Parish church Sitzendorf an der Schmida
The parish church of St. Martin is an east-facing Roman Catholic church in the market town of Sitzendorf an der Schmida in Lower Austria . The three-aisled staggered hall from the Romano - Gothic period has a late baroque chapel extension on the north side .
According to the ordinance of the Federal Monuments Office, it is under monument protection ( list entry ).
The parish church, consecrated to St. Martin of Tours , stands slightly elevated on the northeast side of the main square of Sitzendorf and is surrounded by the medieval wall remains of the former cemetery.
history
Parish history
The parish was first mentioned on 24 September 1141, as Bishop Reginbert of Passau the Church in the United, one day to Hollabrunn belonging cadastral , consecrated . The right of patronage had at that time the Kuenringer as landlords held.
In 1241, Count Palatine Kraiburg-Ortenburg gave the church to Baumburg Monastery , but it was not until 1277 that the Kuenringers waived their right of patronage.
Until 1492 secular priests looked after the parish of Sitzendorf. The last was Doctor Martin Wölfel (from 1482 to 1492), who had been rector of the University of Vienna from 1474 . From 1492 pastoral care was provided by canons of Baumburg Abbey.
In 1553 Haimeran Hueber (also Haimram Huber) from Baumburg was installed as pastor in Sitzendorf, but he converted to Protestantism in 1562 , married and built a house with money from the church. An inscription plaque with the builder's coat of arms on the facade of the house at Am Patergraben 2 (former Protestant parsonage) provides information about the construction. It is a listed building. After Haimeran Hueber's death, Baumburg Abbey sued the widow for the surrender of the church property. The process ended with a settlement, according to which the widow had to hand over the fex for 1575 to Baumburg and to pay the taxes since 1566.
Already in 1574 Propst Stefan Toblhaimer had sold the patronage and the bailiff's rights to the Protestant Land Marshal Hans Wilhelm von Roggendorf , without having reached a consensus with the chapter and the ordinariate . As the current owner of the patronage, he determined the denomination of the common people and the parish became Protestant . Protestant pastors were deployed in the parish between 1575 and 1628 before the pastoral care was taken over again by the canons from Baumburg.
In 1615, Baumburg Abbey initiated legal action to return the parish . In 1631, Emperor Ferdinand finally had the parish returned to Baumburg. The recatholicization took place in the 1635th
The last pastor sent from Baumburg to Sitzendorf was Albert Knoll, who served in Sitzendorf from 1762 to 1786. From this point on, secular clergy took over pastoral care in the parish again. With the entry into force of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss in 1803, the patronage of the Baumburg monastery ended after more than 500 years and the parish became sovereign .
Today the parish is located in the dean's office Sitzendorf in the vicariate Unter dem Manhartsberg belonging to the archdiocese of Vienna .
Building history
Originally a Romanesque pillar basilica with transept and long choir is assumed, which was later partially replaced by the present nave. This is followed by the choir , the oldest surviving part of the parish church. The vaults of the choir sit on relief capitals over capped services and suggest that it was built around 1280/1290. The remains of the Gothic buttresses on the outside of the apse also date from this period .
To the south of the choir, a representative donor chapel was added around 1320/1350, which was originally only accessible via a south-facing portal and served as a burial place . The high grave of the knight Hanns von Wulfestorff, who died on August 8, 1504, was located in this chapel . The portal that is now walled up can be seen in the facade of the south aisle. In the 15th century, an opening to the choir was made in the form of a raised pointed arch .
Between 1450 and 1470, today's three-aisled, originally flat-roofed nave with a west gallery was built. The connection to the aisles was established with ogival arcade openings in the nave walls of the central nave and the donor's chapel was also opened to the south aisle with a pointed arch.
The building activity of the late 15th and early 16th centuries came to an end with the vaulting of the nave. This work was carried out in stages , as studies of the different vault ribs and their approaches show . Around 1520/1540, a low vestibule was added in the area of the western yoke of the south aisle.
