Welschnofen

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Welschnofen
(Italian: Nova Levante )
coat of arms
Coat of arms of Welschnofen
 map
Welschnofen in South Tyrol - Positionskarte.svg
State : Italy
Region : Trentino-South Tyrol
Province : Bolzano - South Tyrol
District community : Salten-Schlern
Inhabitants :
(VZ 2011 / 31.12.2019) 		1.909 / 1.999
Language groups :
(according to 2011 census ) 		94.00% German
5.53% Italian
0.47% Ladin
Coordinates 46 ° 26 '  N , 11 ° 32'  E Coordinates: 46 ° 26 '  N , 11 ° 32'  E
Altitude : 850– 2842  m slm (center: 1180  m slm )
Surface: 50.8 km²
Permanent settlement area: 5.5 km²
Neighboring municipalities: Deutschnofen , Karneid , Moena , Predazzo , San Giovanni di Fassa , Tiers
Postal code : 39056
Area code : 0471
ISTAT number: 021058
Tax number: 00251080214
Mayor  (2015): Markus Dejori ( SVP )

Welschnofen ([ vɛlʃn̩'oˑfn̩ ]; Italian Nova Levante , Ladin Nueva Ladina ) is a municipality with 1999 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019) in South Tyrol near Bolzano . Due to its scenic location and the tourist offer, the municipality is an attractive holiday destination. Both winter and summer tourism play an important economic role. The Welschnofner hotels, inns and private rooms can accommodate around 2500 guests.

geography

Town view from the west with the Rosengarten massif in the background

Welschnofen comprises areas in the upper Eggental and in the surrounding mountain areas of the Dolomites in south-east South Tyrol. The Eggental, which branches off from the Eisack Valley at Kardaun and is drained by the Eggentaler Bach , divides into two branches at Birchabruck , one of which leads south and one east. The municipality of Welschnofen occupies most of the eastern branch, in which the main town Welschnofen, which has the character of a street village, is located at an altitude of 1180  m . Further up the valley follow the Karersee located at 1519  m in the Latemarwald and above it at 1650  m the Karersee settlement of the same name . The eastern branch of the Eggental finally ends at 1752  m on the Karer Pass , a transition into the Fassatal .

The Karerpass is dominated on the north side by the Rosengarten , whose highest peaks in the municipality are the Tscheinerspitze ( 2810  m ) and the Rotwand ( 2806  m ). To the west, below its rock faces, the Niger Pass ( 1690  m ) provides a transition into the Tiers valley . The Latemar rises south of the Karerpass and dominates the panorama of the Karersee with the Diamantiditurm ( 2842  m ) and the Latemarspitze ( 2800  m ), its two highest peaks.

In the west, Deutschnofen and Karneid are the neighboring communities of Eggental. Welschnofen meets Tiers on the north side . In the east and south, i.e. on the Karer Pass and on the summit ridge of Rosengarten and Latemar, the municipality borders on Trentino .

history

A year-round cultivated settlement structure in the Welschnofner area can be assumed after the turn of the millennium. It was first mentioned as "Noue" in the years 1142–1147 in a traditional note from Bishop Hartmann von Brixen in favor of Neustift Abbey . In a Bolzano deed from 1312 in favor of the Heiliggeistspital there , the place is referred to as "Noua latina". In the bailiwick of the Karneid judiciary from approx. 1341/51, the place name "Wælsche Noue" appears for the first time and a distinction is made between a lower and an upper Welschnofen with "ze Niderst Noue" and "ze Obrist Noue". The place name is explained by the Romanesque (terra) nova , which means something like new break, clearing. The expression "Welsch" indicates that originally mainly Welsche, ie Ladin speakers, were involved in the development of the settlement. This is also different can hallway and farm names include how Talt, Plun, Kaldrun, Zenai, Frin and others. They spoke their own Ladin dialect , namely Eggental ( noves ), which is closely related to Val Gardena. The language change from Ladin to German took place largely in the 16th and 17th centuries.

