Tyrol (noble family)

Tyrol Castle near Merano

The older Counts of Tyrol , also called Albertiner after their lead name Adalbert or Albert , are an extinct noble family of the Middle Ages . Her domain arose around the eponymous Castle Tyrol near Meran in what is now South Tyrol and formed the nucleus of the historic county of Tyrol . The sex can be traced for the first time in the 11th century and died with Albert III. 1253 off. The title Count of Tyrol was subsequently carried by representatives of other noble families (initially by the Meinhardins , from 1363 by the House of Habsburg ) until it expired in 1918.

history

The Albertines originally came from the Bavarian Eurasburgers . In the context of the investiture controversy, as partisans of Emperor Heinrich IV. In the 11th century, they initially acquired rulership rights in the Eisack Valley and subsequently bailiwick rights and imperial fiefs in the Vinschgau and thus established themselves in the central Alpine region along the transalpine transit routes via Reschen and Brenner . In the early 12th century, the first construction work to build their main castle, Schloss Tirol, dominating the area between Merano and Bozen . The castle was successively expanded in several construction phases to become the eponymous residential castle of the county of Tyrol , which is attested by name around the middle of the 13th century , before the dynasts with Albert III. died out in 1253. The Tyrolean counts competed in their endeavors to develop their own sovereignty, in particular with the Counts of Eppan , who they defeated militarily in 1235, and with the episcopal churches of Trient , Chur and Brixen , whose possessions and rights they held as bailiffs to increase their own power at the expense of the episcopal churches successfully used. Their rights subsequently fell to the Meinhardiner .

coat of arms

In the silver shield a crowned red eagle turned to the right with golden wing clips with clover-leaf ends (Tyrolean eagle). Crest is a closed flight of black eagles, which is surrounded by a golden cinder block from which a row of golden linden leaves hang.

See also : Tyrolean coat of arms

genealogy

1. Adalbert I. von Eurasburg, Freising Vitztum in Lurngau , owner of county rights in Eisacktal and bailiwick rights in Vinschgau (mentioned in 1096) ∞ Berta
   1. Adalbert II. Von Eurasburg, around 1102 owner of the county rights in Vinschgau and the bailiwick over the bishopric of Trento
      1. Adalbert III. von Eurasburg (mentioned in a document 1106; † 1125), successor in the aforementioned rights and positions
         1. Albert I of Tyrol (1141 called de Tyroles ; † 1165), Count in Vinschgau
         2. Berthold von Tirol (1141 called de Tyroles ; † 1180), count in Vinschgau
            1. Albert II of Tyrol († around 1191)
               1. Albert III of Tyrol (* approx. 1180; † 1253)

literature

• Oswald Trapp : Castle Tyrol . In: Tiroler Burgenbuch 2: Burggrafenamt. Athesia: Bozen 1980, pp. 59-103.
• Gertrud Sandberger: Some observations on the origin of the older Counts of Tyrol. In: Journal for Bavarian State History 45, 1982, pp. 419–426.
• Hannes Obermair : Scheda bibliografica sul castello e sui conti di Tirolo. In: Carlo Romeo : Invito a Castel Tirolo. Bozen 1991, pp. 73-77.
• Therese Meyer, Kurt Karpf: Extension of the rulership in the southeastern region using the example of a Bavarian aristocratic group. Investigations on the Freising Vizedom Adalbert, on the origin of the Eurasburger in Bavaria, the Counts of Tyrol and the Counts of Ortenburg in Carinthia. In: Journal for Bavarian State History 63, 2000, pp. 491-539.
• Josef Riedmann : About old counts and new countesses. Notes on the genealogy of the older Counts of Tyrol. In: Tyrol between times and peoples. Festschrift for H. Gritsch on his 60th birthday. Edited by Eugen Thurnherr (Schlern writings 318). Wagner: Innsbruck 2002, pp. 37-49.
• Südtiroler Landesmuseum Schloss Tirol (Ed.): Wall Show. Castle Tyrol building and monument. Castle Tyrol 2016. ISBN 978-88-95523-33-0
• Walter Landi: The Counts of Tyrol. A historical and family history overview (10th – 14th centuries). In: Walter Hauser, Martin Mittermair (eds.): Schloss Tirol, Vol. 1: Building history. Tyrol Castle from its beginnings to the 21st century. Athesia: Bozen 2017. ISBN 978-88-95523-25-5 , pp. 110-131.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Tirol Atlas: Coat of arms of Tirol
2. ↑ The oldest surviving seal of the Counts of Tyrol ( PDF ( Memento of the original from August 26, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. ) 

Web links

• Genealogy of the Counts of Tyrol