When the church received a tower has not yet been clearly established. In the Topographia archiducatus Austriae Inferioris modernae from 1672 by Georg Matthäus Vischer it is already shown with a tower above the apse of the south aisle. The construction time is likely to be in the 2nd half of the 16th or in the 1st half of the 17th century. In 1706 this tower, which at that time had its current height, received a new onion helmet . Other sources give the year 1780 as the date of construction of the tower.
From 1740 onwards, under Otto Ferdinand von Dietrichstein, extensive baroque renovation began , which after his death in 1744 was not completed to the planned extent by his son Leopold Maria Franz. The redesign of the choir was completed with the erection of the high altar, the addition of the sacristy with oratory south of the choir and the addition of a north chapel. In the course of the Baroque style, the three eastern vault ribs of the Gothic polygonal connection were removed and the Gothic vaulted bowl was replaced by a Baroque one. Since the planned new vaulting of the central nave was not carried out, which should be about 2.5 meters higher than the one from the 15th / 16th centuries. Century, the already prepared lunette windows on the outer wall , which should illuminate the baroque vault, were walled up. The reconstruction work came to an end on July 15, 1772 with the late Baroque redesign of the tower. The complete Baroque renovation of the church's furnishings and the planned, uniform new facade were not implemented.
Around 1899 the two-storey baroque sacristy east of the tower was demolished and replaced with a new one. The staircase to the gallery was relocated from the western end of the south aisle to a new extension to the west of the vestibule. During this time, the church was also restored. Further restorations took place in 1965 and from 2001 to 2005.
Since the church was never damaged by fire or war, the individual construction phases and sections can be dated relatively precisely by examining the visible wall technology and by dendrochronological studies of the roof trusses. ( Building research )
Building description
The outer
The church consists of a three-aisle nave with a polygonal final Choir with approximately first same gable roofs , which together with the transverse saddle roofs of the side bands in the tower or the connection area a cross shape. This roof shape suggests the presence of a transept .
The high central nave of the nave is structured by plaster strips and pilaster strips as well as by lunette windows that were bricked up after the planned Baroque style was demolished after 1744. These bricked-up windows are located above the pent roof approach of the south aisle.
The buttresses of the choir and the tracery windows of the northern, polygonal side choir from the first half of the 14th century were baroque and partially renewed in the 18th century. In 1778 the Romanesque west facade, which protrudes about 1.80 meters from the side aisles, was accentuated with pilasters , a curved top and a triangular gable crown, and the Romanesque walls of the nave were structured with pilaster strips . The rectangular west portal has a curved, profiled roofing with volutes and is flanked by windows with drawn-in round arches in stone walls.
In the second quarter of the 18th century, a baroque chapel extension was built on the north aisle with a basket-shaped end. The south aisle has tracery windows from the end of the 19th century. The late baroque tower with a three-zone structure and a bell-shaped spire rises above the former donors' chapel from the first half of the 14th century. Two-lane, late Gothic pointed arched windows with tracery have been preserved in the high basement.
A vestibule vaulted vestibule from the 16th century is attached to the western yoke of the southern aisle. It has a profiled shoulder arch portal to the south with a keel arch on which there is a finial attachment. On the outer wall of the north aisle there is a late Gothic, relief shield with a depiction of the Austrian shield . This coat of arms corresponds exactly in shape and size to the keystone of the vault in the apse of the south aisle, which is why it is assumed that it was originally applied there. When and why it was moved to the outer wall is not known. North of the choir is a Roman grave slab with an incised cross and an inscription.
The inner
The core of the three-aisled nave, which dates from the 14th century, has a pseudo-basilical cross-section. The central nave with two square bays and a star rib vault with interlocking eight-pointed stars on polygonal wall pillars is from the first quarter of the 16th century. It opens onto the side aisles with ogival arcades. The wide, square choir bay from the 14th century with a Baroque rounded, originally Gothic five-eighth head is spanned by a ribbed vault with relief rosette keystones on profiled and partly vegetable profiled consoles and short services.
The south aisle has a ribbed vault on crossed approaches from the beginning of the 16th century. In contrast to those of the north aisle, the keystones of the vault are not in relief. To the east it ends in a five-eighth closing.