Welschnofen was never a wealthy place. For centuries, its inhabitants lived on the meager yields of agriculture. The cultivation of grain was only ever used for self-sufficiency. A cold and short summer was enough to plunge the population into hardship and hunger. Cattle breeding was also only pursued for self-sufficiency. The natural wealth of the forests could not be used appropriately until Eggentaler Straße was opened in 1860, as the removal of the wood was very laborious. The sale of Lörget (larch resin ), Pigl (wood tar) and charcoal gained a certain importance . The importance of iron ore mining on the Latemar for Welschnofen’s economy in the Middle Ages can no longer be determined today.

Neustift Monastery was the landlord of the area for centuries. The farmers living and working on the farms were obliged to make annual deliveries of taxes, which, however, they were often unable to pay on time due to the poor living conditions.

From a church perspective, Welschnofen belonged to the parish Völs am Schlern , which in turn was subordinate to the Neustift monastery. The Welschnofner had to accept a four-hour walk to attend the services and funerals in Fiè. So early on they tried to appoint their own pastor on site, but this turned out to be very difficult due to the unfortunate financial situation.

A church in Welschnofen was first mentioned in 1298, but for a long time there were only sporadic services there. Since 1341 Welschnofen has been given pastoral care by the Völser Expositur Tiers, but only since 1484 there seems to have been a permanent curate in Welschnofen. The Neustift monastery has provided pastoral care since the 17th century. The church patrons of the local parish are St. Ingenuin and St. Albuin . The church that exists today is a new building from 1967. The church tower, the landmark of the village, dates from the 18th century in its current form.

When there was still no cemetery in Welschnofen, the corpses were brought to Völs, later to Tiers, for burial. In winter, when the way over the Zischgl was impassable, the corpses were kept in a large chest on the Zischgl-Gstalt until spring.

Welschnofen was originally under the jurisdiction of the Lords of Völs and later passed into the jurisdiction of Karneid . The court was responsible for the entire political administration and for the administration of justice, for the collection of taxes, for the national defense, for public security as well as for the maintenance of the traffic routes, the poor relief and the use of the forest and grazing rights. Also administratively, Welschnofen was subordinate to the Karneid, Steinegg and Gummer districts as a fraction of the municipality of Karneid.

Part of the boundaries of the court coincided with the boundaries of the two dioceses of Trient and Brixen (Eggentaler Bach, Fötschenbach, Latemar). In contrast to Deutschnofen, which was under the bishops of Trient, Welschnofen belonged to the diocese of Brixen until 1818, whose bishop was the highest secular and ecclesiastical authority from the Middle Ages and up to the modern age.

In 1779 there is talk of a trivial school in Welschnofen for the first time .

The 19th century brought many changes of a political, economic and social nature to Welschnofen. The long efforts to separate from the large community of Karneid came after the road through the Eggental was built in 1860. With this connection to Bolzano , new economic development opportunities opened up for the village: timber industry, alpinism, tourism. In 1870 the history of Welschnofen began as an independent municipality.

Grand-Hotel Karersee / Carezza (at 1,670 m) in the year it opened, 1896

At the end of the 19th century, the alpinist Theodor Christomannos emphasized the need to connect Welschnofen with the Karerpass and with the municipality of Vigo di Fassa by a road. The opening of the villages to tourism should bring jobs and new prosperity to the valley.

Christomannos also had the " Grand Hotel Karersee" built, which was inaugurated in 1896 at the same time as the new road to the Karerpass. Illustrious personalities from many European countries and from overseas visited it, such as Empress Sisi , the Austrian writer Arthur Schnitzler , the English crime writer Agatha Christie , Karl May , Winston Churchill and others. v. a. The Leipzig painter and graphic artist Leo Rauth committed suicide near Welschnofen in 1913.

The road through the Eggental was closed to the developing motorized traffic, out of consideration for the many hotel guests, who should not be disturbed in their tranquility in the middle of the untouched nature.

During the First World War, the ban was lifted, the Dolomite front was only a few kilometers away, and the road served as a supply route for the troops. During the war, Russian prisoners of war built the Niger Strait . Many died of cold and deprivation and were buried near St. Joseph's Church in Karersee.

The interwar period was a difficult time for Welschnofen, which was particularly marked by the separation from Austria in 1919 and the ensuing fascism . Everything German was banned, the name Welschnofen was replaced first by Nova Italiana , then by Nova Levante .

