Unterlaa

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Unterlaa
coat of arms map
Coat of arms of Unterlaa Favorites location unterlaa.png
Unterlaa and the surrounding area around 1872, recording sheet of the state survey

Unterlaa is a former municipality in Lower Austria , which is now part of the 10th district of Vienna, Favoriten , and one of the 89 Viennese cadastral communities .

geography

Unterlaa is located in the southeast of Favoriten on the Liesing, which runs roughly in a west-east direction . Downstream of the site on the east already the Lower Austrian borders Schwechat belonging Kledering and the south by the Lower Austrian municipalities Lanzendorf and Leopoldsdorf .

The cadastral community extends over an area of ​​338.11 hectares .

Unterlaa also denotes a census district of official statistics consisting of a census district, the boundary of which, however, is not identical to that of the cadastral municipality.

history

Originally, the place formed a unit with the upstream, so west lying Oberlaa under the name Laa .

The place was mentioned for the first time in a document from 1271. This document regulated the sale of the Niederlaa manor - as Unterlaa was sometimes also called at that time - by the Viennese citizen Paltram in front of the Freithof to the Order of St. John (today the Order of Malta). The order set up a hospital for six patients around the Johanneskirche. The hospital existed until the Second Turkish Siege of Vienna in 1683. Unterlaa suffered severely from the two Turkish sieges and the French invasion in May 1809.

The Maltese remained the landlords of Unterlaa until the revolutionary year 1848 . From 1850 Unterlaa had the following mayors:

  • Josef Kindl (1850–1865)
  • Johann Stingeder (1865–1886)
  • Georg Prentl (1886–1903); Connection of Unterlaas to the Viennese gas lighting network; Foundation of the Unterlaa fire brigade
  • Georg Wiesmayer (1903-1919)
  • Josef Prentl (1919-1938); Connection Unterlaas to the Viennese spring water pipeline

As early as 1873, larger uninhabited parts of the place were connected to the Vienna urban area.

Until the middle of the 19th century, viticulture was also practiced in Unterlaa; according to the Franziszeischem land register , the vineyards on Johannesberg were located in what is today the area of the Vienna South-East substation . From 1914 the construction of an ammunition store began there, and an anti-aircraft battery was also placed here during the Second World War.

With the law of October 1, 1938, after the "annexation" of Austria to the German Reich , Vienna was enlarged to become Greater Vienna . This resulted in the incorporation of Oberlaas and Unterlaas into Vienna, to the new 23rd district, Schwechat. After the end of the Second World War , this incorporation was confirmed in 1954 when most of the areas attached to Vienna in 1938, including Schwechat, returned to Lower Austria. (The Soviet Union had given up its veto against the change.) Now Unterlaa became part of Vienna's 10th district, Favoriten .

population

Unterlaa has 894 inhabitants (2011).

Population development
18th century 1783: 265 inhabitants
19th century 1830: 272 inhabitants - 1851: 257 inhabitants - 1869: 277 inhabitants - 1880: 383 inhabitants - 1890: 454 inhabitants - 1900: 609 inhabitants
20th century 1910: 731 inhabitants - 1923: 687 inhabitants - 1934: 681 inhabitants - 1939: 679 inhabitants - 1951: 566 inhabitants - 1961: 464 inhabitants - 1971: 566 inhabitants - 1981: 568 inhabitants - 1991: 742 inhabitants
21st century 2001: 735 inhabitants - 2011: 894 inhabitants

Culture and sights

Johanneskirche Unterlaa
Heraldic cartouche at Prendlhof (18th century)
Old Mill (1779)

The outstanding structure in Unterlaas is the Johanneskirche of the Order of Malta on Klederinger Strasse. Although the little church is not very noticeable from the outside, it has a very long history of construction. At the location and south of it, on Johannesberg, there was already a Roman settlement, on which the first church was possibly built in Carolingian times. At the end of the 13th century, the Order of St. John acquired the land and church and ran a hospital next door according to the rules of the order. Also noteworthy is the Holy Sepulcher Chapel, which was built based on the model in Jerusalem. The district museum Favoriten has set up a branch at the Johanneskirche which documents the excavations in that area. The Unterlaaer Kirche is often referred to as the oldest existing church in what is now Vienna.

The town center is a little west of the church around Unterlaaer Platz. Here there is an old undercrowded mill next to the Liesing, which bears the year 1779 above the gate entrance. Next door, already at Klederinger Straße 169, is the Prentlhof . It was part of a hunting lodge from the 18th century and is named after the Prentl family who bought the building from the Order of Malta around 1840. A remarkable heraldic cartouche is located above the entrance gate, and inside there are rooms with wall paintings depicting hunting scenes.

