Naturno

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Naturno
( Italian Naturno )
coat of arms
Naturns coat of arms
map
Naturns in South Tyrol - Positionskarte.svg
State : Italy
Region : Trentino-South Tyrol
Province : Bolzano - South Tyrol
District community : Burgrave Office
Inhabitants :
(VZ 2011 / 31.12.2019)
5,492 / 5,889
Language groups :
(according to 2011 census )
96.83% German
3.04% Italian
0.14% Ladin
Coordinates 46 ° 39 ′  N , 11 ° 0 ′  E Coordinates: 46 ° 39 ′  N , 11 ° 0 ′  E
Altitude : 518– 3081  m slm (center: 528  m slm )
Surface: 67.0 km²
Permanent settlement area: 13.8 km²
Parliamentary groups : Naturns , Staben , Tabland , Tschirland
Neighboring municipalities: Algund , Kastelbell-Tschars , Lana , Partschins , Plaus , St. Pankraz , Schnals , Ulten
Partnership with : Axams ( A ), Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis ( D ), Mutterstadt ( D )
Postal code : 39025
Area code : 0473
ISTAT number: 021056
Tax number: 00449290212
Mayor  (2015): Andreas Heidegger

Naturns ([ naˈtʊrns ]; Italian Naturno ) is an Italian market town with 5889 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019) in the Vinschgau in South Tyrol , about 15 kilometers from Merano .

Naturno is known as a tourist destination, another important source of income is agriculture.

geography

View of the Vinschgau near Naturns from the south: on the right the main town of the municipality, in the middle of the picture the entrance to the Schnalstal

Naturns is located in the lower Vinschgau . Due to its proximity to Merano , the municipality is not assigned to the Vinschgau district community , but to the Burggrafenamt district community . The village settlements of the municipality are all located in the broad valley floor of the Adige Valley . The main town Naturns ( 528  m ) is located on the orographic left , northern side of the valley, Staben ( 550  m ) lies on both sides of the Etsch , Tschirland ( 578  m ) and the Tabland ( 670  m ), which is positioned somewhat higher on the same alluvial cone , are on the orographic right Valley side. To the north of the valley floor, the community occupies the slopes of the Sonnenberg and part of the entrance area of ​​the Schnalstal . In addition to the summit to raise Oetztal Alps calculated Texelgruppe that in Texel Nature Park are placed under protection and partly on 3000  m reach height (at about the Kirchbachspitze and the target tip ). Opposite side of the valley on the other increase the slopes of Nördersberg to Zufrittkamm the Ortles Alps up. The community area, which also reaches the ridge of the Vigiljoch , is dominated by the Naturnser Hochwart ( 2608  m ).

history

prehistory

The first human presence in Naturns or in the Naturns municipality can be proven by flint cuts from the Mesolithic period, which were discovered in 1984 on the yoke crossing between Naturns and Ulten .

From the subsequent Neolithic several Silexabschläge and were in 1958 under an eye-catching rock roof on the sunny side if Kompatsch flint tools discovered that a hunter hideout suggest. In the vernacular as "Neuräutl" known, currently aimed at an appreciation of the reference by the municipality Naturns, u. a. by an archaeological investigation, which should confirm the thesis that the Silici found do not come from the Neolithic, but from the Paleolithic .

Settlement findings from that time are not available in the Naturns municipality, but there was an important Neolithic settlement on the nearby castle hill of Juval Castle , of which only flint finds and a large number of ceramic remains from the time of the Vasi-a-bocca-quadrata culture witness.

Early history

Excavations led by the former state monument keeper Lorenzo dal Rì have also shown that the Naturns municipality was continuously settled in the Bronze Age . During excavations near the entrance to the Schnalstal , settlement finds and ceramics from the Bronze Age came to light. It is worth mentioning in this context the relatively high frequency of finds from the Bronze Age on the nearby Juval Castle Hill or Tarsch .

Partial view of the 7th century frescoes in the Proculus Church

Above the western exit of the village you can clearly see two terrain levels on the Sonnenberg, the "upper" and the "lower" hill fort . Evidence of dry stone walls that were destroyed in the course of the construction of the power station suggests that the strategically well-located terrain was used in the Iron Age . Particularly interesting is the connection with a rocky knoll in the direction of Inner Schnalstal (locally called “Bürgele”, “Little Castle”), on which wall remains have also been detected and which offers a perfect view of both the Schnalstal and the Wallburg in Naturns. Whether there was a connecting path between the Schnalstal and the Wallburg has not been proven, but an old path that connected the Naturnser valley level with the lower Wallburg with practically no curve and with a constant gradient has been proven.

