Lower Inn Valley
| Lower Inn Valley | ||
|---|---|---|
 The Lower Inn Valley near Kirchbichl |
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| location | Tyrol , Austria | |
| Waters | Inn | |
| Mountains | Northern Limestone Alps , Central Alps | |
| Geographical location | 47 ° 27 ' N , 11 ° 57' E | |
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| Type | Trough valley | |
| height | 480 to 600 m above sea level A. | |
| length | 90 km | |
The part of the Inn valley through which the Inn flows from the Melach estuary near Zirl a few kilometers west of Innsbruck downriver to the Bavarian border is called the Lower Inn Valley . It is the main settlement, economic and traffic area in Tyrol .
geography
The Tiroler Unterinntal is not to be equated with the Tiroler Unterland , but forms only part of it; the lowlands also includes all of the side valleys in the east of North Tyrol . The area around Innsbruck is sometimes considered separately and then referred to as the middle Inn Valley .
The Lower Inn Valley is a wide trough valley . The difference in altitude along the Inn is only around 100 meters for almost 90 kilometers. The largest side valleys are the Wipptal , the Zillertal and the Brixental , which all flow from the south.
geology
As far as the Pill area , the Lower Inn Valley separates the Northern Limestone Alps from the higher Central Alps to the south . Below, a Grauwackenzone pushes itself between the two mountain groups , which widens towards the east. The Lower Inn Valley was essentially formed in the Ice Ages . When the glaciers retreated at the end of the last ice age around 20,000 years ago, the valley was filled with a thick layer of gravel. The Inn cut itself gradually into this and formed today's broad trough valley. The remains of the original valley floor form the low mountain range terraces on both sides.
The Lower Inn Valley is one of the most active earthquake regions in the Eastern Alps and in all of Austria. The main focus of the strong earthquake activity is in the Innsbruck - Hall area, near the confluence of the Wipptal fault into the seismic Inntal fault. Around 25% of the strong earthquakes in Austria occur in this area. The most momentous quakes were recorded in 1572, 1670 and 1689.
climate
The Lower Inn Valley lies in the transition area between the drier inner-Alpine valley climate of the Upper Inn Valley and the more precipitous climate of the northern Alpine foothills . It has higher levels of precipitation and higher cloud cover than the Upper Inn Valley and its side valleys. Occasionally, banks of fog or high fog can penetrate from the Bavarian Alpine foothills. The mean annual precipitation for the years 1971-2000 in Innsbruck (airport) is 883.1 mm, in Jenbach 1177.0 mm, in Kirchbichl 1135.7 mm and in Kufstein 1293.7 mm.
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Monthly average temperatures and precipitation for Jenbach ( 530 m above sea level )
Source:
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history
The border between the Upper and Lower Inn Valley along the Melach is the old border between the Sonnenburg and Hörtenberg district courts .
The “pagus inter valles” , the “Gau between the valleys” or “Zwischenentalgau”, which comprised at least the (right bank) Inntal between the Alpine foothills and the Zillertal and possibly also the north-east Tyrolean valleys, lay here even earlier . It is mentioned in the Notitia Arnonis , a property register of the Salzburg Archbishop Arn from the year 788. Emperor Konrad II gave the Lower Inn Valley between Melach and Ziller in 1027 (here named as "in Valle Eniana" ) as a fief to Bishop Hartwig von Brixen ; the Brixen bishops awarded it to the Counts of Andechs around 1165 . When they died out, the county of Unterinntal passed to the Counts of Tyrol in 1248 . The section below the Zillertal only came to Tyrol in 1504 under Maximilian I after the Landshut War of Succession .
population
In contrast to the Upper Inn Valley, the Lower Inn Valley is quite extensive, densely populated and relatively heavily industrialized. In the Lower Inn Valley, almost half of the Tyrolean population, around 315,000 people, live in a relatively small area. The largest communities are Innsbruck (131,961 inhabitants), Kufstein (19,527), Wörgl (14,059), Hall in Tirol (14,153), Schwaz (13,791) and Rum (9271). The original town centers are mostly elevated on the edge of the valley, on alluvial cones of the streams or on the low mountain range terraces . The valley floor is now also frequently used for settlements and, above all, for businesses.
