Klosterneuburg Abbey
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The Stift Klosterneuburg is located northwest of Vienna in the same city Klosterneuburg ( Lower Austria ), belonging to the Congregation of the Austrian Augustinian canons to. The complex goes to a foundation of the Austrian Margrave Leopold III. the saint back together with his wife Agnes von Waiblingen , which had taken place at the beginning of the 12th century.
The original foundation was a double monastery with Augustinian women choirs from the beginning until 1722 . The well-preserved remains of the St. Magdalena Choir Church on Stiftsplatz still bear witness to this today.
In later centuries the complex was expanded and rebuilt several times, so that today it presents itself as an impressive conglomerate of medieval, baroque and historical buildings. Klosterneuburg Abbey is still a lively center of the Catholic faith, houses an important art collection and owns one of the largest and oldest wineries in Austria.
In 2006 the monastery was awarded the Europa Nostra Prize for the redesign of the visitor reception (Sala terrena).
history
The beginnings
The legend of the veil is woven around the founding of Klosterneuburg Abbey . On the day of their marriage, Margrave Leopold III. and his wife Agnes von Waiblingen were standing on the Söller of their castle on Leopoldsberg when a sudden gust of wind seized Agnes' bridal veil and carried it away. It was not until nine years later that the pious margrave is said to have unexpectedly found his wife's veil during a hunt in the woods of Klosterneuburg - caught in an intact condition on a flowering elder tree. This should have been understood as a divine sign, which is why Leopold III. had a monastery built at this point. At a later point in time, this legend was additionally enriched by an apparition of Mary.
In reality, however, Klosterneuburg was no longer an untouched jungle at the beginning of the 12th century. Because the collegiate hill had been settled since prehistoric times and in the 1st century AD it was expanded by the Romans into a fort (probably called Arrianis) to protect the Limes Pannonicus . A smaller settlement, Leopold III, was built on the ruins of this camp as early as the 11th century. finally chosen as his residence and in 1114 for the establishment of a secular canon monastery. The original aim of this foundation was possibly the establishment of an Austrian regional diocese, which is why one of Leopold III's most talented sons, later Otto von Freising , was appointed second provost of the monastery in 1126 and sent to Paris to study. The plans for their own bishopric seem to have failed, not least because of the resistance of the bishops of Passau , Salzburg and Gurk . Thereupon the monastery was handed over to the Canon Regulars ( Augustinian Canons ) in 1133 . The first provost of this new community was Blessed Hartmann , under whose reign the collegiate church was completed and consecrated on September 29, 1136. A few months later, on November 15, 1136, Margrave Leopold III died. He was buried in the chapter house of the monastery (today's Leopold Chapel), where his grave soon became a place of pilgrimage.
High and late Middle Ages
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Klosterneuburg Abbey quickly developed into a cultural and theological center. Under the provosts Marquard (1140–1167) and Rudiger (1167–1168), who were related to Gerhoch von Reichersberg , they campaigned for reforms of the clergy and the fight against the emerging scholasticism . The content-related program of the Klosterneuburg Ambos (the later Verdun Altarpiece) was probably born out of this spirit . This corresponds to the medieval typology and is possibly due to Provost Rudiger, even if the unique enamel work was only commissioned and completed in 1181 under his successor, Provost Wernher (1168–1185). Under Duke Leopold VI. Around 1200, Klosterneuburg regained its function as the residence of the Babenbergs, which had previously been lost to Vienna. Leopold VI. not only had a new palace built, but also the so-called Capella Speciosa - his palace chapel, which is considered the first Gothic building in Austria. When it was consecrated in 1222, however, the duke had moved back to Vienna. Only remnants of both buildings remain today. With the construction of the chapel, however, the Gothic style arrived and a few decades later parts of the monastery - such as the cloister - were also rebuilt in these forms.
The monastery experienced a cultural boom especially in the first half of the 14th century under Provost Stephan von Sierndorf (1317–1335), who commissioned numerous works of art and renovations. This was facilitated by a devastating fire in 1330, which made it necessary to repair and renew the old monastery. The Gothic cloister was completed under Provost Stephan, the Klosterneuburg ambo was converted into a winged altar in 1330/31, and some goldsmith work was commissioned. At the end of the 14th century, the south tower of the church in the Gothic style began to be built. However, the tower got stuck at the height of the church roof and was only temporarily covered.
