Parish church Großweikersdorf

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Parish Church of St. Georg in Großweikersdorf

The parish church of St. George is a Roman Catholic church in the market town of Großweikersdorf in Lower Austria , which is northeast of the main square and is oriented from the northeast (apse) to the southwest.

It is the deanery church of the deanery Großweikersdorf in the vicariate Unter dem Manhartsberg of the Archdiocese of Vienna and is under monument protection according to the ordinance of the Federal Monuments Office (§2a DMSG) .

Building history

Church floor plan

The mother parish of Großweikersdorf was originally Kirchberg am Wagram . Großweikersdorf was separated from this in the Babenberger period .

In a register of Pope Honorius III. from the year 1221 it is recorded that a planned but not verifiable canon monastery was to be built next to a Georgskirche in "Wirgensdorf". The foundation request was made by Duke Leopold VI. from Austria and the Passau archdeacon Siegfried, who owned properties in Weikersdorf. The latter belonged to the Orphani family - a Lower Austrian-Moravian noble family, whose members were considered to be the lords of Weikersdorf an der Schmida.

In 1241 Großweikersdorf was first mentioned as an independent parish.

Previous construction

According to the register Honorius III. there was a Georgskirche in the 13th century; In the parish chronicle of Großweikersdorf there are no references to a new building in the following centuries, but only a few entries to smaller conversions or renovations between the 13th and 18th centuries. The old parish church, which was in use until its demolition (from 1755), has probably hardly been changed in the core of its structural design.

In the course of a parish visitation, the dean Franz Josef Garzerall described the old church as a large building in 1696, the bell tower of which was about 8 fathoms (about 15.12 m) high - roughly the height of the interior of the church today. The date of the consecration is not known.

A conflagration , which among other things fell victim to the tower and the roof of the church, destroyed a large part of the village in 1727. The nave suffered cracks in the vault from falling tower stones; the interior of the church was spared. The patron saint , Adrian Wenzel Graf Enckevoirt (1660–1738) spoke out against repairing the badly damaged church and decided to build a new building in the center of the village.

New building

In 1733 the cathedral builder Johann Baptist Martinelli and the architect Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach examined the church building. Fischer von Erlach provided the design, and the construction was carried out by the cathedral master builder. When the patron saint died in 1738, the expansion of the new church was slow due to the lack of money. In order to be able to guarantee pastoral care, the focus in the following years was primarily on furnishing the building; the tower was initially unfinished and was covered by a wooden emergency roof.

Only in the course of the construction phase from 1834 to 1838 was the tower extension continued and the project completed according to plans by Leopold Ernst , master builder of St. Stephan in Vienna . Extensive renovations and restorations of the church took place in the years 1886, 1937 and 1978 to 1982. The objects inside the church were also preserved in the last decades of the 20th century. Restorations of parish property within the catchment area of ​​the Archdiocese of Vienna are supervised by its building department and the Department for Art and Monument Preservation.

Building description

Outside

The former cemetery gate

Originally the church was surrounded by a cemetery. In the course of Josephinism , however, this had to be moved to the fire place in 1783. Large parts of the wall of the former cemetery and the artistically executed late baroque gate made of wrought iron with two coats of arms from 1740 by Johann Adam Kühn have been preserved. They are the coats of arms of Counts Enckevoirt and Starhemberg . A similar lattice from the same year, also by Johann Adam Kühn, is at the entrance to the Kreuzkapelle in the parish church of Hadersdorf .

Next to the gate there is a grave slab on the inside of the wall (dated 1712, Hieronimus de Rusco) from the time of the previous building. More grave slabs and tombstones from the old cemetery are attached to other places on the wall.

The high, early classicist church building rises above a square floor plan. The chancel is closed apsidal and is extended by a cuboid annex at the apex of the arch , which serves as a high altar housing . Both the choir and the west tower are supplemented by two-storey annexes on the sides, which are extended in the east on the outer flanks by a round stair tower with a bell helmet.

The choir extension

The nave has a tent roof and a saddle roof rises above the choir, which ends in a pointed tent roof above the apse. The eastern extension and the two-story extensions in the east and west have pent roofs.

