Kurtatsch

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Kurtatsch on the Wine Route
(Italian: Cortaccia ssv )
coat of arms
Coat of arms of Kurtatsch on the Wine Route
 map
Kurtatsch on the Wine Route in South Tyrol - Positionskarte.svg
State : Italy
Region : Trentino-South Tyrol
Province : Bolzano - South Tyrol
District community : Überetsch-Unterland
Inhabitants :
(VZ 2018 / 31.12.2019) 		2.238 / 2.219
Language groups :
(according to the 2018 census ) 		96.25% German
3.36% Italian
0.38% Ladin
Coordinates 46 ° 19 ′  N , 11 ° 13 ′  E Coordinates: 46 ° 19 ′  N , 11 ° 13 ′  E
Altitude : 212– 1856  m slm (center: 333  m slm )
Surface: 30.19 km²
Permanent settlement area: 9.6 km²
Parliamentary groups : Entiklar , Graun , Oberfennberg, Penon
Neighboring municipalities: Predaia ( TN ), Margreid , Neumarkt , Roverè della Luna (TN), Ton (TN), Tramin
Postal code : 39040
Area code : 0471
ISTAT number: 021024
Tax number: 80010130211
Mayor  (2015): Martin Fischer ( SVP )

Kurtatsch an der Weinstrasse ([ kʊrˈtatʃ ]; Italian : Cortaccia sulla strada del vino ) is an Italian municipality with 2219 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019) in South Tyrol . Kurtatsch is one of the villages in the Unterland on the South Tyrolean Wine Route and is one of the southernmost villages in the German-speaking area.

geography

Kurtatsch with the Merndelkamm towering behind it, seen from the northeast

The municipality of Kurtatsch is located in the Unterland , a section of the Etsch Valley in southern South Tyrol, on the orographic right (western) side of the valley. The main town, Kurtatsch (260- 410  m slm ), is slightly elevated at the foot of the slope of the Mendel comb . The section of the valley floor below and belonging to the municipality, which borders Tramin in the north, Neumarkt in the east and Margreid in the south , extends as far as the Adige . Just south of the capital is also only slightly above the bottom of the valley, the fraction Entiklar (210- 240  m ).

Several farms, hamlets and village settlements are located higher up and are scattered over the low mountain slopes of the Mendelkamm , which are included in another four fractions. On a high plateau in the north of the total of 30.19 km² municipal area is Graun (790- 840  m ); west behind the town and Entiklars are Hofstatt , a scattered settlement without real village center, and the distributed on slope terraces Penon (580- 620  m ); in the south of the municipality finally rises Fennberg the fraction on its northern plateau half Oberfennberg (1160- 1170  m place) place. The heights of the Mendelkamm, which is part of the Nonsberg group , rise above the Kurtatsch settlement areas to the west and bear the border with Trentino . Among the less prominent peaks there, the Tresner Horn ( 1812  m ) forms the highest point in the municipality.

history

Kurtatsch is first mentioned in a document in the so-called Vigilius letter from the 11th century as "Curtasze" . The origin of the name Kurtatsch (cf. Latin curtis: the courtyard) is viewed by experts as a collection of higher-lying courtyards.

prehistory

Roman statue of Mercury found in the courtyard of the Widums of the Vigilius Church

A number of scattered and reading finds show that some places were settled in the Middle and Late Stone Age . In the town of Rungg, which at times belonged to Kurtatsch, a Bronze Age menhir was found that dates back to the 3rd millennium BC. And is now in the Ferdinandeum in Innsbruck. A menhir blank was found in front of the nursing home in Kurtatsch, and several cup stones in Graun also point to the Bronze Age. The local researcher from Kurtatsch, Luis Hauser, found a copper smelter with melting furnaces in Fennhals, which is now in the Archeology Museum in Bolzano .

Antiquity

Numerous Roman finds were made in the area of ​​today's Kurtatsch, particularly on the hill of today's parish church. The remains of a Roman villa were found there. In the niche, wooden parts of a vine that were dated to the 3rd century were found.

The discovery of a marble torso in 1860 in the atrium of today's Widum was spectacular. The 68 cm high statue represents the Roman god Mercurius and is located in the museum of the Buonconsiglio Castle in Trento (at the time of the discovery, the parish of Kurtatsch was still part of the Archdiocese of Trento ). The statue's head and hands were probably cut off in the course of Christianization.