In the 15th century, the tenure of Provost Georg Muestinger (1418–1442) led to a renewed cultural and scientific bloom. On his behalf, important purchases for the library were made throughout Europe (for example in Padua ), but new manuscripts were also made in the monastery. The provost, who was a friend of the Viennese astronomer Johannes von Gmunden , also dealt extensively with astronomy and cartography .
During the 14th and 15th centuries, the monastery was also busy with the lengthy canonization of the founder's founder. Because although Leopold III. was venerated shortly after his death in 1136, his memory only became systematic in the first half of the 14th century. This is indicated by miracles and answers to prayer recorded from 1323, which are said to have occurred at his grave - which also suggests a strong stream of pilgrims. At the end of Duke Rudolf IV's efforts , Pope Innocent VI. finally in 1358 the process of canonization of the Babenberger. Due to the difficult political situation ( occidental schism ), however, this project soon stalled. It was not until Emperor Friedrich III. the process was revived. After his successful conclusion, the canonization took place on January 6, 1485 under Pope Innocent VIII in Rome. The solemn elevation of the bones of the new saint ( translation ) took place on February 15, 1506 in the presence of Emperor Maximilian I in the collegiate church of Klosterneuburg.
Early modern age
During the reign of Provost Georg Hausmanstetter (1509–1541), the first Turkish siege of Vienna fell in 1529, when the convent was directly threatened and decided to flee to Passau with the church treasures. In Klosterneuburg, in addition to a canon, only the royal regimental councilor Melchior von Lamberg remained, who hurriedly recruited mercenaries for the defense of the city and successfully fended off the siege of Klosterneuburg that began on September 27th. When the convent returned, provost Georg was initially able to prevent the spread of Protestant ideas in the monastery. However, when he died in 1541, not only did the number of canons dwindle, but so did the resistance to Protestantism. Only a few years later, Luther's teachings were preached in the collegiate church . Provost Kaspar Christiani (1578–1584), who was forced upon the monastery by Emperor Rudolf II , led the monastery back to Catholicism.
Due to the Catholic Counter-Reformation , the monastery regained its former importance. On November 15, 1616, Archduke Maximilian III. participated in the Leopoldifest in Klosterneuburg and donated the Austrian Archduke's hat to the monastery on this occasion . As a result, the monastery became the guardian of the “holy crown of the country”, which was only allowed to leave Klosterneuburg as part of the hereditary homage .
A short time later, the baroque style of the collegiate church began , which took place in several phases between 1634 and 1730. In the first stage (1634–1645), the previously unfinished north tower of the west facade was built in Gothic style (based on the south tower), while the interior of the western area was redecorated in baroque forms and the magnificent organ was completed. In a second stage (1680–1702) the focus was on furnishing the nave with frescoes, stucco and altars. In 1723–1730, the presbytery was finally redesigned according to Matthias Steinl's designs . The baroque style was interrupted by the Second Siege of Vienna by the Turks in 1683, when Klosterneuburg was again in danger and the canons fled to Passau with the church treasures. The lay brother Marzellin Orthner played a decisive role in the defense of the city, as his commitment prevented the city from being captured.
The "Austrian Escorial"
Under Provost Ernest Perger (1707–1748), one of the most impressive baroque building projects was launched in Klosterneuburg Abbey. As early as 1714, designs for a massive renovation had been commissioned from Jakob Prandtauer , but this was not carried out for unknown reasons. With the mediation of the Melk Abbot Berthold Dietmayr , Donato Felice d'Allio was finally commissioned in 1730 with the redesign of the entire monastery complex, which provided for a spacious new building with four regular inner courtyards. However, after it became clear that Emperor Charles VI. the monastery to an "Austrian Escorial " , d. H. wanted to convert it into a stately monastery residence and to reside here in part, d'Allio had to adapt his plans in favor of larger splendor. He was assisted by the imperial court building department, whose chief architect, Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach , raised the building by one storey, dynamized the façades and planned monumental domes with the crowns of the House of Habsburg. But although the imperial family had a decisive influence on the design of the building, the costs had to be borne entirely by the monastery .
Why is Charles VI. decided for this gigantic building project in Klosterneuburg has not been completely clarified. It is believed that he wanted to compensate for the loss of the Spanish crown by building an Austrian escorial ( War of the Spanish Succession ). But there is also a location-related aspect. Because Saint Leopold was strongly venerated by the House of Habsburg and soon also regarded as a ( fictional ) ancestor. The establishment of a residence above the saint's grave was also intended to underscore the continuity of the rulers in Austria.
