Partschins
| Partschins | |
|---|---|
| (Italian: Parcines ) | |
coat of arms
 |
map  |
| State : | Italy |
| Region : | Trentino-South Tyrol |
| Province : | Bolzano - South Tyrol |
| District community : | Burgrave Office |
|
Inhabitants : (VZ 2011 / 31.12.2019) |
3,539 / 3,815 |
|
Language groups : (according to 2011 census ) |
95.94% German 3.79% Italian 0.27% Ladin |
| Coordinates | 46 ° 41 ′ N , 11 ° 4 ′ E |
| Altitude : | 500– 3337 m slm (center: 626 m slm ) |
| Surface: | 55.4 km² |
| Permanent settlement area: | 7.3 km² |
| Parliamentary groups : | Partschins , Quadrat, Rabland , Sonnenberg, Tabland, Töll , Vertigen |
| Neighboring municipalities: | Algund , Lana , Marling , Moos in Passeier , Naturns , Plaus , Schnals , Tyrol |
| Partnership with : | Kleinkarlbach ( D ) |
| Postal code : | 39020 |
| Area code : | 0473 |
| ISTAT number: | 021062 |
| Tax number: | 82003190210 |
| Mayor (2015): | Albert Gögele ( SVP ) |
Partschins ([ parˈtʃɪns ]; Italian Parcines ) is an Italian municipality in the Vinschgau in South Tyrol . It has 3815 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019). Tourism and fruit growing (apples) are particularly important economically.
geography
Partschins is located in the lower Vinschgau . The transition from Vinschgau to Burggrafenamt is traditionally located on the eastern border of the municipality on the Töll . Due to its proximity to the city of Meran, which is about 8 km to the east, Partschins is not assigned to the Vinschgau district community , but to the Burggrafenamt district community .
The two largest settlements in the municipality, the main town of Partschins ( 626 m ) and Rabland ( 530 m ), are both on the orographic left , northern side of the Adige Valley , the valley floor of which is almost completely covered by alluvial cones . Behind the slopes of the rising sun Mountain and the peaks of the Oetztal Alps calculated Texelgruppe . Following the target valley, which is surrounded by numerous three-thousand-meter peaks, in a north-westerly direction, the municipality extends far into the high mountains, which are protected in the Texel Group Nature Park . The mountains surrounding the high valley include the Roteck ( 3337 m ), the Texelspitze ( 3318 m ), the Hochweiß ( 3281 m ), the Lodner ( 3219 m ), the Lazinser Rötelspitze ( 3037 m ), the Zielspitze ( 3006 m) ) and the Tschigat ( 2998 m ). The slopes of the Nördersberg rise up on the southern flank of the Adige Valley . This is where the municipality ends at a little over 1750 m above sea level on the ridge of the Vigiljoch , the northeasternmost branch of the Zufritt ridge of the Ortler Alps .
history
prehistory
According to finds at prehistoric sites, the first inhabitants settled in Partschins about 6000 years ago. The slopes from Sonnenberg to Vellau were suitable as a settlement area; they were hunters and gatherers, later settled farmers who built their primitive dwellings on hills and elevated points, which they often secured with ring walls. The menhirs, rock carvings and shell stones that date back to the Neolithic Age are witnesses of these primeval settlers.
Roman times and Via Claudia Augusta
Around the year 15 BC The Romans came to the country and submitted it to their rule. The new rulers called the residents Raetians and were part of the Roman province of Raetia. At that time, the Roman road, Via Claudia Augusta , passed above the Töll and was completed in 46 AD. The construction of the road connected the municipality around Partschins with the flow of world history. At times the toll border of the Roman province of Raetia was on the Töll; the name Töll comes from telonium = customs office. The existence of this toll collection point is proven by the discovery of the base of a Diana altar. The find is in the Ferdinandeum in Innsbruck. Even in the Middle Ages and in modern times there was a customs post on the Töll (customs host, controller house).
Roman milestone
The discovery of a valuable Roman milestone in Rabland (1552 at today's Hotel Restaurant Hanswirt, 14th century, formerly Supphaus 'Superhof', later "Steiner" and then "Löwenwirt") has proven that the famous Via Claudia Augusta was once an important one Roman imperial road over the Alps, above which Töll passed. The milestone dates from the year 46 AD and consists of square marble (square = district of the parish of Partschins am Nörderberg), the inscription of which documents the construction and course of the Via Claudia Augusta. The original can be viewed in the Bolzano City Museum, a copy is in front of the entrance area of the Hanswirt. In addition to the milestone in the entrance area, a small piece of the "Via Claudia Augusta" can be seen protected under glass.
