Salurn

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Salurn
(Italian: Salorno )
coat of arms
Salurn coat of arms
 map
Salurn in South Tyrol - Positionskarte.svg
State : Italy
Region : Trentino-South Tyrol
Province : Bolzano - South Tyrol
District community : Überetsch-Unterland
Inhabitants :
(VZ 2011 / 31.12.2019) 		3.545 / 3,807
Language groups :
(according to 2011 census ) 		37.74% German
61.85% Italian
0.40% Ladin
Coordinates 46 ° 14 '  N , 11 ° 12'  E Coordinates: 46 ° 14 '  N , 11 ° 12'  E
Altitude : 224  m slm
Surface: 33.20 km²
Permanent settlement area: 10.0 km²
Parliamentary groups : Buchholz , Gfrill
Neighboring municipalities: Capriana , Cembra Lisignago , Giovo , Altavalle , Kurtinig , Margreid , Mezzocorona , Montan , Neumarkt , Roverè della Luna
Postal code : 39040
Area code : 0471
ISTAT number: 021076
Tax number: 80010970210
Mayor  (2015): Roland Lazzeri ( SVP )

Salurn an der Weinstrasse ([ saˈlʊrn ]; Italian Salorno sulla strada del vino ) is the southernmost municipality in South Tyrol ( Italy ) and has 3807 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019). Salurn lies at the end of the South Tyrolean Wine Route , about 30 kilometers south of Bolzano , and is the largest white wine-growing region in South Tyrol. The Etsch , the largest river in South Tyrol and the second largest in Italy, flows past the town center and divides the lowlands in two.

In Salorno narrows the Adige valley to Salorno that one of the southernmost points of the closed German-speaking world is. Only Zermatt, much further west in the Swiss Wallis , is another 13 degree minutes further south .

geography

The municipality of Salurn extends over an area of ​​33.20 km² in the extreme south of South Tyrol on the border with Trentino . It occupies parts of the Unterlandler valley floor as well as mountain ranges that border the Adige Valley to the east and south-east.

The main town, Salurn (210- 240  m slm ) was on the orographic left side of the Adige on a alluvial fan built in, which had formed over time at the foot of Titschenfalls. This elevation above the valley floor was a natural protection against the floods of the Adige, which regularly flooded the lowlands. All the streets in the historic town center lead downwards in a funnel shape: a precautionary measure from earlier epochs, when the Etsch still frequently overflowed its banks. Only recently have they been built closer to the Adige and further out into the plain; the section of the valley floor belonging to Salurn is mainly used for agriculture and borders in the north on the neighboring communities of Neumarkt , Kurtinig and Margreid .

At the height of the town center, the Adige Valley, which runs in a north-south direction up to this point, makes a bend to the south-west, creating a narrowing between the Geier in the south-east and the Fennberg in the north-west - the Salurn hermitage, sung about in the Bozen mountaineering song . This represents the southern border of South Tyrol and is also considered the southern end of the German-speaking Tyrol. In the area of ​​the Klause, the Salurn municipal area also crosses the Adige and reaches close to the foot of the Fennberg and the neighboring village of Roverè della Luna , which is already in Trentino.

To the east and south-east over the lowlands near Salurn rises the wooded mountain range, part of the Fleimstal Alps , which separates the Adige Valley from the Cembra Valley in Trentino and is largely protected in the Trudner Horn Nature Park . On a mittelgebirgigen wide Hangverebnung here the small center (550- 580  m ) and the many farms of the fraction Buchholz from; even higher - in an open south mountain saddle between Madruttberg and Monte Corno - also still lies the mountain village of Caprile (1320- 1340  m slm ).

and display information about the image
The town center as seen from Haderburg looking north

population

year population delta Language groups
1900 2,066 - 61.36% German, 38.64% Italian, 0.00% Ladin
1941 2,447 + 18.4% -
1951 2,788 + 13.9% -
1961 2,784 ± 0% -
1971 2,640 −5.2% 22.77% German, 77.04% Italian, 0.19% Ladin
1981 2,542 −3.7% 39.55% German, 60.12% Italian, 0.32% Ladin
1991 2,545 ± 0% 37.9% German, 61.31% Italian, 0.78% Ladin
2001 2,938 + 15.4% 37.43% German, 62.19% Italian, 0.39% Ladin
2011 3,542 + 20.6% 37.74% German, 61.85% Italian, 0.40% Ladin

The municipality of Salurn has 3452 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2008), of which around 60 percent are Italian as their mother tongue.

