Lords of Starkenberg

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Family coat of arms of those von Starkenberg

The Lords of Starkenberg were a noble family who originally came to Tyrol with the Staufers . They became influential landowners in the Tyrolean Oberland and in the Adige Valley in the Bolzano and Merano region . They became extinct in 1452 in the male line .

history

Origin and ascent

An Ita von Starkenberg married Werner II von Habsburg († 1167) and is one of the ancestral mothers of the Habsburgs. The Starkenbergers then appear in a document in 1217 in which King Friedrich II transferred the children of his loyal Gebhard de Starchinberg to the Church of Brixen . From the ministry of the Staufer, the Starkenbergs then switched to those of the Counts Eppan-Ulten and the Hochstift Brixen . In 1252 Konrad von Starkenberg is mentioned as a Tyrolean ministerial, but also as a servant of Konradin . Since Meinhard II , Duke of Carinthia and Count of Tyrol (mid-13th century), the Starkenbergers have been Tyrolean ministerials for good.

Hartmann von Starkenberg in the Codex Manesse

Their marriage policy and skillful acquisitions have made them one of the most powerful aristocratic families in Tyrol. They were related to the noble families von Aufenstein , Freundsberg , Greifenstein, Matsch , Mils , Montfort , Rottenburg , Schenna , Tarant, Tierstein and some of them inherited them. Under Meinhard II they usurped farms and estates in Tyrol. The affiliation of the minstrel Hartmann von Starkenberg , who lived around 1265, is also believed to be possible. However, his coat of arms is depicted with a dog's head , while the Tyrolean Starkenbergers used a coat of arms split three times by red and gold .

The position of power of the Starkenbergers is expressed through the appointment of Heinrich von Starkenberg as capitaneus ad Ernberch in 1293. Ehrenberg was the most important Tyrolean border castle, which was paid with the highest wages for a castle hat . Heinrich was also involved in founding the Imst Abbey .

In the 12th century they built Starkenberg Castle near Tarrenz . As early as the 1330s they are at home in (Neu-) Starkenberg Castle below, which they built between 1310 and 1329, and Alt-Starkenberg Castle soon fell into disrepair.

A magnificently designed indulgence document from Pope Benedict XII dates from 1341 . , which shows the founder Georg von Starkenberg (∞ Elisabeth von Rottenburg, † 1360); Georg is attested as an arbitrator in Bolzano as early as 1339 . The Starkenbergers had their hereditary funeral in Stams Monastery . Hans von Starkenberg (∞ heir daughter Adelheid von Schenna , † 1385) sealed the document in 1363 through which Margarete Maultasch transferred Tyrol to Rudolf the founder . In 1380 the Starkenbergers received the sovereign permission to rebuild the Kronburg . The special power of the Starkenbergers is also shown in the fact that they were able to give castles to keepers , a privilege that actually only belonged to the sovereign. Osanna, Sigmund von Starkenberg's widow, handed over the Alt-Starkenberg castle to the Bavarian nobleman Jörg the Torer von Hornstein in 1405. Sigmund von Starkenberg was Burggraf in Tyrol Castle and inherited after Friedrich von Greifenstein 1386 at Sempach had fallen, the rule Greifenstein .Sigmunds son Ulrich participated with other nobles in 1407 at Falk Bund , the object the protection of the aristocracy against the country's rulers.

In 1275 the first Starkenberger land registers were created, under Hans von Starkenberg 3135 farms are listed. The dramatic events are documented in the Starkenberg Rotulus .

Collapse of the Starkenberger family

Under Sigmund's sons, Ulrich and Wilhelm, the Starkenberger family collapsed, even though under Ulrich they reached their greatest extent with their own castles and two courts as pledges.

After the conflicts between the dukes Friedrich IV with the empty pocket and Ernst the iron had been settled in the Treaty of Kropfsberg , Friedrich demanded the surrender of all dominions pledged to the Starkenbergers. This ultimately led to the Starkenberg feud , a trial of strength between the nobility and sovereigns. In the course of these battles, the ancestral castles of the Starkenbergs were destroyed and others, such as that of Ursula Truchsessin von Waldburg (she was a daughter of Johannes II von Waldburg and married Ulrich von Starkenberg since 1413), defended Schenna Castle. Around 1426, Greifenstein Castle was the last of these possessions and pledges to be handed over. In 1423 Oswald von Wolkenstein and his brother Michael took part in their defense; the poet wrote a song about it. Wilhelm was able to flee from Tyrol. Ulrich's fate after 1424 is unclear. It has not been proven that he died in the battle for Greifenstein Castle, as was assumed in the 19th century. In 1430 he was declared dead by the royal court in Rottweil.

The Starkenbergers tried to defend their rights in 1425. In this context, the pamphlet addressed to King Sigismund (the roll of paper was nine meters long and is now known as the "Starkenberg Rotulus") may have originated. But that didn't help either. Archduke Sigismund allowed the disempowered Wilhelm to return to Schenna, where he died in 1452 as the last male member of his family.

The title probably passed to Coreth zu Coredo and Starkenberg as early as 1555 .

coat of arms

Blazon : The von Starkenberg family coat of arms shows the shield split three times in red and silver .

The coats of arms of the Coreth zu Coredo and Starkenberg partly bear the ancestral coat of arms of the Starkenberger as a heart shield.

