Castelrotto

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Castelrotto
(Italian: Castelrotto , Ladin .: Ćiastel )
coat of arms
Castelrotto coat of arms
 map
Castelrotto in South Tyrol - Positionskarte.svg
State : Italy
Region : Trentino-South Tyrol
Province : Bolzano - South Tyrol
District community : Salten-Schlern
Inhabitants :
(VZ 2011 / 31.12.2019) 		6,465 / 6,881
Language groups :
(according to 2011 census ) 		80.94% German
3.69% Italian
15.37% Ladin
Coordinates 46 ° 34 ′  N , 11 ° 34 ′  E Coordinates: 46 ° 34 ′  N , 11 ° 34 ′  E
Altitude : 400– 2958  m slm (center: 1060  m slm )
Surface: 117.8 km²
Permanent settlement area: 21.1 km²
Parliamentary groups : Kastelruth, Seis am Schlern , Seiser Alm , St. Michael, St. Oswald , St. Valentin, St. Vigil, Tagusens, Tisens , Bula (Bulla), Runcadic (Runggaditsch), Sureghes ( overwater )
Neighboring municipalities: Barbian , Campitello di Fassa , Laion , Renon , St. Christina in Val Gardena , Tiers , Ortisei in Val Gardena , Fiè allo Sciliar , Waidbruck
Partnership with : Matrei in East Tyrol , Rottach-Egern
Postal code : 39040
Area code : 0471
ISTAT number: 021019
Tax number: 80006410213
Mayor  (2015): Andreas Colli ( SVP )

Kastelruth ([ ˌkastl̩ˈʀuˑt ]; Italian Castelrotto , Ladin Ćiastel ) is an Italian market town with 6881 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019) in South Tyrol near Bolzano .

The mixed German and Ladin-speaking community is a well-known tourist destination thanks to the Alpe di Siusi , the largest high alpine pasture in Europe.

geography

The main town Castelrotto from the west, above the plateau of the Alpe di Siusi , in the background peaks of the Dolomites (left Sella , right Sassolungo group )

The municipality of Castelrotto includes areas in the lower Eisack Valley , in Val Gardena and in the surrounding mountain areas of the Dolomites .

The majority of the total of twelve fractions are distributed in the Schlern area , a low mountain range that extends on the orographically left , eastern side of the lower Eisack valley. The two largest villages by far are the main town of Castelrotto ( 1060  m ) and Seis am Schlern ( 1000  m ) south of it . The small villages of Tesimo ( 930  m ), Tagusens ( 950  m ), St. Michael ( 1250  m ) and St. Oswald ( 750  m ) as well as the scattered settlements of St. Valentin and St. Vigil are grouped around them . In the west, Castelrotto ends in the gorge-like valley floor on the Eisack .

In the north, Kastelruth reaches the Ladin-speaking area or Ladinia . There the community occupies the orographically left, southern side of the lower Val Gardena (Ladin Gherdëina ), where there are three further fractions: Runggaditsch ( Runcadic , 1150  m ) and Überwasser ( Sureghes , 1250  m ) in the valley floor at the Grödner Bach ( Derjon ) directly St. Ulrich ( Urtijei ) adjacent and Bulla ( Bula , 1500  m ) in a hillside under Puflatsch ( Bulacia ).

View over the Seiser Alm to the Roterdspitze and the Rosszähnen

The Alpe di Siusi ( Mont Sëuc ) extends east over the Eisack valley and south over Val Gardena , occupying almost half of the municipality and forming its own fraction with Compatsch ( 1850  m ) as the small town center. On the south side, the plateau is framed by the Schlern group , namely the eponymous Schlern ( 2563  m ), the main summit of which, however, is in the municipality of Völs , the Roterdspitze ( 2655  m ) and the Rosszähnen ( 2653  m ). These peaks, together with southern parts of the Alpe di Siusi , are protected in the Schlern-Rosengarten Nature Park . In the east the plateau is bounded by the Langkofel group , where Kastelruth finds its highest point on the central summit of the Plattkofel at 2958  m . Between the Großer Rosszahn and the Plattkofel, the municipal boundary also forms the provincial border with Trentino .

languages

According to the 2011 census, around 80% of the residents of Castelrotto are German-speaking and around 15% Ladin-speaking . The Ladins are primarily the inhabitants of the Val Gardena fractions Sureghes, Runcadic and Bula (German Überwasser , Runggaditsch, Bulla).

Many court , hallway and place names in and around Castelrotto testify that Ladin was once more widespread than it is today. As in the whole of the lower Eisack Valley , the Ladin language was predominantly spoken in the area of ​​Castelrotto until the 13th century, and in the St. Michael fraction the language change to German only took place after 1600.

history

Kastelruth in 1911 on a painting by Eduard Burgauner

Castelrotto is first documented as "Castellumruptum" (destroyed castle or settlement) in a traditional note from the Bishop's Church of Säben-Brixen in the years 982-988, with which Bishop Albuin of Brixen with Bishop Eticho of Augsburg church income in Völs, Seis and Kastelruth exchanged for those in Siffian on the Ritten . 1272, the castle Kastel Ruth was from Brixen Bishop Bruno von Kirchberg to the Count of Tyrol , Meinhard II. Passed.