The north aisle also ends in a five-eighth section and is closed off by a cross vault from the mid-16th century, the vault ribs of which run out in clipped services on the side walls. The two keystones in the area of the pointed arch to the choir show Saints Catherine and Mary with the baby Jesus. Further keystones are provided with the Austrian shield and a coat of arms with an upright wolf. It is the Passau wolf , which can also be found in the coat of arms of the market town of Sitzendorf and which points to the centuries-long affiliation of the parish and community to the Baumburg monastery in the Traunstein district .
In the west, in the late 18th century, an organ loft, arched under a square, was built on pillars over half the yoke width of the central nave . The triumphal arch from the beginning of the 14th century is slightly retracted.
Furnishing
The late baroque, partially gilded, monochrome columned retable of the high altar made of wood and stucco from 1755 is matched to the arched apse and is connected to the corresponding pilasters by arches over the windows. The high altar was originally provided with an altarpiece by Kremser Schmidt . Nothing is known about the further fate of this altarpiece. It was replaced in 1872 by a 130 centimeter wide oil painting on canvas by Johann Tetter showing the donation of St. Martin represents. Above the picture there are two cartouches attached next to each other with the inscription St. Martin and Pray for us . A round window is integrated into the altar extension, which has white / yellow glazing set in rhombuses and is flanked by two partially gilded 1 meter high angels made of wood and two 50 centimeter putti made of stucco. The partially gold-plated, monochrome wooden tabernacle is located below the picture and is flanked by two 60 centimeter high angels. A gilded cross protrudes into the altarpiece. In the chancel there is a statue of St. Augustine and a holy bishop on stone consoles on either side . Both statues are made of polychrome wood and are 1.8 meters high.
The 2.2 meter wide popular altar in the apse is made of marble and dates from the last quarter of the 20th century.
On the north wall of the choir hangs a wooden, polychrome and partially gilded crucifix from the second half of the 18th century. On the south wall of the choir there is an oil painting on canvas by an Italian painter, presumably from the first half of the 16th century, depicting the seated Mother of God with the baby Jesus wearing a red dress and a blue coat . To the east of this is an oratory accessible through the sacristy , opposite a blendoratory for reasons of symmetry. The oratorio parapets bear 1.7 meters wide stucco reliefs of St. Joseph (south side) and St. Joachim (north side). In the apse of the apse there is an inscription cartouche with the year 1755, the date when the choir furnishings were completed.
The Marien altar in the north aisle and the cross altar in the south aisle with figures by the sculptor Julius Schadler were created in 1900 by the master carpenter Ferdinand Beil in Vienna based on designs by Richard Jordan . Both altars were donated by Theresia Wöber. The stained glass by Karl Geyling in the windows of the aisles and the north chapel as well as the statue of the Sacred Heart placed below the gallery in the north aisle date from the same period .
The two historicist altars in the side aisles are exposed to wood, glazed, provided with partial gilding and bear a donor's inscription. The Marian altar in the north aisle is also equipped with a tabernacle integrated into the essay with gilded artistically designed doors on which the letters Alpha and Omega can be seen. Behind the tabernacle on the top is a statue of a crescent moon Madonna with a white dress, blue cloak and long loose hair. She stands with her left foot on a crescent moon and with her right on a snake with an apple in its mouth.
A large crucifix rises above a pedestal on the top of the cross altar in the south aisle. This is flanked by figures of a mourning Mary and a praying John who looks up to the crucified.
In the south aisle in the area of the choir arch is a late Gothic baptismal font made of red marble from around 1500. Behind it is a coat of arms grave plate for Elisabeth von Lichtenstein-Nikolsburg, who was married to Wolfgang von Roggendorf and died in 1517.
Under the west gallery lies the mighty tombstone of Hanns von Wulfestorff, which was discovered during the interior restoration of the church in 2001. It was part of a high grave that was located at the site, is 270 cm long, 134 cm wide, 40–42 cm high, weighs about 2.6 tons and is made of red-brown Adnet marble . It shows a fully armed knight, whose identity is revealed by an inscription running around the four sides of the hipped cover and which also shows that the "noble and strict" knight died on August 8, 1504. The figure stands in a niche made of branches, tendrils and foliage and holds a lance in the right hand and a sword in the left. Several details symbolize the importance of this former liege lord. For example, he stands with both feet on the figure of a lion , which can be seen as a symbol of his power as a warlord. To his right is a unicorn as a symbol of strength and purity, to the left a heraldic shield depicting a wolf . Above it sits an ibex on a crown and further up there is another coat of arms depicting the Austrian shield .