Gravestone from Roman times
At the Hochhueben-Hof in Partschins, a fiefdom of the Salzburg archbishops from the 14th century, there is a walled-in Roman tombstone in the front wall of the house, to the right of the entrance door.
The Roman Diana Altar
In the 17th century, the base of a Roman Diana statue was found on the Salten above Partschins. As can be seen from a manuscript of the Zams Cistercian Father Franz Lachemayr from 1696, it is the base of an altar in honor of the Roman goddess Diana. This consecration stone - the image of the goddess Diana has unfortunately perished - is proof of the existence of the Roman town of Maia and also of the Töll customs station. The famous find is made of square marble on the Partschins Nörderberg; the height of the writing area is 32 cm. The Latin inscription on the base of this statue shows that a certain Aetetus, head of the Roman customs office Töll in the 3rd century, had the altar built in honor of the divine imperial family and St. Diana. The Roman customs station was located at the natural bottleneck in Töll, where the toll for goods and vehicles along the Via Claudia Augusta was collected. The original is in the Tyrolean State Museum "Ferdinandeum" in Innsbruck.
The Roman customs post in Töll
Along this important traffic route, the Via Claudia Augusta, inns and road stations for changing horses were built. After the Romans withdrew towards the end of the 5th century AD, there were no records of the existence of a customs post for centuries. A customs officer was reported for the first time in 1160 and the sovereign customs were mentioned for the first time in 1271 and belonged to the Count of Tyrol ( Meinhard II ). In 1388 the customs station was relocated from Plars to the Töll (to today's inn "Rössl", called "Zollwirt" again since its renovation a few years ago) and became the most important in Tyrol. The customs officers had to keep a precise record of the income - in the so-called "customs register" - and deliver it to the Count's chamber every quarter. The income from the Zollhof benefited the respective customs officer as a sovereign official. In 1808 the Bavarian government sold the farm and in 1829 the customs post was completely closed because the "consumption tax" had been introduced in the meantime. 27 customs officers have been known by name since 1400. The Zollbaur, the guest house with customs room on the left side of the house, a Kramerhaus to the right of it, as well as the Steidlhof, a little to the rear, belonged to the Zollhof. Archduke Ferdinand (1503–1564), Roman-German Emperor, King of Hungary and Bohemia, Archduke of Austria was once a guest at the “Steidl-Jos” . One of the renaissance frescoes in the drinking room of the customs officers reminds of his coronation as emperor (1525), certainly made before 1530 and wonderfully restored.
The consecration stone of Montelbon
Many years ago, during window repair work on the first floor of the Montelbon manor, the upper part of a block of inscriptions made of white marble was found that remained in the house for a long time. In the spring of 1954, the lower, precisely fitting part of this stone was finally discovered in the opposite dairy when a new concrete floor was being built. The 34 cm high stone block bears an incompletely preserved and difficult to read inscription that Marcus Genicius Vectius had attached to the small consecration altar for the recovery of the beneficiary of the governor of the patron goddess Nemesis. This is said to be a border soldier who served on the Rhaetian-Italian border in the Partschins-Töll area around the middle of the 2nd century AD.
Bad Egart - medicinal bath as early as Roman times
Bad Egart is considered the oldest spring in Tyrol. Josef Thaler, former pastor of Kuens and a well-deserved local researcher, suspects that the Romans already appreciated the healing power of the spring water from Bad Egart on the Töll. He derives the name Egart from "Egerietum" or "Egeretum". Accordingly, the spa should be regarded as the sanctuary of the nymph Egeria, who helps out in particular with women's problems. It is obvious that the Roman officials at the customs station Telonium and legionaries and travelers on the Via Claudia Augusta, which passes nearby, visited the spa. Bad Egart was first mentioned in a document in 1430, a "bath house with sulphurous water, chapel and dwelling ... copper water and cool drinking water", one reads in the 18th century. In 1730 the bathhouse was rebuilt and furnished by Joseph Joachim von Wolfenthal zu Spauregg and Gaudententurm, the date in the stone fountain trough and the little church dedicated to the "Dear Lady Maria" reminds of this. Ups and downs alternate and the spa experienced a heyday when the railway line opened in 1906 and the owner at the time provided the land for the station free of charge. Empress Elisabeth and Archduke Ferdinand (the later Crown Prince murdered in Sarajevo) were guests here and Peter Mitterhofer appeared in the evenings as a “singer, musician, sound artist and ventriloquist”. 3 springs arise near Bad Egart, the so-called 12 ° warm radioactive sulfur spring, which dries up in September and bubbles again in spring. The iron spring rises a little to the west and the mineral spring above in the birch grove, which has now been officially tested and is now served as mineral water in the restaurant. In 1956 the spa was finally closed and later by Cav. Karl Platino, the "snail king", bought and reopened as a historic dining room.