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

We do not know what the place was called in earlier times; Nothing more is known about the appearance, construction and size of the castle. Without a doubt, however, the prehistoric fortification stood on the castle hill, called Kofel, in the north of today's village. According to historical researchers, the Rhaetian settlement is likely to have existed at the time of the Roman invasion in 15 BC. Or at the time of the Slav invasion (617 AD) and later rebuilt. The massive square tower on the Kofel could mark the place where a fortified settlement used to be. Remnants of ramparts were found in the near and far and traces of brick huts were found.

Kastelruth changed hands several times. After the Lords of Castelrotto, the area became the property of Meinhardt II, Count of Tyrol . This left it soon the noble Rupert mouth centimes, owner of holidays Selva in Val Gardena . The muzzle line died out in the first half of the 14th century. In 1348 Duke Konrad Teck, captain on the Adige , became pledge holder of the castle and court. At the beginning of the 15th century the castle and the district court of Castelrotto were jointly owned by the noble family Wolkenstein-Trostburg . He also owned Hauenstein and Salegg as well as extensive estates. During this time the first farms subject to tax, "Ronsol", "Mutz", "Vall", "Mallai in Ratzes" and "Psoi in St. Valentin" appeared. In 1490, Kastelruth was expressly referred to as “dorff zu Castellrutt” as a settlement with a village character.

The Kraus von Sala family plays an outstanding role in the more recent history of Castelrotto. She comes from Hungary and came to Tyrol through marriage. Michael Kraus was the great lord and nobleman at Lake Balaton. Around the middle of the 16th century he came to the County of Tyrol , bought himself here and was later entered in the Tyrolean nobility register. From 1584 to 1588 he was a nurse (judge) on Hauenstein. Immediately before his death he made the foundation for the poor in Castelrotto, for which he made available a capital of 6500 guilders, the guilders for 60 kreuzers, which gave an annual interest income of 1000 kroner. This meant that church services for the Lords of Kraus had to be held first and foremost, and the surplus was to be given to the poor in the village (bread and salt distributed to the poor in October each year). Michael Kraus died on April 11th. His tombstone is attached to the wall to the left of the portal in the tower chapel. Jakob Kraus, Michael's nephew, built the mighty Krausegg residence, today's parish hall, on the north side of the village square. The front of the house still shows the Kraus coat of arms. Krausegg was founded on June 2nd in 1607 by Emperor Rudolf II . raised to a noble residence. Under the rule of Kraus, the old Roman fort on the Kofel was demolished except for the tower. From the tower they created a village chapel, the lower part of which is dedicated to St. Anthony . The Schlossberg itself was included in a nature park by Georg Kraus (1675) and the seven small chapels give it the appearance of a Calvary. In 1847 the male line died out. Through the charity and the eagerness to build (the former Kraussitze still carry the battlements today) they had made a great contribution.

Thanksgiving parade in Castelrotto

In today's tower inn, the stove decorated with a coat of arms is a reminder of the family: four Kraus portraits adorn the community meeting room. In addition to the genders already listed, we also find some noble genders, such as Pray, Lafay and the Stamphart. The Pray sat on the Prayhöfe (upper and lower spray), which still exist today with the names Rauch and Hohenhaus, the Lafay and Stamphart on the courtyards of the same name. The Lafay were judges in the extended Middle Ages. In ancient times, Castelrotto had the regional court with higher jurisdiction, because it also exercised the ban on blood and had a gallows. The gallows hill was on Telfnerbühel. Most of the time, inheritance disputes, marital quarrels and other offenses were brought to trial and offenses to trial and department. The witch trials play a special role .

It seems worth mentioning that some farms were obliged to provide special services to the regional court. So it was up to B. the respective owner of the Mesnerhof in St. Michael , to keep the guilty persons prisoner, to chastise them, to bind, etc. By the annual sale of one Star Wheat and two Star Rye, however, he was able to free himself from this tiresome task. The Fill, Ritsch and Malsinhof in St. Michael had similar obligations. The last execution of the judgment by the regional court in Castelrotto took place in 1778, with a certain Peter Insam being executed for arson by hanging and stake. Until about 1924, Castelrotto had its own district court, which was then moved to Klausen.

The most productive source of income for the residents of this regional court was cattle breeding, supported by the wide and fodder-rich alpine and mountain meadows. From Kastelruth-Völs-Gröden around 1,600 fattened cattle were sold to Bozen and the Italian Tyrol every year, and the number of cows tripled this number.

A church already existed in Castelrotto in the early Middle Ages. The parish of Saint Peter is mentioned for the first time around 1191. This was elevated to the deanery in 1823. The parish of the village with the immediate vicinity was called St. Peter-Malgrei. Malgrei meant the area of ​​all those courtyards that belonged to the same church.

Tower of the Church of Saints Peter and Paul

On May 24th, 1752 (or 1753), the place was ravaged by a terrible fire, which destroyed the parish church, the tower and a large part of the village. The village was rebuilt. The current tower stands on the site of the former Gothic tower, which suffered so badly in the major fire that all eight bells melted according to the parish archives' document.