The nave facades and the gusset buildings in the east are structured by rectangular windows , plastered fields, pilaster strips and grooves . On the sides of the nave there is a large lunette window between two rectangular windows . The west facade is triaxial with a flat central projection. Here, too, the wall surface is structured by rectangular windows, plastered fields and grooves. The west portal is a simple rectangular portal with a strong, triangular flat gable over volutes. On both sides there is a standing figure (Werner Marinko, 1957) - Saint Elisabeth and Saint Notburga. There is a transversely oval ocular above the portal and a segmented arched window in the tower attachment above .

In the facade, to the left and right of the statues, there is a window with an interior relief. In the right axis of the tower facade is the relief epitaph of the patron saint, Count Hans von Turzo, from 1587. In the window on the left axis, a plaque shows the symbolic church foundation by Count Enkevoirt. The sculptor's signature of the donor plate from 1937 reads “R. Fenner ".

The tower

Tower and tent roof

The church tower is 61 m high and is the third highest in Lower Austria after the towers of Zwettl Abbey and the Stockerau parish church . The tower tower above the portal serves as a base for the two-storey tower structure, which is structured by blind niches and arcades , pilasters and corner entries. On the gable legs there are figures of St. Leopold and St. George . The first floor of the tower structure has round-arched blind niches with rectangular windows inside and tower clocks above . It is separated from the acoustic storey above - with arched windows and flat gables - by a surrounding cornice with a tooth cut . The tower roof is a multi-part octagonal onion helmet with a lantern and a crowning cross.

Inside

Interior of the parish church

The square church interior is characterized by four recessed corner compartments, which give the nave the shape of an equilateral cross in plan. The longitudinal arm as well as the choir yoke have stitch cap vaults , the transverse oblong crossing is vaulted by a Bohemian cap and belt barrels lie over the lateral cross arms . The southeast chapel and the sacristy have flat ceilings over valleys; the “Heilig-Grab-Kapelle” has a flat barrel vault with ceiling paintings: “Mariae Annunciation” by Hans Fischer and “Heilige Dreifaltigkeit” by Alfred Lauer from around 1930. The corner pillars are open in segmental arches on the ground floor towards the room and point upstairs oratorios opening up towards the church . The nave is illuminated through the bezel windows in the sides of the nave and through oculi located above the oratorios. The oratorios are exposed through the rectangular windows on the sides of the nave.

In the western yoke is the organ gallery, which is connected to the oratorios on the western side of the nave. Access to the gallery and the oratorios connected to it is via a staircase in a room north of the tower facade. The church interior is structured by a surrounding entablature with a triglyph frieze, which is located under a protruding cornice and rests on Tuscan pilasters .

Furnishing

The choir stalls were created by Anton Gerber in 1739, the pews are from 1741 according to the document and the late baroque pulpit with canopy is from 1758 and was made by the Viennese sculptor Jakob Rechländer. The neo-baroque Stations of the Cross by Leopold Mitterhofer from the school of Kremser Schmidt were consecrated in 1833.

The partially gilded, shell-shaped marble baptismal font is held by two putti and a pillar of cloud. It is the work of the  Eggenburg sculptor Johann Georg Schmutzer from the year 1725. The dome-shaped lid from 1957 is made of marbled and partly gilded wood and ends in a fully gilded, wooden top with a representation of the baptism of Christ, which replaces a lost statue of Johannes' of the Baptist was placed there.

The furnishings also include a crucifix from the first half of the 18th century and a carved relief from the second half of the 18th century showing the death of St. Francis Xavier .

In the burial chapel, which is in the southwest of the church, there is a backdrop painting completed in 1742 in the style of the " Holy Theater ". Depicted is the Descent from the Cross with the holy women and John in a rock grotto that is partly overgrown by plants. In front of it is a painted sarcophagus with an inscribed cartridge ("venit et tulit Corpus Jesu"). Since the work was "created by a Mr. Engineer" and this title was reserved for the court and theater painter, it is ascribed to a member of the Galli da Bibiena family , who worked in Vienna and Melk .

The "Holy Theater" was restored in 1964 by the Federal Monuments Office . In Austria only seven or eight of its kind have survived, one by Johann Baptist Wenzel Bergl , a student of Paul Troger , is in the former Garsten collegiate church . 

The Corpus Christi of the Großweikersdorfer burial chapel dates from the second quarter of the 18th century.

Below the eastern nave is the lower church, which was designed and furnished, including the seating and lighting, by Robert Kramreiter in 1939/1940. The altar is made of Adnet marble ; on the forged cross above there are early Christian catacomb symbols.