The population has grown rapidly since the 2001 census. At that time the population was 2938 people. In 1981 it was 2542. The strong increase over the past decade is mainly due to the immigration of foreigners, the proportion of which on December 31, 2008 was 18.9% or 651 people. In comparison, it was 6.4% in 2001 and 8.7% in 2003 (262 people). The proportion of foreigners in South Tyrol was around 7.3% in 2008. The oversupply of rental apartments is the most likely reason for the above-average concentration, as only a small proportion work in Salurn itself. All residents who do not have Italian citizenship are considered foreigners; thus EU citizens are included in these figures.

The following table shows the demographic development of the municipality of Salurn. The censuses are taken in year 1 of every decade. The number for 2008 refers to preliminary calculations.

history

The villages of Salurn and Buchholz go back to Roman settlements, so they came into being at the turn of the times. In Buchholz there are still remnants of an old Roman road. A large Roman cemetery was found on the Galgenbühel, a small elevation south of Salurn that served as a place of execution. The hill has been used as a gravel pit in the last few decades and has been completely removed.

Salurn is first mentioned in a document in 575 AD: This is where the battle took place in which the Lombard Duke of Trento was able to repel the Franks advancing southwards . The place at the hermitage found its way into the annals of history under the name Salurnis .

The reason for Salurn's rise is its strategic location. Not only the hermitage was important; the path over the Saúchsattel into the Cembra valley , which was used to bypass the hermitage, also begins here . The entire lowland was swampy at that time and therefore often impassable. The artist Albrecht Dürer also had to avoid this route in 1494 , so that this route is now called the Dürerweg . Due to its location on an important north-south axis, the village was also a post office, as the mention in the Younger Augsburg Mile Disc shows, and it had an important rafting place on the Adige.

The Haderburg near Salurn

Many witnesses to history have been preserved. For example, there are still old lime pits in Buchholz, in which lime was burned, and two wolf pits. These are traps from a time when bears and wolves still lived in many of Europe's forests. There is also an old mill in Buchholz that was restored only a few years ago. Above the village perched on a jagged rock the Haderburg the saga, scene The old wine cellar in Salorno that in the collection of German Legends of the Brothers Grimm is included. The appearance of Salurn is urban and has an unusually large number of elaborate buildings from the 15th to 18th centuries, including magnificent mansions of the nobility.

20th century

Salurn belonged to the county of Tyrol and thus to Austria-Hungary until the end of the First World War . Within Tyrol, Salurn was assigned to the Neumarkt judicial district , which in turn was part of the Bozen district . Through the Treaty of Saint-Germain , Salurn came to Italy in 1920 together with most of Tyrol south of the main Alpine ridge , although as early as 1915 various Italian politicians such as the Trentino irredentist Cesare Battisti had spoken out in favor of a future Italian-Austrian border at the Salurn Klause. At the census in 1921, the majority of the citizens of Salurn declared themselves to be members of the German ethnic group. However, the data were corrected by a state commission, for example by assigning residents who had an Italian-sounding family name to the Italian language group. Thus Salurn lost the German majority together with other Unterlandler communities. After numerous measures to Italianize during the time of fascism (including the exile from Salurn, Josef Noldin , the last German-South Tyrolean mayor of Salurn, Ferdinand Gelmini von Kreutzhof , elected in the municipal council elections in 1922 , and his daughter Berta, who attended a catacomb school ) , was deposed taught, imprisoned) only a minority declared that they belonged to the German language group; most recently this was around 37% of the population.

When in 1927 the two provinces of Bolzano and Trento emerged on the formerly Austrian territories, Salurn, like some other surrounding communities, was added to the predominantly Italian-speaking province of Trento. The measure was decided by the government in order to force the Italianization of the so-called "mixed-language areas". On May 30, 1946, at a protest rally organized by the South Tyrolean People's Party , Castelfeder called for the return of the Unterland to the province of Bolzano. In 1948 Salurn was finally incorporated into the province of Bozen or South Tyrol.