In 1835 the Kofel passed to the community and today it mainly serves as a place to stay for tourists and as a popular playground for village youth.

The village water pipes were laid at the beginning of the 20th century, and the electric light was installed around 1905. In 1925 the old stagecoach was replaced by the postbus, while all car traffic was forbidden in Castelrotto until then.

politics

mayor

Municipal Council (2015)
16
2
16 2 
A total of 18 seats

Mayor since 1952:

  • Josef Egger: 1952–1956
  • Josef Trocker: 1956–1969
  • Josef Fulterer: 1969–1974
  • Josef Gasser: 1974–1980
  • Vinzenz Karbon: 1980-2004
  • Hartmann Reichhalter: 2005–2010
  • Andreas Colli: since 2010

Factions

  • Seis am Schlern

  • St. Oswald

  • Tisens

  • Bulla in Val Gardena

  • Runggaditsch in Val Gardena

  • Overwater in Ortisei in Val Gardena

coat of arms

Description of coat of arms : In blue and silver diagonal pinnacles .

Winter sports

The Marinzen called ski existed until 2010, a double chair and two surface lifts, tapped the few slopes classified as moderate (red). Since the systems were out of date, they were no longer put into operation in 2011/12; a concept for modernization and expansion is still being considered. The main slope was still covered with snow in 2012 and used for a jumping competition.

Personalities

The music group Kastelruther Spatzen is also very well known . The Castelrotto men's quartet (Ewald Mahlknecht, Robert Sattler, Josef Gruber and Stefan Kaser), which often works with Oswald Sattler, has also made a name for itself.

Annual events

  • Plague procession (on Friday after Ascension Day)
  • Oswald von Wolkenstein ride (end of May / beginning of June)
  • Kastelruther Spatzen Open Air (mid-June)
  • Kastelruther village festival (end of August)
  • Kastelruther Spatzenfest (mid-October)

Attractions

The Schlern from the Alpe di Siusi
  • Parish church of Castelrotto
  • Kalvarienberg (called "Kofel" by the locals): This is a hilltop northwest of the main town, on which Jesus' Way of the Cross is recreated by means of seven small chapels with wood-carved, life-size figures from the New Testament. At the central point of the Kofel there are parts of the tower that belongs to the destroyed Kastelruther castle. The "ruined castle" is the namesake of the place Kastelruth, which is derived from the Latin "Castellum Ruptum".

education

Kastelruth is the seat of a German-speaking school district . There is a primary school in Runggaditsch for the children of the Ladin-speaking fractions.

literature

  • Leo Santifaller : Regesten of the church archive Kastelrut: 1295–1570 (Schlern-Schriften 2), Innsbruck: Wagner 1923.
  • Karl Ausser: Settlement of the Kastelruther Mountain - a study of settlement history and name (Schlern-Schriften 25), Innsbruck: Wagner 1934.
  • Josef Nössing (Ed.): Municipality of Castelrotto - past and present. A parish book for the 1000th anniversary of the first mention of the places Seis and Castelrotto , Castelrotto: Municipality of Castelrotto, 1983. (online)
  • Paul Gleirscher among others: The Kofel in Kastelruth - Burgberg, Kalvarienberg , Kastelruth 1990.
  • Helmut Stampfer (Ed.): Farms in South Tyrol , Vol. VI / 2: Kastelruth, Völs , Bozen: Athesia 2007. ISBN 978-88-8266-418-3

Web links

Commons : Kastelruth  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Castelrotto  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Joseph Richebuono: From the former to the current expansion of the Ladin language area . In: Ladinia IV, ed. from the Istitut Ladin "Micurà de Rü" , 1980, pp. 229-231.
  2. ↑ Oswald Redlich : The traditional books of the Brixen monastery from the tenth to the fourteenth century (=  Acta Tirolensia . Volume 1 ). Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck 1886, p. 3–4, No. 6 .
  3. ^ Helmut Stampfer: Kastelruth . In: Oswald Trapp (Ed.): Tiroler Burgenbuch. IV. Volume: Eisacktal . Publishing house Athesia, Bozen 1977, pp. 325–331.
  4. ^ Hannes Obermair : Bozen Süd - Bolzano Nord. Written form and documentary tradition of the city of Bozen up to 1500 . tape 2 . City of Bozen, Bozen 2008, ISBN 978-88-901870-1-8 , p. 205, No. 1261 .
  5. ↑ The mayors of the South Tyrolean municipalities since 1952. (PDF; 15 MB) In: Festschrift 50 Years of the South Tyrolean Association of Municipalities 1954–2004. Association of South Tyrolean municipalities, pp. 139–159 , accessed on November 16, 2015 .
  6. ↑ ADAC Ski Guide Alps 2001, p. 448.
  7. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original dated February 16, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.marinzen.com
  8. ↑ Homepage of the men's quartet
  9. ^ The plague procession - parish of Castelrotto. Retrieved August 4, 2019 .
  10. ^ Parish of Castelrotto. Retrieved August 4, 2019 .