High altar

The late baroque marble high altar structure was installed in the church in 1740. The aedicule with protruding Corinthian double columns stands on high pedestals above a concave floor plan. The segmental top of the aedicula ends in vase-studded volutes and bears a relief of the Eye of God , which is surrounded by a halo and clouds. In front of the niche is a sarcophagus , designed by Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach . The tempo form of the gilded, late baroque tabernacle structure is derived from the altar of grace in the basilica of Mariazell .

The altar sheet in the east annex (6.3 × 3.3 m) with the signature " Martinus Altomonte pinx Ano 1734" in the lower left edge of the picture depicts the martyrdom and the transfiguration of St. George . Also on the lower edge of the picture is in the middle a painted double coat of arms of the Counts of Enckevoirt and von Weissenwolff. The altar leaf is illuminated from a window in the extension to the north. The composition of the picture is related to the real incidence of light - a parallel can be found in the Jesuit Church (Vienna) .

The painting underwent a problematic restoration in 1937 and was subsequently in very poor condition due to a leaky apse window that let rain and moisture through. Only a further restoration by Josef Haspel and Margaritha Wolff Metternich in 2016 on behalf of the Department for Art and Monument Preservation of the Archdiocese of Vienna restored the image to its original luminosity.

The baroque chandelier angels and candelabras were made by Werner Marinko in 1951.

Side altars

There is a side altar on both sides of the transverse arm. They are designed as a column retable in the full height and width of the transverse arm with cranked curved entablature. The altar sheet of the left altar shows Saint Ivo presenting a petition with prayers to the Mother of God , which was donated by Hans Leopold Graf Kuefstein and created in 1740 by Carl Aigen from the Paul Troger school ; In the cafeteria there is a replica of the miraculous image of the Brno Madonna (Black Madonna) from 1730.

According to a document, the right altar ("cross altar") was created in 1748 by the sculptor Johann Tribmer - the altarpiece by Martin Johann Schmidt is from 1749. The scene shows St. John Nepomuk's bridge falling into the Vltava River at night . In the water there is a wreath of five stars, which, within the framework of Christian numerical symbols, is to be associated with the five-letter statement tacui (I was silent). The statement relates to the martyrdom of St. Johannes Nepomuk, who - according to legend - suffered a martyr's death due to his insistence on confidentiality and the secrecy of confession. On the top there are figures of St. Anne and St. Joachim , as well as a relief of St. Trinity .

Two further side altars form the boundary of the central area of ​​the church with the pews towards the choir:

The right "Sacred Heart Altar" was built around 1740 and has been decorated with a Sacred Heart figure since 1896 . It is a kind of canopy-covered column retable in tempietto form, which is bordered on the sides by angelic volutes. The tabernacle is also flanked by volutes.

The left “List Altar” was designed as a neo-baroque counterpart to the “Sacred Heart Altar”. It has a statue of Our Lady of Sorrows and was donated by Karl List in 1919 to commemorate the victims of the First World War ( war memorial ).

organ

The organ is located on the gallery in the western part of the nave. It was built in 1855 by Benedikt Latzl from Znojmo (Czech Republic) and originally had 18 registers . All that remains of this organ are the prospectus and a few wooden labial pipes. In 1932 it was decided to build a new organ. In 1933, Johann M. Kauffmann built the new movement with 27 registers into the historic case. The work was restored by Franz Windtner in 2013 and consecrated by Auxiliary Bishop Franz Scharl on May 9, 2013 .

The prospectus consists of the main work and the Rückpositiv built into the parapet . The frame in an off-white tone with gold-plated elements (ornaments, veil boards and angel decoration) can be found both on the case and on the gallery parapet. The main work, including the case, measures approx. 600 × 500 × 190 cm, the back positive measures 185 × 180 × 85 cm.

The 27 registers with a tuning of 441 Hz are distributed over 3 manuals and pedal ; the stops are on cone chests , the action mechanism (I. and II. manual) is pneumatic, the III. Manual controls the remote control and has an electro-pneumatic action.