In 1961, road worker Giovanni Postal, who was the first - albeit unintentional - victim of the Liberation Committee of South Tyrol (BAS), died on the border south of Salurn when he tried to defuse a bomb attached to a tree.

In 1981 a major flood occurred when the Adige river poured over the residential and cultural areas of Salurno in the early morning of July 19th as a result of a dam burst north of the village center.

Haderburg fire accident

In the summer of 1939 there was a fire near the Salurner Klause and the Haderburg. Back then, two young people looked after the sheep from the village every summer day. Since they had nothing to do the rest of the day, they passed the time with "carbide shooting" . A hole in the ground was dug, water was poured into it, a 1 cm² piece of carbide was placed in a tin can, a hole was drilled in the top of the can, the can was placed in the hole with the hole closed and the sides were filled up. The gas produced by the chemical reaction heats the can. As soon as the person closing the small hole in the can can no longer stand the heat, a second person drives there with a lighted match and an explosion occurs that hurls the can 30 meters away.

This time, however, the end of the can caught fire. The can landed behind a 10 to 15 meter high rock wall, where the fire ignited dry grass and bushes. The fire spread very quickly and the source of the fire grew bigger and bigger. Much of the mountain burned down. Many residents of the village helped to keep the fire away from the rest of the area by digging ditches. It took several days before the fire could be extinguished. There was minor property damage to the castle, but no personal injury.

politics

Mayor since 1952:

  • Giuseppe Pomarolli: 1952-1956
  • Giacomo Pojer: 1956-1969
  • Lino Tessadri: 1969-1985
  • Giancarlo Scannavinni: 1985-2000
  • Giorgio Giacomozzi: 2000-2015
  • Roland Lazzeri: since 2015

education

In Salurn there is a German-speaking and an Italian-speaking elementary school and middle school . The two German-speaking institutions belong to two different school districts in the neighboring municipality of Neumarkt; the Italian-speaking schools are jointly managed by the Sprengel Unterland.

Culture and sport

Associations and associations

In Salurn there is a lively club life, which characterizes village life. Among other things, there is a rescue station of the State Rescue Association White Cross , a volunteer fire brigade , a music band, local groups of the South Tyrolean Farmers 'Union , the farmers and the Alpine Association of South Tyrol , their Italian counterparts Coldiretti, Donne Rurali and Club Alpino Italiano , the South Tyrolean farmers' youth as well as various choirs and leisure clubs .

The most important sports clubs are the SV Salurn football club, which plays in the major league, the GS Geier women's broomball club, which was Italian champion for the tenth time in 2009, the five-time Italian broomball champion S. V. Buchholz '89 and the volley team VT Salurn.

Maschggra (Carnival)

Salurn has an old Maschggrat tradition . Up to the turn of the 20th century there was an Egetmann parade in the village and in 1949 there was a carnival procession with around 400 participants under the motto “Thousand and One Nights”. But in the end the tradition flattened out.

In 2010 an attempt was made to revive the carnival. A new move in the style of an old Unterlandler Maschggra was designed around the historical figure of Perkeo , a native of Salurn. Perkeo returns from Heidelberg to take control of the village. From the handover of the keys by the mayor on Nonsensical Thursday to the move on Saturday to the return of keys on Shrove Tuesday , Salurn is under the sign of the hard-drinking dwarf for a week.

Attractions

The Salurn waterfall
  • The ruins of the Haderburg , Salurn's landmark
  • Numerous alleys and squares worth seeing
  • Salurn waterfall in the back of the village. However, the water only falls from the vertical rock faces after heavy rainfall, as the water-impermeable layer of earth was accidentally removed during work on the torrent control.
Residence of the Gelmini von Kreutzhof family in Salurn, home of Hortense von Gelmini's parents

traffic

For motor traffic , Salurn is primarily opened up by the SS 12 , which passes close to the village center. On the orographic right side of the Etsch, the municipality area is crossed by the A22 . The Brennerbahn runs parallel to the autobahn and offers an access point at Salurno train station .

