Klausen (South Tyrol)

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Klausen
(Italian: Chiusa )
coat of arms
Coat of arms of Klausen
 map
Klausen in South Tyrol - Positionskarte.svg
State : Italy
Region : Trentino-South Tyrol
Province : Bolzano - South Tyrol
District community : Eisack Valley
Inhabitants :
(VZ 2011 / 31.12.2019) 		5,148 / 5,219
Language groups :
(according to 2011 census ) 		91.30% German
7.88% Italian
0.81% Ladin
Coordinates 46 ° 38 ′  N , 11 ° 34 ′  E Coordinates: 46 ° 38 ′  N , 11 ° 34 ′  E
Altitude : 512– 2581  m slm (center: 523  m slm )
Surface: 51.4 km²
Permanent settlement area: 8.9 km²
Parliamentary groups : Gufidaun , Klausen , Latzfons , Verdings
Neighboring municipalities: Feldthurns , Laion , Sarntal , Vahrn , Villanders , Villnöß
Partnership with : Nuremberg ( DE ), Planegg ( DE )
Postal code : 39043
Area code : 0472
ISTAT number: 021022
Tax number: 80006630216
Mayor  (2015): Maria Gasser Fink ( SVP )

Klausen ( Italian Chiusa , Ladin Tluses or Tlüses ) is an Italian town and municipality with 5219 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019) in the central Eisack Valley in South Tyrol .

geography

Klausen seen from Barbian

Klausen is located in the Eisack valley about ten kilometers south of Brixen . The city center is located at the bottom of the Eisack valley . The old town ( 523  m ) was built on the orographically right side, directly overlooked by the Säbener Berg and near the exit of the Tinnetal or the confluence of the Tinnebach in the Eisack. The districts of Frag and Leitach are on the same side of the river, while Griesbruck is on the orographic left.

To the north-west, the municipality extends widely into the Sarntal Alps . Mid-mountain terraces offer space for the hamlet of Pardell ( 770  m ), the villages of Verdings ( 950  m ) and Latzfons ( 1150  m ), as well as numerous scattered homesteads. Above this, Klausen reaches its highest points at the Kassianspitze ( 2581  m ), the Plankenhorn ( 2543  m ) and the Lorenzispitze ( 2483  m ).

The municipality extends - to a lesser extent - from the Eisack Valley to the southeast. Here the terrain rises to the low mountain range of the Gufidaun fraction ( 730  m ), which is one of the last branches of the Geisler group of the Dolomites . On the north side the terrain slopes steeply to the lower reaches of the Villnößer Bach . There the orographic left side of the lower Villnößtal belongs to Klausen.

history

Klausen with Säbener Berg in 1898
Branzoll Castle on the way up to Säbener Berg

The Säbener Berg towering over Klausen was already an important settlement area in pre-Christian times. There are graves from both Rhaeto-Romanic and Germanic times. Between 800 and around 1000, Säben was an important bishopric before it was moved to Brixen. Numerous archaeological finds confirm this.

Chiusa is first mentioned in a document on June 7, 1027 as " Clausa sub Sabiona sita ". The document concerns the transfer of the county in the Norital (ie Eisacktal and Unterinntal west of the Ziller ) - including the hermitage below Säben with customs - by Konrad II to the Brixen bishop Hartwig .

The place was sponsored by Bishop Konrad von Rodank . Around 1205 he had the hospital built above the village, at today's church of St. Sebastian, and incorporated the parish of Klausen into it. In the 13th century Klausen was granted market rights and in 1308 the market was elevated to a town. The hospital was moved to the city in the 1460s. Here the Apostle Church was built as a new hospital church. Since the Hospital Church could no longer fulfill the tasks of the parish church, the St. Andrew's Church , consecrated in 1494, was probably also built in the course of the relocation of the hospital .

From the 15th century Klausen was the seat of a mountain court , as copper, lead and silver ores were mined near Villanders and Gernstein Castle . In the 19th century, the state kk mining administration Klausen was set up, which was subordinate to the Austro-Hungarian agriculture ministry and also included the state mines in the Sterzing area.

In 1699 the Spanish Queen Maria Anna founded the Capuchin monastery in Klausen . Her confessor, the Capuchin Father Gabriel Pontifeser from Klausen, was decisive for this decision.

Until 1960, Klausen was the starting point for the Val Gardena Railway . The abandoned reversing viaduct can still be seen at today's station site. Klausen is known as the " Törggele capital ".