At first, construction progressed rapidly. The construction of the imperial wing planned in the northeast corner, which was covered as early as 1733, began. In 1735 two of the nine planned domes were completed. They present the imperial crown on the one hand and the Austrian archducal hat on the other . Charles VI died in 1740. but unexpectedly, which brought the construction work to an abrupt end. After the death of the emperor (and due to the lack of interest of his daughter Maria Theresa in the building project) the convent lacked any incentive to continue bearing the enormous building costs. As a result, the construction work was stopped and only the areas that were already standing were fully furnished - around 1749 the marble hall with a fresco by Daniel Gran . It was not until 1834–1842, according to plans by Joseph Kornhäusel , that at least one of the four planned inner courtyards (and thus a quarter of the planned complex) could be completed. In the end, the Austrian Escorial remained a torso.
Enlightenment and 19th century
Due to its strong commitment to pastoral care, the monastery was not so badly affected by the Josephinian reform ( secularization ) and was not dissolved. Nevertheless, numerous additional parishes had to be built and some chapels (including the Capella Speciosa ) desecrated in 1787. On the other hand, the monastery had to go through difficult times, especially economically, during the Napoleonic Wars . The French troops who occupied Klosterneuburg on November 11, 1805 demanded enormous sums of money as pillage. Although the French left Klosterneuburg after the Peace of Pressburg in 1806, there was another occupation on May 10, 1809. The wine stores of the monastery were taken away and great damage was done. It was not until November 29, 1809 that the last French occupiers finally withdrew. As a result of these wars, Austria found itself in a catastrophic economic situation, which is why the emperor ordered precious metal deliveries, which also included numerous treasures of the monastery - including the silver reliquary of St. Leopold and one of Archduke Maximilian III. Donated silver bust of the saint.
In the age of historicism , the "restoration" of some parts of the complex was finally pushed ahead. The Viennese master builder Friedrich von Schmidt was responsible for this . Between 1869 and 1881 work was carried out in the cloister, with some areas being restored to their supposedly original, Gothic form. The old glazing was replaced by new panes made by the Geyling company from Vienna. In 1882–1893, the collegiate church was restored, the west towers of which had become dilapidated. The towers, which were originally of different heights, have now been extended in a neo-Gothic style to a height of 82.75 m , standardized and decorated with sculptures by Franz Christoph Erler . The outside of the nave was redesigned in line with the neo-Romanesque style.
Klosterneuburg Abbey, facade of the monastery church before the neo-Gothic reconstruction by Friedrich von Schmidt
Klosterneuburg Abbey, draft for the reconstruction of the monastery church facade in the 19th century
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20th and 21st centuries
Well-known personalities of the monastery in the early 20th century are represented by Wolfgang Eduard Pauker , who promoted the young Egon Schiele , and Friedrich Gustav Piffl , later Archbishop of Vienna. Of particular importance, however, was Pius Parsch , who served as field curate in the First World War was active and had noticed how little soldiers knew about religion and liturgy. When he returned to the pen, he made every effort to change this. He held many Bible studies and published popular scriptures in numerous languages. As a result, the “ popular liturgical movement ” found widespread use, which ultimately also influenced the Second Vatican Council .
The monastery had a particularly hard time under National Socialism , which even led to the abolition and expropriation of the monastery on April 30, 1941. Some canons were covertly involved in the resistance movement - above all Roman Karl Scholz , who was betrayed and executed in 1944. During this difficult time, the convent was led by Provost Alipius Linda, elected in 1937, who was able to return to the monastery with the canons on April 30, 1945. Gradually, the monastery also got its confiscated property back. When Provost Alipius died in 1953, the worst was already over and his successor, Gebhard Koberger (1953–1995), was able to push ahead with economic and financial reconstruction. In 1969, Provost Gebhard was the first Austrian to be elected Abbot-Primate of the Augustinian Canons and also took part in the Second Vatican Council .
His successor was Provost Bernhard Backovsky in 1995 , who in 2002 also became Abbot General of the Augustinian Canons of the Austrian Congregation and in 2010 Abbot Primate of all Augustinian Canons. He invested significantly in the religious, economic and cultural life of the monastery. This includes the restoration of the buildings, the construction of a biomass district heating plant , which heats the monastery and some of Klosterneuburg's public buildings in an ecologically sustainable manner, as well as numerous social projects.
