Tuscan order
The Tuscan order (also known as the Rustika , Tuscan or Etruscan order ) is one of the five classical column orders . In the hierarchy of the column orders it takes the lowest place. This means that it is also used in the multi-storey facade design for the lowest floor ( superposition ).
Historical development
The Greek influence on Etruscan architecture is particularly evident in the order of the columns. The Etruscan order emerged as a modified variant of the Doric order .
With the conquest of the Etruscan territories by the Romans from the 3rd century BC. The Etruscan order, along with other architectural features, was further developed and became part of Roman-ancient architecture . The result of this advancement is known as the Tuscan or Tuscan order. This is due to the main settlement area of the Etruscans , Tuscany.
Building the Tuscan Order
The Tuscan order is a pure column order without the formation of a special entablature and its structure follows the basic features of the Doric order . But in contrast to the Doric column , the Tuscan column has a base which - according to Vitruvius - consists of a round plinth and a simple bead. On column shaft usually the missing fluting below the capitals there is a neck ring. The dorising capital is usually unadorned and has a slightly projecting echinus with a closing abacus . As in the early Greek forms, the entablature was initially made of wood and not of stone.
See also
literature
- Robert Chitham: The classical orders of architecture . Architectural Press, Amsterdam 2005, ISBN 0-7506-6124-0 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Máté Major: History of Architecture. Volume 1. 3rd edition. Henschelverlag , Berlin 1984, pp. 455f.
- ↑ Tuscan order ( Memento of the original of October 22, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. - Structural engineering glossary