Attractions

traffic

For motor traffic , Klausen is primarily accessible via the SS 12 , which passes close to the city center. On the orographic left side of the Eisack, the A22 and the Brennerbahn also cross the municipality. Access to these transport infrastructures is provided by the Klausen- Gröden motorway entry and exit and the Klausen train station .

politics

Municipal Council (2015)
1
14th
3
1 14th 3 
A total of 18 seats

Mayor since 1950:

  • Anton Scheidle: 1950–1960
  • Josef Prader: 1960–1980
  • Helmuth Kusstatscher: 1980–1985
  • Heinrich Gasser: 1995–1997
  • Arthur Scheidle: 1997-2010
  • Maria Gasser Fink: since 2010

Personalities

Nemesis by Albrecht Dürer with Klausen vedute

sons and daughters of the town

People with a relationship to the city

  • Albrecht Dürer (1471–1528) stayed in Klausen on his trip to Italy in 1494 and sketched the place. He later used this sketch in his copperplate "Nemesis". According to more recent research, Dürer did not travel to Italy until around 1496 (Dürer's research in the Germanic National Museum ).
  • Jörg Blaurock (1492–1529), leading figure of early Anabaptism , burned alive as a heretic in Klausen on September 6, 1529 because of his convictions
  • Ernst Loesch (1860–1946), painter and writer, from 1887 to 1912 annually for artistic studies in Klausen
  • Josef Sullmann (1922–2012), doctor and benefactor, from 1965 to 1992 local doctor in Klausen

tourism

Klausen is a member of the I borghi più belli d'Italia association (“The most beautiful places in Italy”).

  • Klausen around 1700

  • Klausen around 1900

  • Klausen 2007

  • Eisack, Parish Church Klausen and Branzoll Castle

  • Upper town in Klausen

  • City fortifications on the Eisack

  • Säben Monastery at night

  • Säben Monastery

  • Side altar in the parish church, painting by Josef Schöpf

literature

  • Helmut Flachenecker , Hans Heiss , Hannes Obermair (eds.): City and Hochstift: Brixen, Bruneck and Klausen up to secularization 1803 - Città e Principato: Bressanone, Brunico e Chiusa fino alla secolarizzazione 1803 (= publications of the South Tyrolean Provincial Archives 12). Bolzano: Athesia 2000 publishing house. ISBN 88-8266-084-2 .
  • Christoph Gasser, Margareth Nössing: Contributions to the history of houses in the city of Klausen . Weger, Brixen 1991, ISBN 88-85831-21-4 .
  • Sepp Krismer: The churches of Klausen . Weger, Brixen 2005.
  • Sepp Krismer: Klausen 1308–2008: a reader on the city's history . Weger, Brixen 2008 (online) .
  • Erika Kustatscher : The cities of the Brixen monastery in the late Middle Ages: Constitutional and social history of Brixen, Bruneck and Klausen as reflected in the history of people (1200–1550) . Studien-Verlag, Innsbruck / Vienna / Bozen 2007, ISBN 978-3-7065-4402-3 .
  • Alois Rastner, Romana Stifter Ausserhofer: The main team Säben, the city court Klausen, the courts Latzfons and Verdings 1500–1803 . Klausen 2008.
  • Sonja Webhofer: The oldest documents in the Klausen city archive (1328–1450) . Diploma thesis, Innsbruck 1994.

Web links

Commons : Klausen  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Klausen in the Topographia Austriacarum (Mathäus Merian)  - sources and full texts
Wikisource: Klausen in the appendix of the Topographia Austriacarum (Mathäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Martin Bitschnau , Hannes Obermair : Tiroler Urkundenbuch, II. Department: The documents on the history of the Inn, Eisack and Pustertal valleys. Volume 1: By the year 1140 . Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck 2009, ISBN 978-3-7030-0469-8 , p. 171-172 No. 199 .
  2. ↑ Bettina Anzinger, Georg Neuhauser: Mining and City - The Chiusa Bergrevier in the early modern period. A research report. In: History and Region / Storia e regione . 24 (2015), No. 1, pp. 157-167.
  3. ↑ The mayors of the South Tyrolean municipalities since 1952. (PDF; 15 MB) In: Festschrift 50 Years of the South Tyrolean Association of Municipalities 1954–2004. Association of South Tyrolean municipalities, pp. 139–159 , accessed on November 16, 2015 .
  4. ↑ I borghi più belli d'Italia ( Memento of the original from October 24, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (official website), accessed on October 25, 2016 (Italian) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.borghipiubelliditalia.it