Currently, almost 50 canons belong to the convent of Klosterneuburg Abbey. They live according to the rule of St. Augustine . A one-year novitiate begins for new canons when they are dressed , which is followed by simple profession , a temporary vow lasting three years. Afterwards the solemn profession can be made, whereby the canon binds himself to the monastery for life and vows eternal obedience, poverty and chastity. As a rule, the novices study theology with the aim of becoming priests . Most of the canons are active as pastors in one of the 27 parishes. In addition, they are also involved as scientists, teachers or in the administration of the monastery. The convent is democratically organized, with a provost elected by the canons presiding over the monastery.
Parish activity and social engagement
Klosterneuburg Abbey looks after a total of 27 parishes (24 in Vienna and Lower Austria, one in Norway and two in the USA ). The parishes of the collegiate church and St. Martin in Klosterneuburg have belonged to the monastery since it was founded, others were only added gradually through the expansion of the property or through reforms by Emperor Joseph II ( Josephine Reform ). The following parishes are currently being looked after:
- Klosterneuburg: Stiftspfarre, Kierling, St. Leopold, St. Martin, Kritzendorf, Weidling, Höflein
- Rest of Lower Austria: Haselbach, Korneuburg, Langenzersdorf, Reinprechtspölla, Stoitzendorf, Tattendorf
- Vienna: Maria Lourdes, Meidling, Maria Hietzing, Grinzing, Heiligenstadt, Kahlenbergerdorf, Neustift am Walde, Nussdorf, Sievering, Donaufeld, Floridsdorf
- Norway: Bergen
- USA: St. Patrick and St. Rocco in the Diocese of Rockville Center , New York State
In accordance with the social statute of the foundation issued in 2000, annually at least 10% of the profits made in business operations are used for social purposes - but the sums are usually far higher. The most famous social project is the Aktion Concordia project by Father Georg Sporschill , which helps almost 100 Romanian street children and supports elderly people in Moldova . However, some smaller campaigns are also funded , such as child protection centers in India and Honduras , women's aid projects in Afghanistan or an eye clinic in South Sudan .
Economical meaning
The business operations of Klosterneuburg Abbey provide the necessary economic basis for religious, social and cultural tasks. The main business areas are agriculture and forestry, real estate as well as culture and tourism. The businesses employ over 200 people, and great importance is attached to sustainability, CO₂ reduction and social responsibility.
The pen is particularly important in viticulture . The Winery Stift Klosterneuburg applies with 108 hectares of acreage not only as one of the largest but also the oldest winery in Austria. Its foundation goes back to Leopold III. back. In 1860, with the support of the monastery, a viticulture school was built, which was housed in what was then the Kuchlhof . From this, today's Higher Federal College and Federal Office for Viticulture and Fruit Growing emerged (see also Klosterneuburger Mostwaage ). Since 2009, the Stift Klosterneuburg winery has been the first winery in Central Europe to offer a CO₂-neutral wine.
The monastery also owns real estate in Klosterneuburg and the surrounding area , in the Korneuburg district and in the north-west of Vienna , which is leased . The raw material for an underground biomass heating plant , which was built in recent years and which heats the monastery buildings and some communal facilities (such as the town hall and hospital) in Klosterneuburg, comes from their own forests .
The monastery is open to visitors all year round and is one of the most important sights in Lower Austria . Numerous themed tours offer an insight into different areas of the monastery. The impressive architecture and the rich art collection, but also the process of wine production, are shown here. A wide range of events (concerts, opera festivals since 1994 , exhibitions) and restaurants complete the offer.
Architecture and furnishings
Collegiate church
The Collegiate Church of the Birth of Mary was founded in 1114 by Margrave Leopold III. donated and consecrated in 1136. The original church was a Romanesque three-aisled basilica with a transept and an incomplete westwork. In the 17th and early 18th centuries, the church was redesigned in baroque style in three stages. Highly respected artists such as Giovanni Battista Carlone , Pietro Maino Maderno , Peter Strudel , Antonio Bellucci , Matthias Steinl , Johann Michael Rottmayr and Santino Bussi were involved . The organ of the collegiate church from 1642, which was built by Johann Freundt from Passau and is one of the most important instruments in Austria, is also famous .
In the late 19th century, the architect Josef Schömer rebuilt the collegiate church according to plans and historicist ideals by Friedrich von Schmidt using neo-Romanesque and neo-Gothic architectural forms: the existing baroque-Gothic north tower from the 17th century was supplemented with neo-Gothic; the south tower removed and rebuilt in a neo-Gothic style. In the westwork and on the outside of the nave (south-west facade), neo-Romanesque additions with arched friezes and semicircular columns as pilaster strips refer to the original Romanesque building from 1114.