Partschins belonged to the judicial district of Merano until the end of the First World War and was part of the district of Merano .
Field names
2,336 place names there are in the town of Partschins. These can be viewed via the orthophoto of the Parcines municipal administration. Among the toponyms there is a high percentage of linguistically interesting pre- and Alpine Romanic names, which can only be recognized by the exact dialectal pronunciation and the correspondingly precise spelling. The collection of traditional field names with 355 explanations of dialect expressions was compiled in years of detailed work, transferred to the orthophotos and printed for the first time in 2014.
Place name
The earliest written document is from 1087 and is "Perzins". The etymology of the word can be found in Rhaetian / Rhaeto-Romanic . There are several approaches to the original meaning: pars sinus (mountain bay, meadow area), per sinum (on the devastating torrent), pratic (meadow area), parricinies (delimited pasture area) or a personal name.
Culture and sights
Buildings
Numerous historical buildings, mainly in the village of Partschins, have been preserved and protected. These include residences, farmsteads, ensembles, buildings and houses with a historical background.
The old village center, the late Gothic parish church of St. Peter and Paul, the Stachlburg from the 13th century (today an organic castle winery) and the Waalweg are all worth seeing . In the village is the Typewriter Museum, which is dedicated to Peter Mitterhofer , one of the inventors of the typewriter , who was born and worked in Partschins.
In 2009 the suspension railway Texelbahn was opened. This leads directly to the Meraner Höhenweg in the Texel Group Nature Park; In 1970 the Aschbach am Nörderberg cable car was opened. The largest model railway in South Tyrol was opened in Rablà on June 30, 2009. With the KuK Museum Bad Egart, the oldest Badl in Tyrol, three different museums can be visited in Partschins, Rabland and Töll.
Parish Church of St. Peter and Paul
St. Peter and Paul and St. Nicholas: The parish church of St. Peter and Paul (former St. Nicholas Church) was first mentioned in 1264 and rebuilt in 1502 in the late Gothic style. The former Nikolauskirche: around the 10th century on an earlier small church - facing east-west - in Romanesque style, partly built from square marble and consecrated to Saint Nicholas; the original church now serves as a crypt and burial room and today's sacristy is still part of the old one from the 14th century. In the 16./17. In the 18th century the church was enlarged and in the 18th the new large altars were added. The high altar shows Saint Nicholas at the top, below are Peter and Paul and below at the side are Saints Valentin and Vigilius. The side altars are dedicated to the Heart of Jesus and Our Lady of Sorrows. The pulpit was only installed about 110 years ago and in the side women's chapel, "Our Lady" from 1350, there is the beautiful St. Mary's altar and the angel from the plague altar. A very valuable group of figures depicting the death of the Virgin Mary by Jörg Lederer († 1550) from Kaufbeuren, the only remaining part of the original late Gothic altar, is kept in the presbytery.
St. Helena Töll
Gothic building, first mentioned in a document in 1416. Inside the church there is a statue of St. Helena, two neo-Gothic altars dedicated to St. Nepomuk and St. Valentine, and a crucifix from the 17th century.
St. Jakob in Rabland
Built around 1513 in the late Gothic style. Two sundials from the 16th century can be seen on the outer wall. The interior of the church houses a pointed arch portal with turrets, as well as two altarpieces depicting the patron St. Jacob and the patroness St. Margareta.
Stachlburg
Built before 1300. Former headquarters of the Lords of Partschins. Today the castle winery owned by Baron Sigmund von Kripp.
Spauregg residence
The castle dates back to the 12th century and is owned by the descendants of the knight Franz Ferdinand von und zu Goldegg. The idyllic castle garden is home to trees from the Mediterranean region, such as a yew, a cedar and a 150 year old and over 45 m high sequoia tree.
