Bohemian Court Chancellery
As Bohemian Chancellery for a historical authority is designated, the management of the Czech lands was responsible, on the other hand her official residence on Judenplatz in the Inner City in Vienna , today the Austrian Administrative Court houses. From 1946–2012 the Constitutional Court had its seat here, previously the Federal Court of Justice, which was housed here in 1936 .
The authority
Since the Bohemian estates wanted a facility separate from the Austrian chancellery, the Bohemian court chancellery was established in 1527 by Ferdinand I , who had been crowned King of Bohemia in the same year. The seat of this court chancellery was initially the old royal palace at Prague Castle . These rooms became famous in particular through the Second Prague Lintel , which took place here in 1618.
After the suppression of the Bohemian uprising in the Battle of White Mountain in 1620, the court chancellery was relocated to Vienna and subordinated to the Bohemian king alone. Her area of responsibility was expanded considerably, in the court chancellery regulation of 1719 she was referred to as “our royal and sovereign highest court” as well as “our last and highest royal office”. The court chancellery united all administrative and judicial tasks in one hand.
As an expression of the Bohemian particularism within the Habsburg monarchy, the Bohemian Court Chancellery or its last Colonel Chancellor Friedrich Graf Harrach was a bitter enemy of the centralization efforts emanating from Maria Theresa's advisor Friedrich Wilhelm Graf Haugwitz . Ultimately, however, Haugwitz was able to prevail, and in 1749 the Bohemian Court Chancellery was dissolved; its tasks and those of the Austrian Court Chancellery, which was dissolved at the same time, were transferred to two new authorities: the Directorium in publicis et cameralibus and the Supreme Judicial Office . In 1761 both authorities were merged to form the " Bohemian and Austrian Court Chancellery" . It now acted somewhat like the interior ministry of the two countries.
Under Joseph II , the court chancellery was merged into the unified court in 1782 . However, this authority was dissolved again in 1791. From 1797 the Austrian and Bohemian court chancelleries were separated again. Reorganized in 1802, there was again a United Court Chancellery until 1848. Its powers then passed to the Imperial and Royal Ministry of the Interior .
The palace
|
|
|
|
Lion stairs
|
Putti steps
|
The palace of the Bohemian Court Chancellery was built on Wipplingerstrasse in 1709–1714 based on plans by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach . It was the first construction contract for Fischer in Vienna after a break of almost ten years. His last palace was the Palais Batthyány in Renngasse, which was designed in the late Baroque style. With the Bohemian Court Chancellery, Fischer made a U-turn back to the high baroque or the ancient formal language, whereby his long stay in Italy also provided important impulses, possibly also a trip to England in 1704 that was not certain. The vertical division of the palace into three parts, each with three axes, reveals a Palladian scheme . But the cool Palladian structure was more than offset by rich plastic jewelry. In particular, the middle section, which was designed as a risalit with a gable, showed the original purpose of the palace several times: through a lion (as the Bohemian heraldic animal) enthroned on the gable, through a lion's head guarding the entrance gate, and through the coats of arms of the Bohemian lands above the piano nobile . The master craftsmen Giovanni Battista Passerini and Johann Georg Haresleben from Kaisersteinbruch received stonemason orders ; hard Kaiserstein was used in particular for the lion stairs. After the state reform of 1749 (see above), the new authorities, also responsible for the Austrian states, moved into quarters in the Fischer'schen Palais, which quickly turned out to be much too small. The remaining parcels of the house block parallel to Judenplatz were bought up, and Matthias Gerl was commissioned to expand the palace. In the years 1751–1754, Gerl doubled the palace symmetrically towards the west, so that the palace now has twenty axes with two gable-crowned risalits in its original main front facing Wipplingerstraße. Gerl also paid special attention to the rear front, which now protruded into Judenplatz and thus offered a far better view than the main front. It was decorated with 22 axes and a total of three risalits, of which only the two outer gables were crowned. Master stonemason Johann Michael Strickner from Kaisersteinbruch delivered the staircase for the Putten staircase. Further modifications were made in the 19th century, including a. The interior was redesigned by Emil von Förster in 1895/1896 and was essentially given its current appearance. In 1945 the palace was badly damaged by an aerial bomb. The reconstruction work under Erich Boltenstern was used for further adaptations, e.g. a. the pedestrian passage in Wipplingerstraße was established at that time. The entrance gates to Wipplingerstraße thus became non-functional; today you enter the palace via the gates to Judenplatz and Jordangasse.
See also
literature
- Thomas Olechowski : The Austrian administrative court: history of administrative jurisdiction in Austria - the palace of the former Bohemian-Austrian court chancellery . Verlag Österreich, Vienna 2001. (pp. 79–113) ISBN 3-7046-1689-3
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Description of the building for the headquarters occupied in 2012 on the website of the Constitutional Court.
Coordinates: 48 ° 12 ′ 42 ″ N , 16 ° 22 ′ 13 ″ E