On the outer wall of the north aisle is a coat of arms grave plate designed as a family tomb of the von Sitzendorf family at the time, the Malzkast (s), especially for Margarete Malzkast, née Pöbringer. The pictures of the Stations of the Cross donated by Theresia Wöber from 1872 hang on the walls of the aisles.
In the north chapel there is a late baroque altar set with angels with a statue from around 1580/1630. In a niche built into the altar, it depicts Christ at the scourge column , a motif that is also known as Christ in need . To the side, statues of St. Jodok and St. Felix of Valois can be seen on consoles . There are statues of St. Catherine and St. Agnes on the altar extension .
Two baroque console statues in the nave from the first half of the 18th century depict the saints Florian and Sebastian .
Leaded glass window
The historicist leaded glass windows made from 1899 to 1901 are set into the old arched and tracery window openings and some show saints, who mostly represent the patrons of the donors.
Choir
The glazing of the arched windows on both sides of the high altar and the oculus in the altarpiece as well as the small arched window above the mock oratorio were made in 1870. The arched windows on both sides of the altar showed busts of St. Hearts of Jesus and Mary with a cross above each as well as depictions of the instruments of suffering. In the oculus there was a representation of St. Mind. It is not known how the small arched window above the mock oratorio was designed.
On the occasion of the restoration in 1965, all windows in the apse were re-glazed to optimize the lighting of the presbytery.
Main nave
There is an ornamented arched window on both sides of the west portal. The window south of the portal shows Albertus Magnus, who was beatified in 1622, and is labeled “St. Albertus for us, please! ", The window north of the portal depicts St. Charles Borromeo and bears the inscription" St. Carolus please for us! ”. Two more round arched windows, glazed with white / yellow diamonds, are located on the gallery. It is not known whether they, too, were originally colorfully glazed.
South aisle
The first window in the east is a slim, two-part tracery window. On the left is St. Anna with her daughter Maria and on the right St. Antony depicted with the baby Jesus . The window bears the inscription "Erected in the Jubilee Year 1900".
To the west of it is a tracery window with the image of an apparition of Mary from 1830. On the right side of the window, Sister Catherine Labouré kneels with folded hands in a white costume. The left side is designed according to the account of her vision: Mary standing on the globe with a snake coiled around it is surrounded by an oval frame in which the words “O Mary receive without sin, pray for us who we take refuge in you ”. Another content of her vision can be found at the top of the window, it is the letter "M" with a cross above and the hearts of Jesus and Mary below, framed by a wreath of twelve stars. Catherine Labouré claims to have received the order from Maria to have a medal minted with these two motifs, which was implemented two years later. It is now known worldwide as the “ Miraculous Medal ”. The window below the picture bears the inscription "Out of gratitude for attained health - Dedicated by Anna Fahn 1901".
The third window of the side aisle shows the Trinity . On the left sits the risen Christ with his hands raised, revealing the stigmata. To his right, God the Father with a scepter in his right hand and the globe in his left hand and crowned with a tiara . The dove of the Holy Spirit is depicted above it. The window bears the inscription "Most Holy Trinity, God have mercy on us 1901".
On the west facade there is an ornamented arched window with a portrait of St. Leopold in ermine coat and with Erzherzogshut in a medallion and the inscription "St.Leopold pray for us!".
North aisle
In the apse, above the side altar, there is a high tracery window depicting the dove of the Holy Spirit. The tracery window to the left shows St. Theresa .
Between the apse and the north chapel there is a three-lane 2.5 meter high tracery window from the late 14th century with stained glass from 1900, which show ornamental representations in the middle part. St. Ignatius is possibly depicted on the left and St. Elisabeth of Portugal or Elisabeth of Thuringia on the right. The window bears the inscription "Donated by Ignaz and Elisabeth Mayerhofer 1900".