Since there is a circle of pillars with a diameter of six meters under the presbytery of today's parish church, it is reasonable to assume that the Christian church was built on a Roman temple. The pillars found are made of red marble and have a diameter of 32 cm. Where the parish hall is today, there used to be an urn field, of which only a few pottery shards testify. A Roman stone sarcophagus was found when the parking lot next to the parish church was being built in 1970. A Roman millstone is currently in the Bolzano City Museum . Also coins of the Macedonian kings Alexander the Great , Alexander IV. , Philip III. and Antigonus I were excavated.

middle Ages

After the collapse of the Western Roman Empire , Kurtatsch was the seat of a Lombard curtis around 580 . It was also the place of jurisdiction, the name of which was changed to the current place name as curtis regia . It is not known whether the place had a Lombard castle, nor whether there was already an Arian church in the 6th century . It should at least have been a seat of the Longobard Duke Ewin of Trento. This is indicated by remains of the foundation wall that were found during road construction.

Parish Church of St. Vigilius

The place belonged ecclesiastically like a number of other places on the west side of the southern lowlands to the diocese of Trento and was bishopric. It is possible that the legendary Bishop Vigilius of Trient came to this part of the Unterland around 400 AD and laid the foundation for a Vigilius Chapel, which, however, was not documented with the patronage until after 1300. In 1328 the Vigilius Chapel is attested as part of the parish of Kaltern ("ecclesia et capela sancti Vigillii de Cortaz plebis Caldari"). A second early chapel dedicated to Saint Valentine is puzzling . Valentin was a wandering bishop who came from the north around 420 AD, wandered to Trento and is said to have died later in a hermitage near Merano. The chapel or church, which was mentioned in a few documents, is missing today.

In the year 855 a “predium in Lenticlare [today Entiklar]… in Curtazze” was given to the diocese of Trento along with other goods between Tramin and Kurtatsch by a Henericus [TUB I / 1, n. 13]. There must have been a church by then. This early church goes to the foundation and donation “ecclesia ... ss. Quiricus et Jolitta de Tramino et Lenticlarum ”, which was carried out by“ Regineri et Heinricus fc comitis lege vivente Langobardorum ”and whose text is in a forged document (around 1190). 1022 appeared in "Curtazze una ecclesia ad Curtasca et una ecclesia in Curono" (Kurtatsch and Graun). From this it becomes clear that at that time Graun was probably an offshoot of the church of Kurtatsch.

Strehlburg residence, first mentioned in a document in 1492

Renaissance and early modern times

Several stately mansions were built in the 15th and 16th centuries. The Strehlburg was first mentioned in 1492 and is known for its Old Testament fresco cycle from the 16th century (Creation of Eve, Fall of Man, Judgment of Solomon, the three young men in the fiery furnace). In the Freienfeld residence there are well-preserved frescoes with grotesques , depictions of the Metamorphoses of Ovid and the judgment of Paris .

20th century

Farm ⊙

Kurtatsch belonged to the county of Tyrol and thus to Austria-Hungary until the end of the First World War . Within Tyrol, Kurtatsch was assigned to the judicial district of Kaltern , which in turn was part of the Bolzano district . With the Treaty of Saint-Germain , Kurtatsch came to Italy in 1920, along with most of Tyrol south of the main Alpine ridge . When the two provinces of Bolzano and Trento emerged in these formerly Austrian areas in 1927, Kurtatsch, as well as several other surrounding communities, was added to the predominantly Italian-speaking province of Trento. With the fall of Mussolini and the German invasion of northern Italy in 1943, South Tyrol - and with it Kurtatsch as well - came under National Socialist rule as an operational zone for the Alpine Foreland until the end of the war in 1945. It was not until 1948 that Kurtatsch was incorporated into the province of Bozen or South Tyrol.

The municipality of Kurtatsch also changed geographically in the 20th century: in 1913 it lost the Söll faction and in 1978 the Rungg faction to Tramin. The church affiliation also changed in the course of the 20th century: The parish of Kurtatsch, which had always belonged to the Archdiocese of Trento , came to the newly designed Diocese of Bolzano-Brixen on August 6, 1964 through the papal bull Quo aptius with the entire lowland .

Attractions

Sintered lime source

The stately mansions are especially worth seeing: the frescoed mansion Freienfeld is owned by the municipality, the cellars are used by the Kurtatsch winery. The Baron Widmann winery is located in the Staffelfeld estate. The Strehlburg residence (including the chapel) is known for its renaissance fresco cycle and is privately owned. Next to it is the Ortenburg from the 15th century, the gate of which is surrounded by a high wall. The Tiefenbrunner Manor in Entiklar is the seat of the Tiefenbrunner Castle Cellar.

The wine trail, which leads past several natural monuments, including the limestone spring northeast of the cemetery, is popular.