The southern Bavarian dialects spoken in the western part of the Lower Inn Valley show transition features to the Central Bavarian dialects as they are spoken further east. This transition area runs roughly along the old Roman provincial border between Noricum and Raetia , which still exists today as a diocesan border between the Archdiocese of Salzburg and the Diocese of Innsbruck .
Economy and Transport
The majority of the important Tyrolean industrial companies are located in the Lower Inn Valley, especially in the greater Innsbruck area, in Wattens ( Swarovski ), Jenbach ( Jenbacher Werke ), Kundl ( Sandoz ), Wörgl and Kirchbichl. There are Inn power plants at Kirchbichl, Langkampfen and Oberaudorf / Ebbs .
The wide valley floor offers good conditions for agriculture, which is often operated as a main income . Vegetable growing predominates in the Innsbruck area, and cattle farming further downstream. In contrast to the side valleys, tourism (with the exception of Innsbruck) plays only a minor role.
The Lower Inn Valley is an important traffic axis on which the inner-Austrian east-west traffic towards Arlberg and the north-south traffic from Germany over the Brenner to Italy overlap. Major traffic arteries are the Unterinntalbahn , the Inntal Autobahn A12 and the Tiroler Straße . As part of the TEN axis No. 1 Berlin – Palermo and the future access route to the Brenner Base Tunnel , the Lower Inn Valley Railway will be expanded to four tracks. The first section of the New Lower Inn Valley Railway went into operation in 2012.
In 2011 an average of 53,520 vehicles per day were counted on the Inntal motorway near Schwaz, of which almost 40% were truck or truck-like traffic. The total traffic almost doubled between 1985 and 2010. Due to the heavy traffic, the EU limit values for air pollution control in the Lower Inn Valley are often significantly exceeded.
The Inn Cycle Path , an international long-distance cycle route , is of touristic importance .
panorama
Web links
- Lower Inn Valley in the Tyrol Atlas of the University of Innsbruck
Individual evidence
- ^ Rudolf Oberhauser, Franz Karl Bauer (ed.): The geological structure of Austria . Springer-Verlag, Vienna 1980, ISBN 3-7091-3745-4 , p. 518-519 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-7091-3744-4 .
- ↑ Toni Kraft: The Seismicity of the Northern Eastern Alps. Diploma thesis, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 1999
- ^ A b Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics: Climate data from Austria 1971–2000
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^ Fritz Lošek : Notitia Arnonis and Breves Notitiae . In: Herwig Wolfram (Ed.): Sources on Salzburg's early history. Vienna 2006, pp. 9–178.
Herwig Wolfram: Salzburg, Bavaria, Austria: the Conversio Bagoariorum et Carantanorum and the sources of their time . Ed .: Institute for Austrian Historical Research Vienna. tape 31 of communications from the Institute for Austrian Historical Research , supplementary volume. Oldenbourg Verlag, 1995, ISBN 3-7029-0404-2 , III. Political order and institutions. Section Gau and "Gaugenossen" , p. 160 ( limited preview in Google Book Search). - ↑ Martin Bitschnau , Hannes Obermair : Tiroler Urkundenbuch, II. Department: The documents on the history of the Inn, Eisack and Pustertal valleys. Vol. 1: Up to the year 1140 . Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck 2009, ISBN 3-7030-0469-X , p. 171-172 No. 199 .
- ↑ European family tables: Grafschaft Tirol
- ↑ Land Tirol: Planning associations Innsbruck and surroundings , Hall and surroundings , Wattens and surroundings , Schwaz - Jenbach and surroundings , Brixlegg and surroundings , Wörgl and surroundings , Kufstein and surroundings
- ^ Office of the Tyrolean Provincial Government, Dept. of Transport Planning (Ed.): Verkehr in Tirol - Report 2011 . Innsbruck 2012 ( PDF; 1.5 MB )
- ^ Federal Environment Agency (ed.): Program according to § 9A IG-L for the state of Tyrol. Report REP-0119, Vienna 2010 ( PDF; 5.9 MB )