School district
A school district (often identical to the school district ) is a demarcated catchment area that is assigned to a specific regular school . The school-age children living there are generally obliged to attend the relevant school. The principle of the Sprengel duty is also called Sprengel principle referred.
Situation in Germany
The compulsory demolition comes from the Weimar Republic . Today it is laid down in the statutory provisions of the respective federal state .
Since it restricts the will of parents , the obligation to lock is controversial. Its constitutionality was determined in 2009 by the Federal Constitutional Court .
Federal states
In Baden-Wuerttemberg, the obligation to lock is regulated in §76 SchG.
In Bavaria, the government determines by ordinance (§42 BayEUG) a spatially delimited area as a school district for every elementary and middle school as well as for special schools. The school supervisory authority also forms a school district there for each vocational school, which is decisive for the local fulfillment of compulsory vocational schooling (so-called "basic district").
In Hesse, according to Section 60 (4) of the Hessian School Act (HschG), there is an obligation to attend primary school.
In August 2008 , North Rhine-Westphalia was the first federal state to abolish all school districts.
Conflict of interest
So far, parents have only been able to submit a guest school application and provide compelling personal reasons in order to be able to send their child to a different primary school than the one responsible. Applications are often successful if a single parent can provide evidence of a job near their preferred school or if that school offers lunchtime care.
Some parents' associations consider school districts as a restriction on the free choice of school location to be outdated and are calling for more competition among primary schools. Fears are expressed that their own children will not get good starting conditions when they transfer to grammar school at the school assigned to them by their place of residence.
The abolition of primary school districts can, however, have an adverse effect on the quality and class size of primary schools. Problematic is the "escape" of students with educational conscious parents from disadvantaged neighborhoods is high migrant share, through the educational disadvantages of remaining a pupil there is updated. On the other hand, school assignments linked to the place of residence lead to families moving away completely from such urban districts, which can increase segregation.
Situation in Austria
In Austria, the operation of a compulsory school is the responsibility of the municipalities ; higher-level bodies only cover the staff costs for the teaching staff. The municipal area within which the school-age children have to attend the municipality's own school is called the school district. Those communities that run a school together form a school community in order to share the costs, which takes over the operation of the school and passes this on to the communities involved. The school district is then the entire area of the participating municipalities and is, if one municipality participates in several school municipalities, softened, but school attendance is then based on the available opportunities.
There is no obligation to attend a specific school for grammar schools that are run entirely by the federal government.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Julia Weber: Dispute over the school districts. In: The world. April 7, 2007, accessed November 7, 2018 .
- ↑ BVerfG, 1 BvQ 37/09 of August 26, 2009, paragraph no. (1-15) (accessed April 21, 2012)
- ↑ 376 SchG: Compulsory school attendance (accessed on July 20, 2016)
- ↑ Article 42 of the BayEUG
- ^ Regional and supraregional school districts. Government of Lower Franconia, May 6, 2009, archived from the original on January 2, 2010 ; accessed on November 7, 2018 .
- ↑ Primary school districts or free choice? In: Schulen-Vergleich.de. Retrieved November 7, 2018 .