The tracery window to the west of the north chapel is also 2.5 Metzger high and shows St. Barbara and St. Josef and is labeled “Dedicated in honor of St. Barbara. 1901 ”.
On the west facade of the aisle there is a 1 mater high ornamented arched window with a portrait of St. Theresia and the inscription "Sta.Theresia please for us!".
North chapel
The north chapel receives its light through two arched side windows. The right window shows Margareta Maria Alacoque , who was beatified in 1864, with her attribute, the heart of Jesus wrapped in a crown of thorns in a medallion above her head. The window bears the inscription “Voted in honor of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. v. Jos. Pinkas Coop. zu Sitzendorf 1891–1900 ”. St. Catherine is depicted in the left window , it bears the inscription "Dedicated by Catharina Kusterer 1901".
organ
On the gallery there was an organ from 1841 with 14 registers , which was fitted with a new fan in 1895 . This instrument was replaced in 1941 by an Opus 2935 organ built by the Rieger company with 17 stops, divided into two manuals and a pedal, and a total of 900 pipes . The reform instrument is stylistically at the transition between late Romanticism and Neo-Baroque and has pneumatic cone chests . In 2010, the restoration by the Bodem company was completed, the aim of which was to reconstruct the original sound image and to add the missing Krummhorn based on historical Rieger organs. Since then the organ has had the following disposition :
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Bells
Up to 1937 the ringing consisted of three bells and a death bell ( train bell ). In 1937 another large bell was added, which was dedicated to the memory of Engelbert Dollfuss . After it turned out that the sound did not harmonize, the three existing bells were replaced with three new ones. As early as 1942, the entire bell was confiscated as a metal donation from the German people and melted down to produce war material for the Second World War . Only the train bell remained. Further details about these bells are not known.
On November 13, 1950, the Pfundner bell foundry from Vienna delivered a new bell consisting of four bells and a fifth bell for the chapel of the local children's home. These bells were consecrated on November 15, 1950 by Archbishop-Coadjutor Franz Jachym . When the children's home was closed in 2007, the church also received this bell, which has been used as a train bell since November 2008.
The details of the bells:
- War memorial bell with a diameter of 128 cm has the tone es, weighs 1300 kg and is dedicated to St. Consecrated to Leopold. She bears the image of St. Leopold and the inscription "Saint Leopold protect our homeland / Sitzendorf in the holy year 1950 / From the parishioners".
- Mary's bell with a diameter of 100 cm has the tone g, weighs 650 kg and is St. Consecrated to Mary. She bears the image of St. Mary and the inscription “Holy Mary, Queen of Peace, pray for us / Sitzendorf in the holy year 1950 / From the parishioners”.
- Martin's bell with a diameter of 86 cm has the tone b, weighs 380 kg and is dedicated to St. Martin consecrated. She bears the image of St. Martin and the inscription "Saint Martin shield our parish church / Sitzendorf in the holy year 1950 / From the parishioners".
- Joseph's bell with a diameter of 75 cm has the tone c, weighs 250 kg and is dedicated to St. Consecrated to Joseph. She bears the image of St. Joseph and the inscription "Saint Joseph, patron saint of the dying, pray for us / Sitzendorf in the holy year 1950 / From the parishioners".
- Train bell up to October 2008 from the ringing before 1937 with a diameter of 41 cm has the tone as, weighs about 50 kg and bears the incomplete inscription “Dedicated by the Sitzendorf hunting company in 192”.
- Train bell from November 2008 from the chapel of the abandoned children's home with a diameter of 36 cm, an undocumented sound, weighs about 30 kg and bears the image of an angel and the inscription "Holy Guardian Angels protect us / Sitzendorf in the holy year 1950".
literature
- Dehio Lower Austria north of the Danube 1990 , Sitzendorf an der Schmida, parish church hl. Martin, p. 1093 ff.
- Leo Maria Trapp, Cooperator: Sitzendorf Market - A contribution to local history . With ecclesiastical printing permission Eggenburger Buchdruckerei, 1919
- Peter Aichinger-Rosenberger (Ed.): At home in Sitzendorf - home book of the market town Sitzendorf an der Schmida . Sitzendorf an der Schmida, 2006, ISBN 3-200-00577-7 , p. 615 ff.