The disposition is as follows:

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
Drone 16 ′
Principal 8th'
Quintatön 8th'
Pointed flute 8th'
octave 4 ′
Reed flute 4 ′
octave 2 ′
Mixture IV 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Trumpet 8th'
II Rückpositiv C – g 3
Violin principal 8th'
Lovely covered 8th'
Salizional 8th'
Aeolines 8th'
Prefix 4 ′
Gemshorn 4 ′
recorder 2 ′
Sesquialtera II 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Scharff III 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
III Fernwerk C – g 3
Dolce flute 8th'
Principal 4 ′
Mixture V 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Pedals C – f 1
Sub bass 16 ′
Violon bass 16 ′
Principal bass 8th'
Octave bass 4 ′
Intoxicating fifth II 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
trombone 16 ′
  • Link : II / I, I / P, II / P, III / P, Super I / I, Super II / I, Sub II / I, Super II / II, Super III / III
  • Playing aids : Rohrwerk ein, AL; Super I / I (the only belt that can be operated as a button on the bottom); Free combination, trigger, PP, P, MP, MF, F, FF, Pleno; Crescendo on, shutter release, fixed hand register, shutter release, pedal switch, shutter release; Crescendo roller; Swelling step III. Manual (Fernwerk)

Bells

The ringing of the church consists of six bells, including the Donatus or Elfer bell - a bronze FIS 'bell - which was cast in the Scheichel bell foundry in 1728 and restored in 2006-2007. According to a bell casting contract dated August 8, 1727, however, a bell founder from Krems, Ferdinand Drackh, was initially responsible for the casting. The Donatus bell is the second oldest bell of the Archdiocese of Vienna that is used in a chime, is decorated with rich tendrils and rocailles and bears the inscription: "Franz Ulrich Scheichel poured me in Vienna in 1728. A fulgure et tempestate libera nos Deo Jesu Christe", dt. : Deliver us from lightning and storms, Lord Jesus Christ.

The other bells date from 1947 and were cast by the Josef Pfundner company (company sign: "Dipl.-Ing. Josef Pfundner Vienna 1947."). They are decorated with various inscriptions and bas-reliefs. The first is an h bell and is consecrated to the Trinity ("I am consecrated to the Supreme Creator, the Most Holy Trinity"); the second (pitch dis') shows St. George ("I remind you of severe war distress, from which the strong God redeems us, so I praise the Lord of the Worlds, I bear the name of George the Hero"); the third is the so-called prayer bell (pitch G sharp '). It carries a picture of Mary ("My tone calls to Ave Maria, one day I will call you all for heavenly wages"). The fourth bell (pitch h '), the bell of transformation, bears a picture of the Evangelist John ("I proclaim the holy transformation to you, like John once did the kingdom of God"). The fifth bell is the so-called train bell. It shows the image of St. Joseph.

literature

  • Dehio manual. The art monuments of Austria. Lower Austria north of the Danube, edited by Evelyn Benesch, Bernd Euler-Rolle u. a. Verlag Anton Schroll & Co, Vienna 1990, ISBN 3-7031-0652-2 , p. 362f.
  • Johann Baumgartner, Heimatbuch Großweikersdorf, Pfarramt Großweikersdorf, Großweikersdorf 1968.
  • Christian Fridrich, Josef Skopik, Our parish church St. Georg, Kultur-Genuss Großweikersdorf, Großweikersdorf 2007, ISBN 978-3-9502397-1-3 .
  • Anna M. Drabek, The Orphans. A Lower Austrian-Moravian noble family under the Babenbergers and Premyslids , in: Mittleilungen des Institut für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung, Vol. 74, pp. 292-332, Innsbruck 1966, ISSN 0073-8484.
  • Alexander Weiger, Großweikersdorf , Christian Art Centers Austria, No. 191, Verlag St. Peter, Salzburg 1990.