Antiquity

In the course of the Alpine campaign of Drusus, 15th BC Under the rule of Emperor Augustus , the local population of the Venostes - this name appears on the Roman victory monument in La Turbie - was incorporated into the Roman Empire. Due to the discovery of a Roman milestone in the neighboring municipality of Rabland , one can very safely assume that the famous Roman Via Claudia Augusta also passed Naturns (despite research that has not yet been completed regarding the exact route). There are no concrete findings from Roman times in Naturno, but excavations in 1985/86 revealed the floor plan of a late antique building under the foundation of the Church of St. Prokulus . An exact reconstruction of the structure is not possible despite burn marks from a hearth, post holes and some bricked areas. Burned small animal bones , Lavez vessels , spindle whorls and the fragment of a bronze cup earring allow the structure to be dated to around AD 600. Burials were placed in the burned-down ruins of this house, which stratigraphically verifiable but occurred before the construction of St. Proculus Church. With the construction of the church between 630 and 650 (first phase) these burials were disrupted by the construction of the western wall, or other burials at that point were probably removed.

Modern times

Until the end of the First World War, Naturns belonged to the judicial district of Merano and was part of the district of Merano .

politics

Mayor since 1952:

  • Franz Christanell: 1952–1960
  • Wilhelm Lesina: 1960–1965
  • Peter Gritsch: 1965–1969
  • Artur Lesina Debiasi: 1969–1977
  • Walter Weiss: 1977-2005
  • Andreas Heidegger: since 2005

traffic

For motor traffic , the community is primarily developed through the Vinschger state road. Access to the Vinschgau Railway is provided by the Naturns and Staben train stations.

Culture and sights

Buildings

Naturno (Nov. 2015)

Cable car

St. Proculus

The Sonnenberg cable car runs from Naturns to Unterstell .

power plant

Naturns is also home to one of the most architecturally interesting examples of contemporary industrial architecture, the Naturno hydropower station , designed by the architects Dalla Bona & Zamolo (Bozen) and W. Gutweniger (Merano), commissioned in 1963. The builder or designer was Ing.Lo Perwanger . The headwater comes from the Vernagt reservoir at 1,689.5 m above sea level. The catchment area covers 150 square kilometers. From there it reaches the power house via a 15 km long pressure tunnel , into which four streams are discharged, and a two km long pressure pipeline. The pressure pipeline runs from afar on the slope of the Naturnser Sonnberg and has a diameter of around 2 m. The power plant is designed as a structure with pre-stressed reinforced concrete shells, reflects the barren landscape of the rock formations behind and has three double pelton turbines from Voith and Riva. Together they provide a maximum of 180 MW, with the enormous drop height of over 1,150 meters. It is the most powerful hydropower plant in South Tyrol and is one of the power plants with the world's largest head.

Events

Naturno with the Unterstell viewing platform
  • Bike Transalp Challenge (mountain bike race across the Alps)
  • Ötzi-Alpin-Marathon (triathlon in MTB, running, ski tour)
  • Naturno ceramic market (with international participation every two years on the first weekend in June)
  • The night of lights (annual star cuisine in July)
  • Naturns laughs! (International Summer of Humor)
  • Riesling days (gourmet autumn in Naturns)
  • Sonnenberger Bauernkuchl (Gourmet Autumn in Naturno)
  • Törggelen at the village fountain (traditional pleasure experience, Wednesdays in October)

literature

  • Raiffeisenkasse Naturns (Ed.): Naturns, Plaus and their Raiffeisenkasse , 1993 (online) .
  • Mathias Frei: St. Prokulus in Naturns , Südtirol-Bildverlag, Bozen, undated

Web links

Commons : Naturns  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Naturno  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. The mayors of the South Tyrolean municipalities since 1952. (PDF; 15 MB) In: Festschrift 50 Years of the South Tyrolean Association of Municipalities 1954–2004. Association of South Tyrolean municipalities, pp. 139–159 , accessed on November 16, 2015 .