Sonnenburg District Court
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The district court of Sonnenburg is one of the institutions established in the 13th century for the administration of justice and public administration in Tyrol ( land register of the year 1288).
The sovereign courts (regional courts) exercised high jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters ; City and market courts , collegiate and Hofmark courts were equipped with the lower jurisdiction . The courts consisted entirely of undergraduate jurisprudence ( honorable and respected men ) who spoke the law according to state custom and state law. The main person in the old Tyrolean judiciary was the judge or caretaker appointed by the judge with the clerk . In addition to the administration of justice, these were also responsible for political administration, i.e. In other words, they had to collect taxes in their district, raise deliveries (taxes), organize national defense in critical times, etc. The regional courts were thus those territorial bodies that for centuries with the support of the community leaders for the whole of public life, especially the rural population of Tyrol , as executive bodies were decisive. The Sonnenburg regional court had the advantage over the other regional courts that it was responsible for the entire state of Tyrol for crimes of high treason and counterfeiting .
The middle Inntal was divided into the judicial districts Rottenburg (Rotholz), Frundsberg (Schwaz), Rettenberg (Volders), Thaur (Hall), Matrei (Wipptal) and Sonnenburg (Innsbruck area). The district court of Sonnenburg extended over 14 communities in the southern low mountain range from Tulfes to Kematen and beyond the Inn to Hötting . Several lower courts belonged to the district of Sonnenburg, namely the court of Axams (communities Birgitz , Axams , Grinzens , Rothenbrunn and Gries im Sellrain ), the court of Stubai (for the entire valley communities), the Propsteigericht Ambras (communities of Amras , Pradl , Aldrans , Ellbögen ) , the Innsbruck City Court and the Wilten Court Court (municipalities of Wilten , St. Sigmund im Sellrain ). In the 18th century, Sonnenburg was one of the largest courts in Tyrol in terms of numbers with 12,000 court subjects.
In the 13th and 14th centuries the seat of the district court Sonnenburg was on the Sonnenburg near Innsbruck . In the 15th to 17th centuries Vellenberg Castle near Götzens was the seat of the court, in the 18th century the Ettnau residence in Hötting and finally (1814–1849) the court building in Wilten.
After the Peace of Pressburg on December 25, 1805, Tyrol and Vorarlberg came under Bavarian rule from 1806 to 1814. The Bavarian government made a new division of courts in 1807. Among other things, the district court of Sonnenburg was merged with the city court of Innsbruck to form the district court of Innsbruck , while the small lower courts of Ambras, Axams and Wilten were dissolved and Innsbruck came under. After the reunification of Tyrol with the Austrian Empire in 1814, the old court system and administrative organization based on the Austrian model were reintroduced. The old regional courts resumed their activities in 1817 after being reorganized, now as imperial regional courts . The dishes Ambras, Axams and Wilten, which were repealed by the Bavarian interim government in 1807, were no longer produced. 20 communities were now supplied from the courthouse in Wilten: Wilten, Amras, Aldrans, Sistrans, Lans, Igls, Vill, Patsch, Mutters, Natters, Götzens, Birgitz, Axams, Grinzens, Rothenbrunn, Gries im Sellrain, St. Sigmund im Sellrain , Kematen, Völs and Hötting. According to the new judicial organization ordinance for Tyrol and Vorarlberg of June 15, 1849, the imperial district court Sonnenburg Wilten was finally repealed and the entire judicial district was combined with the Innsbruck district to form the new Innsbruck district court .
With the creation of the district authorities, there was also a separation of political affairs from the judiciary, as Emperor Joseph II had striven for. The regional court, which in addition to the administration of justice as the executive body of the government , had to deal with all matters of its judicial communities with paternal care , namely appropriate management of the tax and defense system, care for the maintenance of calm, security and morality as well as the promotion of public welfare in every respect, had ceased to exist.