- Walter Brugger, Anton Landersdorfer, Christian Soika (eds.): Baumburg an der Alz - The former Augustinian Canons' Monastery in history, art, music and science . 1st edition. Schnell & Steiner publishing house, Regensburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-7954-1710-9 .
- Peter Aichinger-Rosenberger: Building history of the parish church hl. Martin in Sitzendorf an der Schmida . Research paper. Krems 2002.
- Inventory of the Sitzendorf parish church in the parish archive
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Baumburg an der Alz , pp. 64, 69.
- ^ Aichinger-Rosenberger: At home in Sitzendorf , p. 615.
- ^ Sebastian Mitterdorfer: Conspectus historiae Universitatis Viennensis 2 (1724), 3 (Vienna 1725)
- ↑ Church and Religion , as viewed August 19, 2012.
- ^ Leo Maria Trapp Markt Sitzendorf , p. 18f
- ↑ Baumburg an der Alz , p. 329.
- ^ Hans Wilhelm Freiherr von Roggendorf 1589 , seen May 9, 2012.
- ^ Aichinger-Rosenberger: At home in Sitzendorf , p. 616.
- ^ Leo Maria Trapp: Sitzendorf market p. 34
- ^ Aichinger-Rosenberger: At home in Sitzendorf , p. 617.
- ^ Dehio manual . 1990, p. 1093.
- ↑ a b Aichinger-Rosenberger: At home in Sitzendorf , p. 621.
- ^ Aichinger-Rosenberger: At home in Sitzendorf , p. 624.
- ^ Dehio manual. 1990, p. 1094
- ^ Aichinger-Rosenberger: At home in Sitzendorf, p. 625
- ^ Aichinger-Rosenberger: At home in Sitzendorf , p. 626.
- ^ Aichinger-Rosenberger: Daheim in Sitzendorf , p. 617 ff.
- ↑ Aichinger-Rosenberger, Building History , p. 1
- ↑ Inventory No. 9922/1
- ^ Franz X. Schweickhardt von Sickingen: Representation of the Archduchy of Austria under the Enns . Vol. VI. Vienna 1831–1841, p. 173.
- ↑ a b Aichinger-Rosenberger: At home in Sitzendorf , p. 627.
- ↑ Inventory No. 9922/2
- ↑ Inventory No. 9922/7
- ↑ Inventory No. 9922/8
- ↑ Inventory No. 9922/3
- ↑ Inventory No. 9922/4
- ↑ Inventory No. 9922/5, iconography: gown, Rochett, Mozetta, flaming heart, miter, crosier
- ↑ Inventory No. 9922/9
- ↑ Inventory No. 9922/49
- ↑ Inventory No. 9922/25
- ↑ Inventory No. 9922/153, Iconography: Throwing Shovel, Lily
- ^ Leo Maria Trapp: Sitzendorf Market , p. 40
- ↑ a b c Chronicle of the Sitzendorf parish
- ↑ a b c d Inventory No. 9922/136
- ↑ Inventory No. 9922/139, Iconography: Jesuskind, Lilie, Franziskanerhabit
- ↑ Inventory No. 9922/138
- ↑ Inventer No. 9922/137, Iconography: Blessing Christ, God the Father with scepter, tiara, globe
- ↑ Inventory No. 9922/134, iconography: bishop's clothing, staff, palm or crown, alms
- ↑ Inventory No. 9922/135, Iconography: palm, chalice, sword or lily
- ↑ Inventory No. 9922/133, iconography: costume, flaming heart with crown of thorns (MM Alacoque) or crown, palm, sword, wheel (Katharina)
- ^ Leo Maria Trapp: Sitzendorf Market , p. 41
- ^ Orgelbau Bodem: Information about the organ , seen May 9, 2012.
- ↑ Orgebase.nl: Information about the organ , viewed April 30, 2019.
Coordinates: 48 ° 35 ′ 57 ″ N , 15 ° 56 ′ 36 ″ E