Cloister
The surviving medieval parts of Klosterneuburg Abbey are located northwest of the Abbey Church. The cloister, which was built between 1250 and 1350 and was provided with a six-part ribbed vault, is particularly impressive. After the catastrophic fire of 1330, it was originally furnished with valuable glass paintings, some fragments of which are still preserved in the monastery museum and in the Leopold Chapel. The cloister was restored between 1869 and 1881.
To the east of the cloister is the former chapter house (today's Leopold Chapel ), under which the crypt is located, in which the founder of the monastery, Margrave Leopold III. and his wife Agnes were buried. To the left of the lattice of the chapel, stairs lead down to the crypt, which is not open to the public. After the margrave was canonized in 1485, this area developed into an important place of pilgrimage. The room was furnished with stucco by Jakob Schlag and frescoes by Johann Christoph Prandtl from 1677 to 1680. The ceiling scenes show various miracles that are said to have occurred with the help of St. Leopold. The famous Verdun Altar from 1181 is also in this room , above which a reliquary for the remains of St. Leopold was placed in 1936. Every year on and around the anniversary of the saint's death (November 15), his skull relic is presented in the chapel.
On the north side of the cloister is the former well house , which was built on a nine-cornered floor plan and originally housed a water basin. The seven-armed chandelier , which was built around 1135 and thus represents the oldest preserved piece of equipment in the collegiate church, has stood here since the 20th century . Originally it stood in the presbytery of the Romanesque collegiate church and was only removed from there when the church was baroque. It was probably cast in bronze in Verona and bequeathed to the monastery by the margravial couple. In the sources the candlestick is called "Sambucus" (elder tree) because of its tree-like shape - it was assumed that the remains of the elder tree on which the legendary veil of Agnes was found were incorporated into the candlestick. In fact, however, the appearance of the chandelier has theological background. The shape of the Jewish menorah has been reinterpreted in the Christian sense as the " root of Jesse " (the family tree of Christ), with the seven arms symbolizing the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit .
Finally, in the southwest corner of the cloister, there is the Wehinger Chapel (also Freising Chapel), which was consecrated in 1394. It serves as a burial place for the brothers Berthold (Bishop of Freising, † 1410) and Reinhard von Wehingen († 1394). However, the chapel was significantly reduced in size in the 17th century and redesigned in the 19th century. Except for a few architectural elements, only the high-quality tombs of the medieval clients have survived.
Leopoldihof (Kuchlhof)
To the west of the cloister are further areas of the old monastery, which are grouped around the Leopoldihof. Since the monastery kitchen was once located here, this inner courtyard is also known as the “Kuchlhof”. It is entered through a Gothic gate hall from the 14th century with seating niches on both sides. Immediately behind on the western side is the former, two-story palace of Margrave Leopold III. , which was built at the beginning of the 12th century and served as a residence for the margravial couple. In later times this building was rebuilt several times. In the late 15th century, for example, the Gothic bay window, the vestibule and the cross-frame windows were added. In 1860 the newly founded fruit and wine school was set up here, from which the Klosterneuburg wine school developed. Today the monastery archive is housed here.
On the opposite side is the Old Prelature , which was also built in the 12th century and originally stood free. It was not until the beginning of the 17th century that it got its current appearance. At the same time, the new prince's wing , which took up the northern part of the courtyard and was intended to accommodate high-ranking personalities, was built. In the eastern corner is today's Augustinus Hall (the former refectory), which was built in 1508 and completely redesigned in 1725. Today this room is used for events and concerts. The fountain in the middle of the courtyard dates from 1592, with the figure of St. Leopold not being created until 1680.
Baroque imperial wing
The baroque monastery was to be used as a monastery residence for Emperor Charles VI from 1730 according to plans by Donato Felice d'Allio and Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach . to be expanded monumentally. However, when the emperor died unexpectedly in 1740, there was an abrupt construction stop. At that time, only one eighth of the planned system had been built. It was not until 1834–1842 that one of the courtyards that had been started (so-called Kaiserhof) could be completed according to plans by Joseph Kornhäusel , which meant that at least a quarter of the planned “Austrian Escorial” was completed.
The outer facades have a typically baroque character and are richly structured - especially the east facade. Its area, originally planned as the center of the building, swings convexly forwards and accommodates a blinded balcony, monumental columns and a huge dome with the imperial crown . The second dome, attached over the northeast corner pavilion, shows the Austrian Archduke's hat .