The area experienced an unprecedented economic boom after the Second World War. People found many new jobs in tourism and in the timber industry. Within a few decades, the appearance of the town changed significantly: Hotels were built, single-family houses were built, as well as various infrastructure facilities such as lifts, swimming pools, sports centers, club houses, etc. Many small farmers gave up agriculture and found work in the tourism industry. Welschnofen had become a tourist center.

In the 1990s, the lift operators could not find a closed way to control the ski area according to the new needs of sports enthusiasts. A crisis followed that led to the bankruptcy of the Laurin lifts. An entrepreneur has been in the process of repositioning the ski area with a comprehensive investment program since 2008.

The South Tyrolean provincial government has set up its own tree nursery in Welschnofen-Karersee. At the foot of the Latemar is the state domain that trains foresters and has created jobs for the Welschnofner. The wood is of a quality that custom-made products are possible with it. Also violin makers are purchasing the raw material for the instrument.

Today summer and winter tourism continues to play a major role, while the timber industry has lost its importance. In the 1990s, the phenomenon of commuting developed . More and more people are finding work in the nearby South Tyrolean capital, Bozen.

traffic

Welschnofen is accessible for motor traffic primarily via the state road SS 241 (also known as the Great Dolomites Road ), which branches off the SS 12 in Kardaun near Bozen and leads through the Eggental over the Karer Pass into the Fassa Valley . There is also a road over the Niger Pass into the Tiers valley .

Attractions

politics

mayor

Municipal Council (2015)
12
3
12 3 
A total of 15 seats

Mayor since 1945:

  • Johann Geiger: 1945–1968
  • Alois Schwierbaumer: 1968–1969
  • Manfred Wiedenhofer: 1969–1992
  • Othmar Neulichedl: 1992-2000
  • Luis Neulichedl: 2000-2005
  • Elmar Pattis: 2005–2010
  • Markus Dejori: since 2010

coat of arms

Blazon : square of black and red; in the first and fourth fields a golden lion , in the second and third a silver pretzel over a blue mountain of three . The latter is the coat of arms of the judge Bartlmä Pretz von Pretzenberg.

literature

  • Bruno Mahlknecht : Rose Garden, Welschnofen, Karersee . South Tyrolean Area Guide, Volume 5. Athesia Publishing House, Bozen 1975, OBV .
  • Stefan Schwienbacher: Theodor Christomannos - the Alpenhotels Sulden, Trafoi and Karersee . Thesis. University of Vienna, Vienna 1997, OBV .
  • Ignaz Kircher, Franz Kohler, Eduard Pichler: Welschnofen - from the old days . 4 volumes. Folio-Verlag, Bozen / Vienna 1994–2003, OBV .
  • Franz Kohler: From the end of the time without electricity. A history of the electrification of South Tyrol using the example of Welschnofen . Folio-Verlag, Bozen / Vienna 2012, ISBN 978-3-85256-604-7

Web links

Commons : Welschnofen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hans Wagner ( arr .): The tradition book of the Augustiner Chorrenstift Neustift near Brixen . Austrian Academy of Sciences , Vienna 1954 (Fontes rerum Austriacarum II / 76), p. 39, no. 16.
  2. ^ Hannes Obermair : Bozen Süd - Bolzano Nord. Written form and documentary tradition of the city of Bozen up to 1500 . tape 1 . City of Bozen, Bozen 2005, ISBN 88-901870-0-X , p. 178, no. 258 .
  3. ↑ Eduard Pichler: Dominion and Subject (Welschnofen 3). Folio: Vienna-Bozen 2003, p. 349, No. 9.
  4. ↑ See Karin Pattis: Economy on the mountain. Aspects of rural life at the beginning of modern times using the example of Welschnofen , in: Der Schlern 89, H. 10, 2015, pp. 4–19.
  5. ↑ Grand Hotel Carezza - Club Residence - History . In: grandhotelcarezza.it , accessed on March 18, 2011.
  6. ↑ The mayors of the South Tyrolean municipalities since 1952. (PDF; 15 MB) In: Festschrift 50 Years of the South Tyrolean Association of Municipalities 1954–2004. Association of South Tyrolean municipalities, pp. 139–159 , accessed on November 16, 2015 .