Gaudententurm residence
The noble seat of the Lords of Partschins dates from the 12th century. Today privately owned by the von Sölder family. Court distillery of various fine distillates.
Mairhof Partschins
The history of the Moarhof, as it is called colloquially, goes back to 1357. The current facade with its crenellated gable was placed on a late Gothic frescoed facade after a fire around 1500 (Engadine War).
Peter Mitterhofer's house
Peter Mitterhofer's house, where he lived for 31 years and invented the typewriter in 1864, can be seen in the street of the same name in Partschins. The grave and the memorial stone of the inventor are in the old cemetery on the east wall of the parish church of Partschins. The interior of the house cannot be visited.
Lifts
In the wall of the house is a Roman tombstone with the inscription (translated) "The dead gods of Quintus Caecilius Eutropius Marcus Ulpius Primigenius made this (the tombstone) for his son, who lived 21 years and 11 months".
Mairhof Rabland
The oldest owners of the Mairhof were the Knights of Tarant ( Dornsberg ) around 1270 , who were held in high esteem by King Heinrich of Böhmen , who resided at Zenoburg , around 1320 . The grand staircase, the pointed arched door, the open loggia and the paneled room in the farmer's and chapel bay still give today's stately farm a manorial character.
Hanswirt
14th century, formerly Supphaus' Superhof, later "Steiner" and then "Löwenwirt", formerly an inn, now a restaurant and large building with a brick staircase leading to the hotel area, on the first floor mural (siege of a castle), 16th century. In front of the entrance area There is a copy of the milestone from Roman times found in 1552 after a storm, the imperial monument of Emperor Claudius (14 - 54 AD), 75 cm high and 72 cm wide made of square marble (the original can be viewed in the Bolzano City Museum) and in front of it a small piece of the " Via Claudia Augusta " is protected under glass. Since summer 2013 there has been a " Friedrich Gurschler -Stube" in the original chapel and the adjoining room , dedicated to the artist and honorary citizen of the parish of Partschins, who was born in February 1923 on a farm near Our Lady in Schnals.
Brick bridge and lock house
The sawmill of the father of what is probably the most famous citizen of Partschin, Peter Mitterhofer , the inventor of the typewriter , once stood in Töll . To avoid speculation, it had already been expropriated and demolished in 1893. The Töll hydropower plant (later AEC-EW and AE-EW, today Alperia), the first large-scale power plant in South Tyrol and on the initiative of the mayors of Merano and Bozen and based on a project by the Munich engineer Oskar von Miller , was built on April 5th, 1998 Network gone. From there, the generated electrical energy was initially supplied via an overhead line to Merano and via a cable line to Bozen. A 10,000 V overhead line was later built from Töll to Bozen. The water of the Adige is contained by a 16 m long rifle weir at the level of the Töll fraction, a unique historical monument. The water reaches a height of 496 m above sea level via a 480 m long gravity tunnel. d. M., directly above the power station located moated castle with a total volume of 6000 m³. Here the water of the Adige is dammed and here the lock house stands on three brick pillars clad with porphyry stones, built in 1925 to operate the lock. In 2003 it was renovated while retaining its original style, as was the former "Zieglbrugg" (brick bridge, so named because it was once covered). An arched bridge is said to have stood here at the time of the Romans, as documents from the 14th and 16th centuries, kept in the Johanneum in Innsbruck, attest.
Museums
Typewriter Museum
With over 2000 exhibits, the museum documents the history of the development of the typewriter . Starting with the first wooden models by the Partschins inventor Peter Mitterhofer, through the most varied and unusual types of typewriters from all over the world, right up to the computer age. A special exhibit is an Enigma I , a cipher machine from the Second World War .
Railway world with South Tyrol in miniature
The world of railways in Rabland is the largest digital model railway system in Italy and, with over 20,000 copies, one of the largest private collections of model trains in Europe. In the world's largest panorama setting, the visitor walks through a miniature landscape of South Tyrol on a 1:87 scale. There are also changing special exhibitions.
