North Tyrol
North Tyrol is the northern part of the Tyrol region and the larger part of today's Austrian state of Tyrol .
history
Today's Tyrol region, formerly a county in the Habsburg Empire , was divided between German Austria and Italy at the end of the First World War after the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and is divided into four parts:
- North Tyrol and East Tyrol (the district of Lienz ) in the Republic of Austria together form the state of Tyrol with its capital Innsbruck .
- South Tyrol (the Autonomous Province of Bozen / Alto Adige ) with the capital Bozen and the Trentino (Welschtirol, Autonomous Province of Trento / Trento) with the capital Trento together form the region of Trentino-Alto Adige in Italy.
Today these four parts of the country establish the cross-border European region Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino .
- See also the sections History of Tyrol until 1918 and 1918 until today
geography
North Tyrol encompasses the entire area of historic Tyrol north of the main Alpine ridge , mainly the Inn valley and its secondary valleys, as well as the upper Lech valley as well as the Leukental and the Pillerseetal .
The part of the country is divided into the regions (North Tyrolean) Unterland east of Innsbruck, (North Tyrolean) Oberland west of Innsbruck and the Ausserfern , whereby in recent years the central area as Innsbruck and the surrounding area has become increasingly independent.
North Tyrol has an area of 1,062,783.53 hectares (about 10,627 km²), that is about 84% or 5 ⁄ 6 of the area of the federal state, and 40% of the area of the European region (of historic Tyrol). North Tyrol has about 625,000 inhabitants (2001: 623,100), that is 92.5% of the inhabitants of Tyrol, i.e. over 9 ⁄ 10 , and 36% ( 1 ⁄ 3 ) of the 1.25 million Tyroleans and Trientines (2001) on both sides of the state border .
Neighboring regions
Allgäu | Upper Bavaria | |
Vorarlberg | Pinzgau | |
Engadine | South-Tirol | East Tyrol ∗ |
- ∗The second part of the state of Tyrol, East Tyrol, does not border on North Tyrol, because the uppermost South Tyrolean Ahrntal is in between and borders on the state of Salzburg .
Political and administrative structure
Politically, the part of the country is divided into the following political districts (from east to west, with judicial districts ):
- Kitzbühel district (also judicial district)
- Kufstein district (with the Kufstein and Rattenberg judicial districts )
- District of Schwaz (with the judicial districts of Schwaz and Zell am Ziller )
- District Innsbruck-Land (with the judicial districts Innsbruck , which together with Innsbruck (city) is a district of the District Court Innsbruck, Hall in Tirol and Telfs )
- District Innsbruck-Stadt (statutory city Innsbruck, judicial district Innsbruck )
- Imst district (with the Imst and Silz judicial districts )
- Landeck district (also judicial district)
- Reutte district ("Ausserfern", also Reutte judicial district )
According to the major regions also the statistical breakdown NUTS: AT with AT331 Ausserfern , AT332 Innsbruck , AT334 Tiroler Oberland and AT335 Tiroler Unterland .
Of the 279 Tyrolean municipalities , 243, or 88%, are in North Tyrol.
traffic
Streets
The traffic situation in North Tyrol is characterized by several important transit routes:
- Europastraße 45 (A 12 Inntal motorway and A 13 Brenner motorway ) Kufstein - Brenner Pass plays a dominant role as one of the four most important Alpine transit routes that crosses North Tyrol from northeast to south.
- Next to it is the west-east axis, which has the same route in the Lower Inn Valley
- S 16 Arlberg expressway ( Arlberg tunnel ) to Bregenz and Switzerland ( E 60 ),
- in the east on the A 12 to Kufstein and to Germany or
- from Wörgl on the B 178 Loferer Straße over the Strub pass ( E 641 further over the small German corner to Salzburg or over the B 311 Pinzgauer Straße towards Ennstal – Graz), the latter the most important purely inner-Austrian long-distance connection.
- The B 161 Pass-Thurn-Straße near Kitzbühel, which via Mittersill with the B 108 Felbertauern Straße and the Felbertauerntunnel represents the inner Austrian connection to East Tyrol - since the abolition of border controls with the Schengen Agreement , this connection has been opposite the route via Italy (Brenner - A22 (Italy) - State Road 49 (SS49) - Drautal Road B 100 ( E 68 Pustertal - Drautal)) lost in importance.
- Another important connection is the B 179 Fernpassstraße , which connects the Ausserfern, and is a popular holiday travel route for Germans (connection with the German A 7 ).
Are of lesser importance, primarily for tourism, in regional and small border traffic
- the pass crossings Ausserfern - Warth - Hochtannberg - Bregenzerwald (L 200 Bregenzerwaldstraße ),
- the B 188 Silvrettastraße from Paznaun via the Verwall ( Bieler Höhe ) into the Montafon ,
- the Reschen Pass in the Vinschgau (B 180 Reschen Straße - State Road 40 (SS40)),
- the B 165 Gerlos Alpine Road to Oberpinzgau ,
- the Grießenpass from Leukental near St. Johann to Saalfelden (B 164 Hochkönig Straße ),
- the Achenpass from the Achental to Bad Tölz (B 181 Achenseestraße - German B 307 ), and
- the Seefelder Sattel to Mittenwald (B 177 Seefelder Straße - German B 2 ),
- as well as the valley passes
- on the Loisach to Garmisch-Partenkirchen (B 187 Ehrwalder Straße - German B 23 ), and
- on the Großache near Kössen to Marquartstein (B 176 Kössener Straße - German B 307 ) and Reit im Winkl (B 172 Walchseestraße - German Alpine Road ), and
- the Finstermünzpass into the Engadin (B 184 Engadiner Straße - Swiss main road 27 ).
Railways
Corresponding to the road routes run parallel:
- the Westbahn with Großes Deutsches Eck - Kufstein - Innsbruck or Salzburg-Tiroler-Bahn Zell am See - Wörgl and Arlbergbahn Innsbruck - Bludenz
- the Brennerbahn Innsbruck - Brenner and further
- the Mittenwaldbahn Innsbruck - Mittenwald - Garmisch-Partenkirchen and further
- the Ausserfernbahn Garmisch-Partenkirchen - Reutte in Tirol - Pfronten and further
Airport
The only significant airport is Innsbruck-Kranebitten Airport , which is only sufficient for city flights due to its inner-Alpine location , but currently offers scheduled services to Vienna as well as destinations such as London, Amsterdam, Berlin, Brussels, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Copenhagen, Moscow and St. Petersburg .
Web links
- North Tyrol: local history , geschichte-tirol.com
Individual evidence
- Entry on North Tyrol in the Austria Forum (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
- North Tyrol . In: Salzburger Nachrichten : Salzburgwiki .