The unfinished Sala Terrena in the middle of the east wing now serves as a visitor reception and offers an interesting insight into a baroque construction site. This room was to be designed as a kind of grotto or garden room, for which the imperial court sculptor Lorenzo Mattielli created the monumental male portrayals ( atlases ) around 1735 .
On the first floor of the east wing are the imperial apartments , which are accessible via the huge imperial staircase. From here you get to the marble hall , which is divided in the lower area by colossal columns. The ceiling fresco The Glory of the House of Austria was painted by Daniel Gran in 1749 . It glorifies the majesty of Austria and the dynasties that once ruled Austria, i. H. Babenberger , Habsburg and the House of Habsburg-Lothringen . The full title reads: Honor, Glory and Majesty of the House of Austria, beginning in the Babenberg tribe, increased in the Habsburg house and strengthened in the Lotharingian . The fresco shows several groups:
- In the middle an obelisk depicting St. Margrave Leopold III.
- Allegory of the Austrian majesty . The three most important crowns of the Habsburgs are presented to a female figure as an allegory of Austrian majesty (to be equated with Maria Theresa ): the Roman-German imperial crown, the Hungarian crown of St. Stephen, and the Bohemian crown of Wenceslas.
- Allegory of Austrian bravery . She is represented by Leopold V , who triumphs over the Turks with the Austrian shield.
- Allegory of Austrian cleverness and steadfastness . Wisdom is symbolized by a woman with the snake, while steadfastness with a pillar crushes a many-headed hydra.
- The union of the houses of Habsburg and Lorraine is embodied by the ruling couple Maria Theresa and Franz Stephan von Lothringen .
The living quarters of Emperor Charles VI close to the north. which were completed while the emperor was still alive. In addition to d'Allio, the brothers Santino and Gaetano Bussi also contributed to the sumptuous furnishings . The iconography of the equipment is entirely based on Charles VI. and his motto "Constantia et Fortitudine" (with constancy and bravery) tailored. The fireplace reliefs and the ceiling stucco represent various allegories and virtues. In the table room, the stucco shows, for example, the "banquet of the Queen of Sheba with King Solomon" , which is supposed to allude to the emperor's cleverness in addition to its spatial function. In the same room, the tapestries from the Brussels workshop of Urbain Leyniers, which show scenes from the novel “Télémaque” by François Fénelon , stand out . However, Charles VI. only one night in these rooms from November 14th to 15th, 1739 - he had already died the next year.
Building of the Stiftsplatz
To the south of the monastery there is a spacious square with the so-called Tutz column in the middle . A Gothic light column that was donated as a plague column by Klosterneuburg citizen Michael Tutz in 1381 and once illuminated the cemetery surrounding it. It was probably made by Michael Knab , who also worked on St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna , and shows scenes from the Passion of Christ.
In the southwest corner of the square is the so-called Binderstadel . A late Gothic hall, which was built around 1500 and in which the famous giant barrel (56,000 liters) has been standing since 1704, over which one slides down every year on the Leopoldifest (November 15th) according to the tradition of the "barrel slide".
In a hiking guide from the Biedermeier period , the work " Vienna's Environs for Twenty Hours Around " by Adolf Schmidl from 1835, this binding with the giant barrel is also described:
- The bindery is a high vault which contains the giant barrel in one of its special side sections. it was completed in 1704 under the cellar master Johann Kees in the pen by the then monastery binders, holds 999 buckets, and a bucket barrel, which lies on the bung, makes a thousand full. [...] It is surrounded by scaffolding, on which one climbs up to the bung on the right side and then slides down on the other side, as the basement law wants.
The Sebastianikapelle , which was consecrated in 1421, is in the immediate vicinity . In 1787, however, it was desecrated and converted into a shed, although a new canons' crypt had been set up below it only a short time before. It was not until 1965 that it was expanded again into a chapel according to plans by Wilhelm Zotti . Its anteroom is formed by the chapter house of the St. Bernhard monastery near Horn (around 1270), which was removed there and rebuilt in Klosterneuburg.
In the southern area of the square there are remains of Leopold VI's palace complex . , which also included the Capella Speciosa (consecrated in 1222). Some of the walls and foundations of this complex can still be seen today.
In the eastern area of the Stiftsplatz there is finally the former choir church. It represents the only remainder of the women's monastery, which was founded in 1133 at the same time as the Augustinian canons were introduced. The church was rebuilt in the 14th century, but stood empty after the death of the last choirwoman in 1568. In 1722 it was desecrated and divided into two floors, which are used economically today.