Sons and daughters of the church

One of Salurn's most famous sons is Lieutenant Field Marshal Franz Philipp Fenner von Fenneberg (1759–1824), who fought against the French and Turks and founded the Tyrolean Kaiserjäger .

Another, born in the Buchholz district, is the legendary Heidelberg dwarf Perkeo , guardian of the large barrel of Heidelberg Castle , who is said to have always said “perché no?” (German: “why not?”) When he was offered something to drink .

A famous Salurnian of the past century is Josef Noldin (1888–1929), who helped found German-speaking catacomb schools in the fascist interwar period and was exiled to the southern Italian island of Lipari for a few years .

Other personalities:

literature

  • Karl Finsterwalder : The field and place names of Salurn. In: Publications of the Museum Ferdinandeum. 18, 1938, pp. 643-694.
  • Otto Stolz : Neumarkt and Salurn in their relationship to Tyrolean regional history. In: The Sciliar . 20, 1946, pp. 292-299. (on-line)
  • Hannes Obermair : Social Production of Law? The wisdom of the court Salurn in South Tyrol from 1403. In: Concilium Medii Aevi . 4, 2001, pp. 179-208; and in: Tyrolean homeland . 65, 2001, pp. 5-24. ( online , PDF file; 274 kB)
  • Hannes Obermair: Diritto come produione sociale? Riflessioni su uno statuto rurale alpino della Val d'Adige del primo Quattrocento. In: Corona Alpium II. Miscellanea di studi in onore di Carlo Alberto Mastrelli (Archivio per l'Alto Adige 97/98). Florence 2003/04, pp. 337-367, and in: Rivista Storica del Lazio. 21, 2005/2006, pp. 171-191.
  • Salurner Büchl. Contributions to the local history of Salurn (Schlern-Schriften 155). Wagner: Innsbruck 2015. ISBN 978-3-703008733 .
  • Walter Landi: Haderburg. The festivals at the Salurner Klause. Castles 5. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-7954-2163-2 .
  • Albert Casata: a story that life wrote. Fire disaster in Salurn. 2011, pp. 3–4.

Web links

Commons : Salurn  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Salurn in the Topographia Austriacarum (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Autonomous Province of Bolzano-South Tyrol, State Institute for Statistics - ASTAT
  2. ↑ Vigilio Mattevi: From the past Salorno . Salurn 2004, p. 171
  3. ^ Brothers Grimm: The old wine cellar near Salurn
  4. ↑ Antonio Scottà: La Conferenza di pace di Parigi fra ieri e domani (1919-1920) , seen in books Google , on 25 January 2011
  5. ^ Eduard Reut-Nicolussi: Tyrol under the ax. Munich 1928, p. 106
  6. ↑ Eduard Reut-Nicolussi and the South Tyrol Question 1918–1958 . Part 2, Innsbruck 2007, p. 71
  7. ^ Kurtinig community (ed.): Kurtinig. A village on the linguistic border in the past and present.
  8. ↑ Hans Karl Peterlini: South Tyrolean bomb years. Raetia Edition, Bozen 2003.
  9. ↑ The mayors of the South Tyrolean municipalities since 1952. (PDF; 15 MB) In: Festschrift 50 Years of the South Tyrolean Association of Municipalities 1954–2004. Association of South Tyrolean municipalities, pp. 139–159 , accessed on November 16, 2015 .
  10. ↑ Neumarkt primary school district. South Tyrolean Citizens' Network , accessed on October 25, 2014 .
  11. ^ Middle school in Neumarkt and Salurn. South Tyrolean Citizens' Network, accessed on October 25, 2014 .
  12. ↑ Unterland school district. South Tyrolean Citizens' Network, accessed on October 25, 2014 .
  13. ↑ Website about PerkeosMaschggra , accessed on October 10, 2010
  14. ↑ Michael Forcher, Hans Karl Peterlini: South Tyrol in the past and present. Haymon, Innsbruck 2010, ISBN 978-3-85218-636-8 , p. 206 f.
  15. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/user/StiftungLPV/videos