Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach (1693–1742)

Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach , also called Fischer von Erlach the Younger (baptized September 13, 1693 in Vienna ; †  June 29,  1742 ibid) was an Austrian architect of the Baroque , Rococo and Baroque Classicism periods .

Life

As the second son of his father, Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach , who always overshadowed him , he can initially develop his talent in his father's workshop. Around 1711 he drew his father's projects (e.g. Palais Dietrichstein , Palais Trautson , Bohemian Court Chancellery , Stadtpalais Schwarzenberg ) and also helped with the completion of the publication “Design of a historical architecture”, in the 4th volume of which many drawings come from him . In this way, he came into contact with his father's noble clients and with modern and historical architecture at an early age. His father also had Joseph Emanuel compile the publication “Prospectuses and demolitions of some buildings in Vienna, drawn there by JEFvE”, with a foreword by the court antiquarian Carl Gustav Heraeus . This publication is later continued by Salomon Kleiner .

He received lessons from Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz , who stayed in Vienna until 1714 and associated with Joseph Emanuel's father. Both obtain from Emperor Charles VI. a travel grant for Joseph Emanuel. This led him to Italy in 1713/14, where he accompanied the well-known archaeologist Francesco de Ficoroni , among others . 1717–1719 he stayed in France with the French court architect Robert de Cotte , the architect Germain Boffrand and the philologist Bernard de Montfaucon . He was also in Leyden and London , where he studied the newly invented fire machines and possibly also met Isaac Newton . The designer Isaac Potter followed him back to Austria.

As an excellently trained architect and construction technician, he returned to Vienna in 1722 and applied for the position of court architect, which he received in December 1722. After the death of his father in 1723, Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt was appointed first court architect; In 1725 Joseph Emanuel succeeds in taking on this position, probably with the help of his powerful patron, the court building director Count Gundaker von Althan , who wants Joseph Emanuel to complete his father's open projects. In 1729 he was appointed imperial court chamber councilor. In the course of his work he dedicates himself more and more to his technical talent and thus to the construction of steam engines, which mainly do excellent services in connection with mines. In 1735 he was therefore rewarded with the title of baron .

In 1727 he married Maria Anna von Dietrich, with whom he had seven children. He lived in the Gerstenbrandisches Haus at Kärntner Tor, owned an important art collection and an extensive library. His wife died in 1740 and he himself died of a severe fever in 1742 . He left an enormous fortune of 130,000 guilders .

job

The winter riding school behind the old Burgtheater (Michaelerplatz)

He carried on some of his father's projects, namely the Karlskirche , the court library and the winter riding school wing of the Hofburg .

The planning of the wing of the Hofburg to Michaelerplatz , which was only built by Ferdinand Kirschner in the years 1889-1893 (with slight changes), because the Hofburgtheater stood in the way, goes back to him . The Royal Library , popularly known as a commode in Berlin, which was built by Georg Christian Unger from 1775 to 1780, is based on the same plans .

In 1728 he replaced Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt in the construction of the Imperial Chancellery wing of the Hofburg.

Otherwise, few of his own works have been secured - but this also has to do with unclear attributions. These include the Althan Palace in Vienna- Landstrasse , which was demolished in 1847 , the Corps de Logis of Eckartsau Castle and Thürnthal Castle near Fels am Wagram .

meaning

In contrast to his father, who always thought tectonically, the younger fisherman certainly thinks in terms of facades. Unlike Hildebrandt and his numerous successors, these facades are clearly and rationally structured without exuberant ornamentation . He is considered to be the Austrian architect who has come closest to the contemporary Western European classicism and is therefore also the only successor to his father.

Works

Catholic parish church hl. Georg in Großweikersdorf (main square)
The marriage fountain on the Hohen Markt in Vienna
  • Publications
    • Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach / Johann Adam Delsenbach: Prospects and demolitions of some buildings in Vienna Frontispiece beginning / Some ideas of the most prestigious buildings / as well within the city as in the suburbs of Vienna / which will be followed over time / Commençement de Vues et de Façade principales dans la Ville & aux Fauxbourgs de Vienne dont le public aura à attendre la suite avec le terme , Vienna 1715 (Augsburg 2nd edition 1719)
    • Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach: Perspective Views of Palaces and Public Edifices in Germany, chiefly such as are situated in the City of Vienna , London 1740

The Riegersburg Castle, which was attributed to him for a long time, comes from Franz Anton Pilgram .

