tyrol by municipality and district - 1981 census, p. 24
  6. ↑ South Tyrol in Numbers (Bozen 1994), p. 14
  7. ↑ 2001 census. Calculation of the population of the three language groups in the province of Bolzano-South Tyrol, p. 6
  8. ^ Walter Mayr, Conny Neumann, Gerald Traufetter: New Brenner tunnel: Europe's umbilical cord . Der Spiegel 36/2016, September 3, 2016.
  9. ↑ The mayors of the South Tyrolean municipalities since 1952. (PDF; 15 MB) In: Festschrift 50 Years of the South Tyrolean Association of Municipalities 1954–2004. Association of South Tyrolean municipalities, pp. 139–159 , accessed on November 16, 2015 .
  10. ↑ Primary school district Vahrn. South Tyrolean Citizens' Network , accessed on October 25, 2014 .
  11. ↑ Brixen school district. South Tyrolean Citizens' Network, accessed on October 25, 2014 .