KuK Museum Bad Egart
A treasure trove for lovers of the Habsburg monarchy with a variety of antiques and curious exhibits. Bad Egart is considered the oldest Badl in Tyrol. There is evidence that the spring has been used for drinking and bathing cures since 1430, but probably as early as Roman times. Prominent guests honored Bad Egart with their visit. According to oral tradition, Empress Elisabeth (Sisi) is said to have come to Bad Egart for a spa treatment on the occasion of a spa stay in Merano. Archduke Ferdinand, who later became crown prince, is also said to have visited the spa. Peter Mitterhofer appeared in Bad Egart as a singer, musician, sound artist and ventriloquist. In 1970 the bathing business was stopped. In addition to some exhibits from the old baths, you can visit the healing water spring grottos, several rooms with the Habsburg collection (pictures, lithographs, engravings, busts and motif plates from Emperor Franz Josef and Sisi to Crown Prince Rudolf), a Biedermeier kitchen and a variety of folkloric antiques. Open-air museum, complex with wooden and stone masks, Ötzi habitat and house chapel.
Hiking opportunities
The Waale are a special experience for hikers : an irrigation system that was ingeniously devised centuries ago, which collects the water and transports it over long distances. Underground pipe systems have replaced irrigation by whales, but some are still in use today. Along the Sonnenberg there is a network of waals that extends into the upper Vinschgau. There are narrow paths for maintenance of the Waale, which have established themselves as popular hiking trails. The Partschins Waalweg , which is well worth seeing , leads from the town center to the Partschins waterfall. There is also a Waalweg in Rabland, which also has a Waalschelle. Both whales have open water. Partschins is the gateway to the Texel Group Nature Park .
Partschins waterfall
The Partschins waterfall, about an hour's walk from the village center, is one of the most impressive in the Alps. The fall height is 97 m. At the time of the snowmelt in spring or during heavy rainfall, the waterfall can carry between 4,000 and 10,000 liters per second. In order to be able to experience the natural spectacle up close, a well-secured footbridge leads to the jumping point of the waterfall.
Club life
There are numerous sports clubs in Partschins. The offer includes football, tennis, volleyball, bowling, skiing and ice sports. There is also a volunteer fire brigade .
politics
mayor
Mayor since 1952:
- Franz Gamper: 1952–1964
- Robert Tappeiner: 1964-2010
- Albert Gögele: since 2010
coat of arms
The coat of arms shows in silver a natural ploughshare (venture) placed diagonally upwards to the right. The noble family Götsch descends from the knight Randolf von Partschins. The coat of arms of the Knights of Partschins has existed since 1220 and has also been the coat of arms of the municipality of Partschins since July 25, 1967.
literature
- Josef Rampold : Vinschgau. Bolzano 1971, p. 416 ff.
- Josef Weingartner : The art monuments of South Tyrol. Volume 2, Bozen 1991, pp. 708 ff.
- Ewald Lassnig: Village register of the parish of Partschins. Partschins 2012.
- Silvia Renhart ea: Partschins , Association for Home Care Partschins, Partschins 1997/98 online
Web links
- Parcines community
- Landscape plan of the parish of Partschins . Office for Landscape Ecology, Autonomous Province of Bolzano - South Tyrol (PDF file)
- Entry in the Tirol Atlas of the Institute for Geography at the University of Innsbruck
Individual evidence
- ↑ Rampold p. 13.
- ^ Rampold p. 414.
- ↑ Entry at the South Tyrolean Monuments Office
- ↑ Rampold p. 412.
- ^ Rampold p. 416.
- ↑ Rampold p. 16.
- ↑ Entry at the South Tyrolean Agency for the Environment
- ↑ Field names of Partschins online
- ↑ Gemeindeblatt Zielerwind: Where does the name Partschins come from? Volume 24, No. 5 , October 2014, p. 37 ( bz.it ).
- ↑ Typewriter Museum "Peter Mitterhofer"
- ↑ Dolomites of October 17, 2012 ( Memento of the original of July 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF file)
- ↑ Weingartner p. 708.
- ↑ Weingartner p. 711.
- ↑ Weingartner p. 716.
- ↑ a b Weingartner p. 712.
- ↑ Weingartner p. 713.
- ↑ Entry at the South Tyrolean Monuments Office
- ↑ Entry at the South Tyrolean Monuments Office
- ↑ Weingartner, p. 718.
- ↑ Partschins Waalweg
- ↑ Partschinser Wasserfall ( Memento of the original from April 24, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ The mayors of the South Tyrolean municipalities since 1952. (PDF; 15 MB) In: Festschrift 50 Years of the South Tyrolean Association of Municipalities 1954–2004. Association of South Tyrolean municipalities, pp. 139–159 , accessed on November 16, 2015 .
- ↑ Website of the parish of Partschins
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