The imperial quarry

Above all, load-bearing architectural parts were made from the hardest imperial stone, so this important architect has also documented major stonemason assignments to the Kaisersteinbruch masters.

literature

  • Bernhard Grueber:  Fischer von Erlach, Johann Bernhard . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 7, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1877, p. 82 f. (Secondary entry)
  • Werner Hagen:  Fischer, Joseph Emanuel Frhr. v .. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 5, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1961, ISBN 3-428-00186-9 , p. 212 ( digitized version ).
  • Albrecht Wiedemann: Der Baumeister Joseph Emanuel von Fischer , in: Mittheilungen der kk Zentral -ommission for the research and preservation of art and historical monuments 4, Vienna 1878, p. 125
  • Justus Schmidt: Fischer von Erlach the Younger , from: Communications of the Association for the History of the City of Vienna, Vienna 1933
  • Justus Schmidt: The architecture books of the two fishermen von Erlach . In: Wiener Jahrbuch für Kunstgeschichte 9, Vienna 1934, pp. 147–156
  • Erich von Kurzel-Runtscheiner: Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach. On the occasion of the 200th anniversary of his death , in: Deutsche Technik 10, Berlin 1942, pp. 247–249
  • Erich von Kurzel-Runtscheiner: The fishermen of Erlach's fire machines. An episode from the history of engineering , Vienna (dissertation) 1951, presented on the basis of information about lost books and previously unknown archive material
  • Joseph Nagler: The first 'Curieuse fire machine' in Austria. A major achievement by Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach , in: Alte und moderne Kunst 2, Vienna 1957, pp. 26–27
  • Thomas Zacharias : Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach , Herold, Vienna 1960
  • Hans Sedlmayr: Johann Bernhard and Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach , in: Thomas Zacharias, Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach, Vienna / Munich 1960, pp. 7–11
  • Pál Voit: The art of Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlachs and his unknown works in Hungary , in: Évolution générale et développements regionaux en histoire de l'art. Actes du XXIIe congrès international d'histoire de l'art. Budapest 1969, ed. v. György Rósza, Budapest 1972, Vol. 2, pp. 131-134
  • Josef Handl: Josef Emanuel Fischer von Erlach , in: Wien aktuell 1, Vienna 1981–1982, pp. 8–11
  • Wilhelm Georg Rizzi: On the status of research on Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach , in: Friedrich Polleroß (Ed.), Fischer von Erlach and the Viennese Baroque tradition, Vienna / Cologne / Weimar 1995, pp. 249-278
  • Wilhelm Georg Rizzi: Fischer von Erlach, Joseph Emanuel , in: The Dictionary of Art, ed. v. Jane Shoaf Turner, London 1996, vol. 11, pp. 134-136
  • Maja Galle: designs for tombs by Johann Bernhard and Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach , Munich (Master's thesis) 1998
  • Andreas Kreul: Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach , in: Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon, Leipzig / Munich 2004, Vol. 40, pp. 426–427
  • Hellmut Lorenz, Huberta Weigl (ed.): The baroque Vienna. The copper engravings by Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach and Johann Adam Delsenbach (1719) , Petersberg 2007

Web links

Commons : Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Elias Hügel were named by name (selection). Completion of the Karlskirche, wedding fountain on the Hohen Markt, balconies of the Reichskanzleitrakt. The Michaelertrakt of the Hofburg was built in 1889 according to Fischer's plans . The hardest Kaiserstein is documented for very large balcony slabs, by Ferdinand Krukenfellner with the Zeindlerstein and Amelin in: Helmuth Furch , Historisches Lexikon Kaisersteinbruch. Volume 2 I – Z, Index Hügel Elias, Amelin Ferdinand, Krukenfellner Ferdinand. Museum and cultural association Kaisersteinbruch , Bruckneudorf-Kaisersteinbruch 2004.
  2. ^ Historical lexicon Kaisersteinbruch. Volume 2 I-Z. PDF.
personal data
SURNAME Fischer von Erlach, Joseph Emanuel
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Fischer von Erlach the Younger
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian architect
DATE OF BIRTH baptized September 13, 1693
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH June 29, 1742
Place of death Vienna