Stiftsplatz with Tutz's column in the foreground.
Tutz column with Binderstadel in the background.
Sebastianikapelle.
Remains of the Capella Speciosa.
Art collection / museum
The Stiftsmuseum is one of the oldest museums in the world. It was founded in 1774 by Provost Ambros Lorenz (1772–1781) and is best known for its collection of medieval art. The most important works include the Verdun Altar , the so-called great Albrecht Altar (around 1438), works by Rueland Frueauf the Elder. J. (around 1500), as well as the Babenberger family tree (around 1490). In addition, the museum houses important examples of Gothic sculpture, such as the famous “Klosterneuburg Madonna” (around 1300).
In the treasury (which has been accessible since 2011), a particularly valuable selection of ivory work, goldsmith work and paraments from the Middle Ages to the 20th century is presented separately. Below is u. a. the Austrian Archduke's hat , the so-called veil monstrance (1714), as well as objects that are associated with St. Leopold. The historical treasury cabinets, which were manufactured in 1677 and integrated into the redesign, are also a special feature.
In later centuries the monastery mainly collected depictions of St. Leopold and views of the Klosterneuburg monastery. This also includes works by the young Egon Schiele . In recent years the focus of collecting has increasingly shifted to modern and contemporary church art.
The art collection experienced a considerable increase in 2011 through the estate of Alfred Sammer , which includes paintings, graphics and sculptures from the Middle Ages to the 20th century. Among them are u. a. Works by Josef Mikl and Markus Prachensky .
Klosterneuburg Abbey honors contemporary artists with the St. Leopold Peace Prize , which began in 2008 . The respective theme of the competition combines a religious background with humanitarian commitment.
Rueland Frueauf d. J. , Leopold III's ride for hunting.
Egon Schiele , View of Klosterneuburg Abbey, 1907.
Look into the treasury.
So-called. Travel chalice of St. Leopold.
The provosts of Klosterneuburg Abbey
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Trivia
- In the film Measuring the World , the imperial apartments and an inner courtyard of Klosterneuburg Abbey served as a film set.
- The last Austrian Empress Zita was laid out for a few days in Klosterneuburg Abbey between her death in Zizers (Switzerland) on March 14, 1989 and her burial in the Capuchin Crypt (Vienna) on April 1, with her coffin adorned with the Archduke's hat.
- The former novice master of the monastery and pastor of St. Leopold, Bernt Ivar Eidsvig , has been bishop of the Oslo diocese in Norway since 2005 .
- After five years of renovation and readjustment, the monastery and its art collections were reopened to visitors on May 4, 2006. Some of the previously blocked areas were made accessible for the first time.
literature
- Berthold Černik: The Augustinian Canons Monastery of Klosterneuburg. Historical dates. Vienna 1958.
- Josef Dirnbeck, Andreas Redtenbacher: Where paths cross. Augustinian monastery of Klosterneuburg . Vienna 1985.
- Karl Drexler: Klosterneuburg Abbey. An art historical sketch. Vienna 1894.
- Wolfgang Christian Huber (ed.): The treasury in Klosterneuburg Abbey. Dößel 2011, ISBN 978-3-89923-271-4 .
- Johannes-Wolfgang Neugebauer: On the history of the renewal of the collegiate church in Klosterneuburg since 1882 under Friedrich von Schmidt, Coloman Krieger and Martin and Josef Schömer. In: Yearbook of Klosterneuburg Abbey. Volume 16, Vienna-Klosterneuburg 1997, pp. 117-171.
- Andreas Redtenbacher: Future from inheritance. Charisma and spirituality of the pens of the Austrian Augustinian Congregation for Canons in the light of the Second Vatican Council. Vienna 1984.
- Andreas Redtenbacher: Future from inheritance. Charisma and spirituality of the Augustinian Canons. (Second, greatly expanded edition) . Innsbruck-Vienna 2007.
- Andreas Redtenbacher: Where paths cross. 900 years of Augustinian canons of Klosterneuburg. Freiburg im Br. 2013 [with DVD].
- Floridus Röhrig : The art collections of Klosterneuburg Abbey. In: Austria's museums introduce themselves. Number 16, 1982, p. 8 (entire article p. 7–15, PDF on ZOBODAT ).
- Floridus Röhrig: Klosterneuburg Abbey and its art treasures. St. Pölten-Vienna 1984.
- Floridus Röhrig (Red.): Saint Leopold. Prince and state symbol. Exhibition catalog for the Lower Austrian state exhibition in Klosterneuburg Abbey, Vienna 1985.