Via Kurtatsch you can reach the Fennberg and Fennberger See .

economy

View of the main town of Kurtatsch from Graun

The main source of income for the people of Kurtatsch are viticulture and fruit growing. While extensive orchards are cultivated in the valley (approx. 600 ha ), international quality wine grows on the slopes around and above Kurtatsch (approx. 330 ha). Almost half of the population works in agriculture in over 300 businesses. The most important wine producers based in Kurtatsch are the Kurtatsch winery (a cooperative), the Baron Widmann winery and the Tiefenbrunner castle winery.

traffic

For motor traffic , Kurtatsch is primarily accessible via the Weinstrasse , which passes close to the village center. The eastern side of the valley floor is crossed by the A22 and the Brennerbahn . The latter offers an access point there at the Margreid-Kurtatsch train station - located in the municipality of Margreid .

education

In the municipality there are three primary schools in the main town of Kurtatsch, in Graun and in Penon, which together are connected to the German school district of the neighboring municipality of Tramin.

politics

mayor

Mayor since 1952:

  • Johann Peer: 1952–1960
  • Vigil Peer: 1960-1980
  • Oswald Schiefer : 1980–2010
  • Martin Fischer: since 2010

coat of arms

Municipal coat of arms

In blue a golden post horn with similar tassels, accompanied by two golden six-pointed stars above and below. The original coat of arms is likely to have been composed of the family coat of arms of the wealthy family "an der Platten" (hunting horn) and the family Masseregn (four stars). This later resulted in the richer design of the originally simple hunting horn, as it is still preserved today on a holy water basin of the church enclosure wall from the 16th century, today's post horn.

Personalities

literature

  • Johann Mayr , Veronika Gruber, Luis Hauser, Josef Nössing, Oswald Schiefer , Martin Schweiggl, Siegmund Schweiggl: Kurtatsch and its area through the ages . Brixen: Athesia 1995 ( online ).
  • Leo Andergassen : The churches of Kurtatsch . Pluristamp, Bozen 2006.

Web links

Commons : Kurtatsch  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Franz Huter : The so-called Vigilius letter. A contribution to the history of the older documentary system of the bishops of Trento. In: Mitteilungen des Institut für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung 50, 1936, pp. 35–72, reference p. 52 doi: 10.7767 / miog.1936.50.12.35 .
  2. ^ Ferdinandeum: Prehistoric and Early Historical and Provincial Roman Collections. Retrieved May 15, 2019 .
  3. ↑ Kurtatsch community: History. Retrieved May 15, 2019 .
  4. ^ Winery Baron Widmann: Historisches. Retrieved May 15, 2019 .
  5. ↑ Johann Mayr, Veronika Gruber, Luis Hauser, Josef Nössing, Oswald Schiefer, Martin Schweiggl, Siegmund Schweiggl: Municipality of Kurtatsch (ed.): Kurtatsch and its area through the ages . Kurtatsch 1995 ( online ), p. 84.
  6. ↑ Mayr et al. 1995, p. 84.
  7. ↑ Mayr et al. 1995, p. 84.
  8. ↑ Mayr et al. 1995, p. 87.
  9. ↑ Mayr et al. 1995, p. 85.
  10. ^ Otto Stolz : The expansion of Germanness in South Tyrol in the light of the documents. 5 volumes. Munich-Berlin 1927-1932, Volume 2, p. 111.
  11. ^ Hannes Obermair : Bozen Süd - Bolzano Nord. Written form and documentary tradition of the city of Bozen up to 1500 . tape 1 . City of Bozen, Bozen 2005, ISBN 88-901870-0-X , p. 244, no.442 .
  12. ↑ Südtiroler Sagenschatz, Truth and Sage (1949), p. 512 [Schlern Publ.].
  13. ↑ Hanns-Paul Ties: Imagery of the nobility. Wall paintings of the late Renaissance in South Tyrolean and Trentino residences ( online )
  14. ↑ Tourist Association South Tyrolean Unterland: Ansitz Freienfeld. Retrieved May 15, 2019 .
  15. ^ ORF : Dioceses celebrate their 50th birthday. , August 5, 2014, accessed April 21, 2020.
  16. ^ Kurtatsch community: worth knowing. Retrieved May 15, 2019 .
  17. ↑ Tramin school district. South Tyrolean Citizens' Network , accessed on October 25, 2014 .
  18. ↑ The mayors of the South Tyrolean municipalities since 1952. (PDF; 15 MB) In: Festschrift 50 Years of the South Tyrolean Association of Municipalities 1954–2004. Association of South Tyrolean municipalities, pp. 139–159 , accessed on November 16, 2015 .