Web links

Commons : Parish Church St. Georg, Großweikersdorf  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Lower Austria - immovable and archaeological monuments under monument protection. ( Memento of March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) . Federal Monuments Office , as of June 28, 2013 (PDF).
  2. ↑ Christian Fridrich, Josef Skopik: Our parish church of St. George . Großweikersdorf 2007, ISBN 978-3-9502397-1-3 , p. 4 .
  3. ↑ a b Anna M. Drabek: The orphans. A Lower Austrian-Moravian noble family under the Babenbergs and Premyslids . In: Communications from the Institute for Austrian Historical Research . tape 74 . Wagner / Böhlau, Innsbruck 1966, p. 311 .
  4. ↑ a b c Edited by: Evelyn Benesch, Bernd Euler-Rolle and others: Dehio-Handbuch. The art monuments of Austria. Lower Austria north of the Danube . Vienna 1990, ISBN 3-7031-0652-2 , p. 362 .
  5. ^ A b Johann Baumgartner: Heimatbuch Großweikersdorf . Ed .: Pfarramt Großweikersdorf. Großweikersdorf 1968, p. 31 .
  6. ^ Johann Baumgartner: Heimatbuch Großweikersdorf . Ed .: Pfarramt Großweikersdorf. 1968, p. 19 .
  7. ↑ Alexander Weiger: Großweikersdorf . In: Christian art centers in Austria . 1st edition. No. 191 . St. Peter, Salzburg 1990, p. 3 .
  8. ^ A b Christian Fridrich, Josef Skopik: Our parish church St. Georg . Großweikersdorf 2007, ISBN 978-3-9502397-1-3 , p. 6 .
  9. ↑ Christian Fridrich, Josef Skopik: Our parish church of St. George . Großweikersdorf 2007, ISBN 978-3-9502397-1-3 , p. 7 .
  10. ^ A b Christian Fridrich, Josef Skopik: Our parish church St. Georg . Großweikersdorf 2007, ISBN 978-3-9502397-1-3 , p. 8 .
  11. ↑ Christian Fridrich, Josef Skopik: Our parish church of St. George . Großweikersdorf 2007, ISBN 978-3-9502397-1-3 , p. 10-11 .
  12. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Edited by: Evelyn Benesch, Bernd Euler-Rolle among others: Dehio-Handbuch. The art monuments of Austria. Lower Austria north of the Danube . 1990, p. 363 .
  13. ^ Edited by Evelyn Benesch, Bernd Euler-Rolle and others: Dehio-Handbuch. The art monuments of Austria. Lower Austria north of the Danube . Verlag Anton Schroll & Co, Vienna 1990, ISBN 3-7031-0652-2 , p. 376 .
  14. ↑ Alexander Weiger: Großweikersdorf . In: Christian art centers in Austria . 1st edition. No. 191 . St. Peter, Salzburg 1990, p. 7 .
  15. ↑ a b Alexander Weiger: Großweikersdorf . In: Christian art centers in Austria . No. 191 . Verlag St. Peter, Salzburg 1990, p. 14 .
  16. ↑ a b Alexander Weiger: Großweikersdorf . In: Christian art centers in Austria . 1st edition. No. 191 . Verlag St. Peter, Salzburg 1990, p. 12-13 .
  17. ^ Johann Baumgartner: Heimatbuch Großweikersdorf . Ed .: Pfarramt Großweikersdorf. Großweikersdorf 1968, p. 29 .
  18. ↑ Monika Dachs-Nickel: Sacral staging in the late baroque: Johann Wenzel Bergl's Holy Sepulcher in the former collegiate church of Garsten . In: Salzburger Barockmuseum (Ed.): Baroque reports . No. 51/52 . Self-published by the Salzburg Baroque Museum, Salzburg 2009, p. 437-445 .
  19. ↑ Alexander Weiger: Großweikersdorf . In: Christian art centers in Austria . 1st edition. No. 191 . Verlag St. Peter, Salzburg 1990, p. 15 .
  20. ↑ Alexander Weiger: Großweikersdorf . In: Christian art centers in Austria . 1st edition. No. 191 . Verlag St. Peter, Salzburg 1990, p. 10 .
  21. ↑ Photo documentation of the restoration in 2016, Josef Haspel and Margaritha Wolff Metternich laboratory in Vienna- Unterlaa
  22. ↑ Otto Wimmer: Characteristics and attributes of the saints . Tyrolia, Innsbruck-Vienna 1993, p. 172 .
  23. ^ Johann Baumgartner: Heimatbuch Großweikersdorf . Ed .: Pfarramt Großweikersdorf. Großweikersdorf 1968, p. 35 .
  24. ↑ JJBB1: Großweikersdorf, St. George. Organ Index, accessed September 21, 2018 .
  25. ↑ The bell of the Großweikersdorf church. Retrieved September 21, 2018 .
  26. ↑ Christian Fridrich, Josef Skopik: Our parish church of St. George . Großweikersdorf 2007, ISBN 978-3-9502397-1-3 , p. 18-25 .
  27. ↑ Christian Fridrich, Josef Skopik: Our parish church of St. George . Großweikersdorf 2007, ISBN 978-3-9502397-1-3 , p. 24 .

Coordinates: 48 ° 28 ′ 20.9 ″  N , 15 ° 58 ′ 59.9 ″  E