- Christian Theuerkauff: Ivory in Klosterneuburg. Catfish 1962.
- Huberta Weigl: The genesis of the monastery residence of Emperor Charles VI. On the planning and construction history of Klosterneuburg Monastery in the years 1730–1740. In: Yearbook of Klosterneuburg Abbey. NF 17, Klosterneuburg 1999, pp. 279-363.
- Huberta Weigl: The imperial rooms in Klosterneuburg Abbey. Program and furnishings in Charles VI's apartments. and Elisabeth Christine. In: Wiener Jahrbuch für Kunstgeschichte. Volume 51, Vienna / Cologne / Weimar 1998 (2000), pp. 115–144.
- Carl Aigner, Karl Holubar, Wolfgang Christian Huber: Saint Leopold. Man, politician, patron of the country. Exhibition catalog of the Lower Austrian State Museum, St. Pölten 2013.
- Alexander Rausch, Elisabeth Th. Hilscher-Fritz: Klosterneuburg. In: Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon . Online edition, Vienna 2002 ff., ISBN 3-7001-3077-5 ; Print edition: Volume 2, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2003, ISBN 3-7001-3044-9 .
- Robert Rill : History of the Augustinian Canons' Monastery in Klosterneuburg 1938 to 1945 (= publications of the International Research Center for Basic Questions in the Sciences, Salzburg . NF, Vol. 22). Geyer, Vienna a. a. 1985.
Web links
- Klosterneuburg Abbey: official website
- www.sagen.at A veil for Klosterneuburg
- Fund: Documents Klosterneuburg (1002-1767) in the European document archive Monasterium.net .
- Entry on Klosterneuburg Abbey in the Austria Forum
Individual evidence
- ^ Pia Kovarik: The former Augustinian women's choir monastery, St. Magdalena in Klosterneuburg. Diploma thesis. University of Vienna, Institute for Art History 2011.
- ↑ Floridus Röhrig: The monastery Klosterneuburg and Austria. In: Yearbook for regional studies of Lower Austria. Volume 62, 1996, pp. 217–218 (entire article pp. 217–234, PDF on ZOBODAT ).
- ↑ Wolf Hanns: The beginnings of Klosterneuburg Abbey. In: Yearbook for regional studies of Lower Austria. Volume 29, 1948, p. 87 (entire article p. 82–117, PDF on ZOBODAT ).
- ↑ Listing of Parish Mass Times → Glen Cove . Diocese of Rockville Center, drvc.org
- ↑ stift-klosterneuburg.at
- ↑ stift-klosterneuburg.at ( Memento of the original from March 26, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Adolf Schmidl: Vienna's surroundings for twenty hours in a circle. Described by Adolf Schmidl after his own hikes. Printed and published by Carl Gerold, Vienna 1835, p. 248.
Cadastral communities and localities: Höflein an der Donau | Kierling | Klosterneuburg | Kritzendorf | Maria Gugging (KG Gugging ) | Weidling | Weidlingbach
Districts: Doppeln • Höflein an der Donau • Kierling • Klosterneuburg • Kritzendorf • Maria Gugging • Stellenwiese • Summersiedlung • Weidling | Village: Weidlingbach | Hamlet: Windischhütte | Settlement: Scheiblingstein | Other locations: floodplain • Gugging sanatorium • Kritzendorf-Strombad settlement • Lourdes grotto in the Vienna Woods • St. Paula Chapel • Klosterneuburg Abbey • Lido • Weißer Hof
Counting districts and districts: City center: Upper town • Lower town | Inner residential areas: Klosterneubg- Inner -North • Klosterneubg- Inner -West • Buchberg • Klosterneubg-Inner-South • Klosterneubg-Outer-South • Klosterneubg-Outer-North • Klosternbg-Outer-West I • Klosternbg-Outer-West II | Mixed structure.Geb: Bahnhofsviertel - Weidling | Outer residential building and area: Weidling-Süd • Weidling-Nord • Weidlingbach • Kierling-West • Maria Gugging • Unterkritzendorf • Oberkritzendorf • Höflein on the Danube • Kierling-Ost
Former parishes: Gugging 1850–1954 | Höflein ad Donau 1850–1954 | Kierling 1850–1954 | Kritzendorf 1850–1954 | Weidling 1850–1954 | Weidlingbach 1850-1954
Coordinates: 48 ° 18 ′ 25.8 ″ N , 16 ° 19 ′ 33.1 ″ E