Hartmann von Brixen

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Hartmann von Brixen (* 1090/1091; † 1164 ) was born in Oberpolling ( Fürstenstein municipality ) near Passau as the son of a wealthy but not aristocratic family. His veneration as a blessed was confirmed papally in 1784.

education

The parents sent Hartmann to the monastery of St. Nikolaus in Passau , where he was taught by regulated Augustinian canons . This canon monastery was founded by Bishop Altmann von Passau , one of the leading figures in the reform of the canons. Hartmann must have conformed to the strict life of the monastery because he joined the canons and was ordained a priest.

Salzburg

In 1123 he was brought to Salzburg by Archbishop Konrad I after his attempt to implement the reform of the canons met with strong resistance: Konrad was even temporarily banned from Salzburg. The insubordinate, unregulated canons of the cathedral monastery had Emperor Heinrich V on their side. After his return to Salzburg, however, Konrad managed to introduce the Augustinian rule and the three religious vows at his cathedral monastery . Hartmann's job was to support Konrad in the function of cathedral dean .

Hartmann seemed to have proven himself very well in Salzburg, because around 1131 he was appointed provost in the rebuilt Chiemsee Abbey , which developed well in the period that followed. But he was only supposed to spend about three years here before he was called to his next job. At the request of Margrave Leopold III. he went to Klosterneuburg . The monastery founded by Leopold was initially also run by secular (unregulated) canons. The fact that the margrave appointed his 14-year-old son as his successor after the death of the first provost must have turned out to be such a gross mistake in terms of discipline in the monastery that Leopold soon turned to the Archbishop of Salzburg for advice. As a result, Hartmann was appointed provost and the monastery was assigned Augustinian canons: in 1134 Klosterneuburg was taken under papal protection, in 1137 Hartmann obtained a letter of confirmation and protection from the Pope .

Brixen

“Hartmann had already distinguished himself as a leading figure in the Gregorian church and clergy reform in the Archdiocese of Salzburg and was finally appointed provost to Klosterneuburg. But his life's work awaited him in Tyrol . ”Probably at the instigation of Konrad, he was called to Brixen as bishop in 1140 . The Hochstift then comprised the bulk of the Pusteria , the Eisacktal up to Klausen and against Kardaun, the Wipptal , the Oberinntal except the Paznauntal and Scharnitz and the Unterinntal to Ziller . The position as Prince-Bishop of Brixen represents the high point of Hartmann's career. His high reputation is attested by the fact that Hartmann, together with Archbishop Eberhard I of Salzburg, accompanied the solemn elevation and translation of the bones of Emperor Heinrich II in Bamberg Cathedral .

Basilica Seckau , early baroque memorial plaque for the inauguration of the basilica (September 16, 1164) by Bishop Hartmann in the vestibule (with the erroneous name Hermann)

The disputes between Pope and Emperor in the course of the investiture dispute had also left their mark on this diocese. The synod in Brixen of 1080, which aimed to depose Gregory VII , had seriously damaged its reputation. "Bressanone itself was completely discredited by this bishops' meeting, which went down in history as the 'aftersynod'". It was only Hartmann's predecessor, Reginbert , who began to remedy the worst grievances, but in 1140 the diocese was still in poor condition. Hartmann's goal as a reformer was to reform the Brixen cathedral chapter , because there, too, there was a lack of discipline. At first he tried to achieve this primarily through his role model effect. He celebrated Holy Mass every day. Allegedly he wore a penitential belt under a simple outer garment. In addition, the 'Vita Beati Hartmanni' reports a strict lifestyle and self-flagellation. He was also a great admirer of Mary, who in many ways promoted the St. Georgenberg Monastery, which his predecessor had elevated to a Benedictine abbey , for example by propagating cloisters (joint pilgrimages by entire parishes) there.

Hartmann's life was characterized by his will to reform, and “in connection with the renewal of the clergy, he also founded the Augustinian canons of Neustift .” On September 16, 1164, Bishop Hartmann inaugurated the Romanesque church in Seckau . He died on December 23, 1164 and was soon venerated as a blessed , in the 15th century sometimes even depicted as a saint . The papal confirmation for the veneration as blessed was 1784 by Pope Pius VI. granted.

seal

Bishop Hartmann Brixner Bishop seal (round), testified in 1141, has a diameter of 7.1 cm and displays the image to perched on a folding chair Bishop in Ornat en face with outstretched hand, the right, the outwardly facing Pedum , left the closed Evangeliar holding . The inscription is placed between bars and reads (abbreviated text in brackets): + HARTMANNVS · D (e) I · GR (ati) A · BRIXINEN (sis) EP (is) C (opvs).

literature

Footnotes

  1. ^ Sparber: The blessed Hartmann . Pp. 18-20.
  2. ^ Riedmann: History of Tyrol. P. 34.
  3. ^ Bitschnau, Obermair: Tiroler Urkundenbuch II / 2. Pp. 170-171, No. 603.
  4. ↑ Gelmi: Middle Ages . Pp. 8-9.
  5. ↑ Gelmi: Middle Ages , p. 13
  6. ^ Description in Bitschnau, Obermair: Tiroler Urkundenbuch II / 2. P. 14, No. 391.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Hartmann von Brixen
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Prince-Bishop
DATE OF BIRTH 1090 or 1091
PLACE OF BIRTH near Passau
DATE OF DEATH December 23, 1164