Adnet marble

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Rotgrau-Schnöllbruch in Adnet (the pillars of the parliament building in Vienna come from here)
Broken plate or eyelash in Adnet
Adnet marble with ammonites

The Adneter marble is the trade name of a colorful, polishable limestone (" marble "). This rock is one of the so-called reef limestone and tuber limestone .

The designation of this natural stone as marble has historical roots and can therefore continue to be used. It is a type of rock that has a long tradition of use in Central Europe. Due to its different colors and décor, it was very popular as a building stone and monument. In addition to numerous baptismal fonts, columns, portals, pulpits and the late Gothic tomb art, the masterpieces by Veit Stoss , Tilman Riemenschneider and Niclaes Gerhaert van Leyden made of Adnet marble should be emphasized.

The rock deposit is located in Adnet , a municipality in the Salzburg region in the Hallein district in Austria. The marble quarries represent a separate location.

history

Already the Romans quarried the limestone from the 2nd century and used it for reliefs, building and profiled stone as well as mosaics . In Salzburg Museum three blocks of stone are issued with reliefs of this period. In the pre-Romanesque and Romanesque periods, this stone was mainly used to make relief designs. In the Gothic period, from around 1230, the "Adneter Scheck" was particularly important. The first written evidence of the existence of quarries dates from 1420. In the following times, the rock was in demand. Only in the period after the Second World War did demand drop sharply, which is reflected in quarry closures.

Origin and mineral inventory

Block of Adnet marble

The rock arose as deposits in the Mesozoic Era from calcareous shells and skeletons of dead animals as well as calcareous frameworks of plants in the sea; the so-called reef and coral limestone originated in the Triassic . The latter are referred to as drip marbles in Adnet .

This limestone consists predominantly of calcite , the crystallization forms of calcium carbonate (carbonate of calcium CaCO 3 ). Iron oxides occur in more or less fluctuating proportions , such as hematite , the reddish to red or limonite , which colors the Adneter rock yellow to brown.

Natural stone types

In the past, many Adnet farmers had their own quarry , nowadays only a small amount of Adnet marble is mined. There are a total of 10–20 quarries (some of them relatively hidden in the forest). Currently (2008) marble is only quarried in about five quarries.

In addition to regional aspects (Wimberg, Langmoos and the Kirchenbruch) in Adnet, the ownership structure gives its name to quarries: after the farmer Urban ( Urbano-Licht , or Urbano-Rosa ), a tuber limestone is named after the farmer Mozauer , after Schnöll Schnöllmarmor or Named Rotgrau-Schnöll . These forms of naming are traditionally common in all stone mining areas.

The so-called drip marbles are differentiated according to their color in light, red, gray, green or liver drip . The liver drop with a purple color is relatively rare.

Because of the typical pattern, some types of check marbles are named and the color is prefixed, such as red check and green check .

Significant sculptures

Significant works made of Adnet marble can be found in the parliament building in Vienna, on the Hohensalzburg fortress , in the collegiate church of St. Peter in Salzburg and in the New Reich Chancellery in Berlin. In numerous Austrian buildings, such as B. monasteries and monasteries are altars, epitaphs , coat of arms stones and tombs, such. B. in Melk , Klosterneuburg , Heiligenkreuz , Zwettl , Altenburg , St. Pölten , Lilienfeld , Mariazell , Graz , Eisenwurzen , Steyr , Kremsmünster , Lienz , Hallein etc. Furthermore, numerous historical baptismal fonts , wayside shrines and Marterl are made from this stone.

Veit Stoss and Tilman Riemenschneider , who carved a number of famous art-historical sculptures from wood in the Middle Ages, carved a few extremely remarkable stone sculptures from this stone. In particular, the facial features of the bishops in Würzburg Cathedral, masterfully created by Riemenschneider, show the stone carving depictions of people in the transition from the late Gothic to the Renaissance in an exemplary manner. Furthermore, the late Gothic masterpiece, the Tumba by Niclaes Gerhaert van Leyden of Emperor Friedrich III. in St. Stephen's Cathedral.

Portal at the Freising Cathedral
Main altar of the parish church Heilig Kreuz in Kiefersfelden.

Austria

Germany

Poland

literature

  • Alois Kieslinger : The usable rocks of Salzburg . Das Bergland-Buch, Salzburg et al. 1964 (= communications from the Society for Salzburg Regional Studies, supplementary volume 4).
  • Alois Kieslinger, Salzburg marble in the art of two millennia . In. Negotiations of the Federal Geological Institute , special issue G, Vienna 1965, pp. 313–316. (also journal of the German Geological Society 116; pdf , geologie.ac.at).
  • Franz Kretschmer: Marble from Adnet . Published by the Salzburger Bildungswerk, Örtliches Bildungswerk Adnet. Adnet municipal office, Land Salzburg, Adnet 1986, ( Adnet 1 home register).
  • Marmorindustrie Kiefer AG (ed.): Memorandum on the development of the joint stock company for marble industry Kiefer in Kiefersfelden in the first twenty-five years of its existence, 1883-1908. Bruckmann, Munich undated (1908).

Web links

Commons : Adneter Marmor  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Franz Kretschmer, Heimatbuch, p. 20, see Lit.

Coordinates: 47 ° 42 ′ 3 ″  N , 13 ° 8 ′ 35 ″  E