Well-known namesake

  • Ita von Starkenberg (* before 1167; †?): ∞ Werner II. Von Habsburg († 1167), an ancestral mother of the Habsburgs
  • Gebhard de Starchinberg (* before 1217; †?): Faithful of Friedrich II., King of Sicily, Roman-German King and Emperor
  • Konrad von Starkenberg (* before 1252; †?): Tyrolean Ministeriale, at the same time servant of Konradin, King of Sicily, King of Jerusalem, Duke of Swabia
  • Heinrichs von Starkenberg (before 1293; †?): Bore the title capitaneus ad Ernberch (from 1293)
  • Georg von Starkenberg (before 1341; †?): ∞ Elisabeth von Rottenburg, † 1360; Attested as arbitrator in Bolzano in 1339; Founder 1341
  • Hans von Starkenberg (before 1363; †?): ∞ heir daughter Adelheid von Schenna, † 1385; In 1363, sealed a document through which the Tyrol was transferred by Margarete Maultasch to the founder Rudolf IV Duke of Austria
  • Sigmund von Starkenberg (before 1386; †?): ∞ Osanna; Burgrave at Castle Tyrol; inherited the rule of Greifenstein after the death of Friedrich von Greifenstein in 1386; fathered Ulrich and Wilhelm von Starkenberg
    • Ulrich von Starkenberg (after 1386; † probably between 1424 and 1430): ∞ (approx. 1413) Ursula, daughter of the head assistant Johannes II. Von Waldburg; 1407 participates in the so-called Falkenbund
    • Wilhelm von Starkenberg (after 1386; † 1452): fled Tyrol during the fight against Duke Friedrich IV ("with the empty pockets"), the last male member of the Starkenberg family, died on Schenna

possession

Castles

  • Alt-Starkenberg (today: castle ruins)
  • Castle (Neu-) Starkenberg
  • Gebratstein (today: castle ruins)
  • Ehrenberg (from 1293)
  • Naturno
  • Schenna (from 1370)
  • Kronburg (from 1380)
  • Tower of Ried (from 1381) (Sigmundsried Castle)
  • Goien (from 1384)
  • Greifenstein (South Tyrol) (from 1386)
  • Jufal (from 1388)
  • Klamm (from 1398/99)
  • Forest (from 1405)

More possessions

See also

literature

  • Karin Kranich-Hofbauer: Der Starkenbergische Rotulus: handwriting, edition, interpretation (= Innsbruck contributions to cultural studies. Germanistic series 51). Institute for German Studies, Innsbruck 1994, ISBN 3-901064-12-5 .
  • Oswald Trapp ; Magdalena Hörmann-Weingartner (employee): Tiroler Burgenbuch . VII. Volume Oberinntal and Ausserfern . Athesia publishing house, Bozen 1986, ISBN 88-7014-391-0 .
  • Joseph Röggel: The Knights of Starkenberg. Chapter from Greifenstein Castle and its owner. In: Contributions to the history, statistics, natural history and art of Tyrol and Vorarlberg 4 (= publications of the Tyrolean State Museum Ferdinandeum. Volume 4). 1828, pp. 200–244 (full article pp. 169–363; article information on ZOBODAT , PDF on ZOBODAT , Google eBook, full view ).

Web links

Commons : Familie der Starkenberg  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Josef Schatz : Hartmann von Starkenberg. In: Publications of the Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum (Ferdinandeum magazine for Tyrol and Vorarlberg). 3/45, 1901, pp. 177–181 ( article information on ZOBODAT , PDF on ZOBODAT ) - with the coat of arms from the Heidelberg song manuscript (Codex Manesse) and the three songs given there (series of articles on Tyrolean minstrels).
  2. ↑ a b c Johann Siebmacher, Otto Titan von Hefner, Friedrich Heyer von Rosenfeld: J. Siebmacher's large and general book of arms, Volume 4: The nobility of the ducal county of Tyrol. 1st edition, Verlag Bauer & Raspe, 1859, entry Coreth (Grafen, Freiherrn und Ritter) , p. 4, column 2 ( Google eBook, complete view ).
    The Coreth then usually had red from silver split three times in the heart shield.
  3. ^ Claudia Feller: Heinrichs von Rottenburg's account book: a testimony to aristocratic rule and economic management in late medieval Tyrol: Edition and commentary . Volume 4 of the source editions of the Institute for Austrian Historical Research . Oldenbourg Verlag, 2010, ISBN 978-348659122-4 , chapter 5.1.10 Neustarkenburg , p. 138 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  4. ^ Hannes Obermair : Bozen Süd - Bolzano Nord. Written form and documentary tradition of the city of Bozen up to 1500 . tape 1 . City of Bozen, Bozen 2005, ISBN 88-901870-0-X , p. 283-285, No. 547 .
  5. ↑ See in detail Kranich-Hofbauer, op. Cit.
  6. ↑ Ute Monika Schwob: 'Mistresses' in Tyrolean sources. On the legal and social position of noble women in the Middle Ages , in: Egon Kühebacher (Hrsg.): Literature and fine arts in the Tyrolean Middle Ages. The Iwein frescos by Rodenegg and other evidence of the interaction between literature and the fine arts (= Innsbruck contributions to cultural studies. Germanistic series 15), Innsbruck 1982, p. 165.
  7. ↑ Ute Monika Schwob: 'Mistresses' in Tyrolean sources. On the legal and social position of noble women in the Middle Ages , in: Egon Kühebacher (Hrsg.): Literature and fine arts in the Tyrolean Middle Ages. The Iwein frescos by Rodenegg and other evidence of the interaction between literature and the fine arts (= Innsbruck contributions to cultural studies. Germanistic series 15), Innsbruck 1982, p. 171. M. Schwob assumes, however, that this declaration of death is about A strategic measure by Ursula von Waldburg acted in order to be able to save at least remnants of Starkenberg's assets on the process of litigation with reference to her rights as a widow and he should have been still alive at that time.
  8. ↑ Oswald Trapp & Magdalena Hörmann-Weingartner: Starkenberg , pp. 213-216.
  9. ^ Heraldry: Photos of coats of arms in an architectural context, documentation and database. Retrieved March 27, 2020 .