The still rural Unterlaa also has several statues on the surrounding fields and fields. In the far north, next to the railway tracks of the Donauländebahn , lies the Sebastianskreuz , which was built over a former plague pit from 1713. On a four-sided pillar there is a niche attachment in which a figure of Saint Sebastian stands under a gable roof. On the other side of the track is the Red Cross , a wooden cross painted in red with a representation of the crucified. In the village itself, at the intersection of Scheunenstraße and Georg-Wiesmayer-Gasse, there is a bricked station of the cross that once stood on the pilgrimage route from Wieden to Maria Lanzendorf . The original picture, painted on wood and dated 1747, is now in the Favoriten District Museum, while a mosaic picture depicting Christ on the Mount of Olives can be seen in the chapel . From there further south to the city limits, a dirt road leads to the Guardian Angel Cross , which was erected in 1694 and was also on the pilgrimage route to Maria Lanzendorf. The representation of a Guardian Angel with a child can be seen on a square stone foundation. The Immaculate Column from 1662 is located on the Johannesberg. Under the statue of Mary there are four relief images that are difficult to identify. In 1994 a hunting chapel was built next to the column, which is dedicated to Saint Eustachius . In the village there is a stone statue of Johannes von Nepomuk on the Sebastian Bridge over the Liesing .

Important supply structures in Unterlaa are the substation Vienna-Südost of Austrian Power Grid AG on the Johannesberg and the water tank including the elevator on Scheunenstrasse. This is where the third Viennese aqueduct leads from the Mitterndorfer Basin. The water tank is the largest water tank in the Vienna city area, both in terms of capacity and area. The connected pumping station leads the water via the south ring line to the Rosenhügel reservoir and via the east ring line to the Laaer Berg reservoir.

Not directly to the sights, but typical and important for the agriculture of Unterlaa - and also of the neighboring Oberlaa - is the "soup green". This is a bunch of vegetables made from red and yellow carrots , celery , parsley and a leek , already bundled for a pot of soup. Since the parsley is called “Pesl” in the local dialect, the farmers who grow it are the “Peslbauan”.

coat of arms

Unterlaa is immortalized with a red Maltese cross on a gold background in the lower part of the Favoritens coat of arms . This refers to the Maltese cross on the tower of the Johanneskirche Unterlaa.

Personalities

  • Josef Prentl (1890–1949), peasant functionary and politician
  • Josef Haspel Sr. (1925–1995), chemist and landscape painter
  • Josef Arthold (1934–2002), member of the National Council, vocational school director
  • Franz Windisch (* 1957), member of the National Council, President of the Vienna Chamber of Agriculture, farmer

literature

  • Herbert Tschulk: Viennese district culture guide favorites . Jugend & Volk, Vienna 1985.
  • Dehio Handbook Vienna. X. to XIX. and XXI. to XXIII. District . Anton Schroll, Vienna 1996.
  • Felix Czeike: Historical Lexicon Vienna Vol. 5 . Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1997.
  • Werner Schubert, Favoriten, Verlag Bezirksmuseum, Vienna, 1992.
  • Werner Schubert, Experience favorites, Lemberger publishing house, Vienna, 2004.
  • Leopold Teifer: The farmers in Oberlaa, Unterlaa and Rothneusiedl , Landwirtschaftliches Casino Oberlaa (ed.), Vienna, November 2011.

Web links

Commons : Unterlaa  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. a b Klusacek, Christine .: Favorites: between yesterday and tomorrow . Mohl, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-901761-38-1 , p. 202 .
  2. ^ NN: Mayoral elections Unterlaa. In: The district messenger for the political district of Bruck ad Leitha. Globus, May 31, 1903, retrieved February 2, 2019 .
  3. Franz Pilshofer: Chronicle of the parish Oberlaa with Unterlaa and Rothneusiedl . Ed .: SOLA - LANGAU. Edition Sola, 1997.
  4. ^ NN: Unterlaa in the Franziszeischen Cadastre. In: mapire.eu. Retrieved February 2, 2019 .
  5. From near and far - Oberlaa. In: Lower Austrian border messenger. Deutscher Preßverein, December 7, 1913, accessed on February 2, 2019 .
  6. ^ Historical local dictionary Vienna. Statistical documentation on population and settlement history. (PDF file) (No longer available online.) Austrian Academy of Sciences , August 31, 2014, p. 55 , archived from the original on July 21, 2015 ; Retrieved October 19, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.oeaw.ac.at
  7. ^ Schubert, Werner: Favorites . Mohl, Vienna 1980, ISBN 3-900272-35-2 , p. 179 .
  8. Leopold Teifer: The farmers in Oberlaa, Unterlaa and Rothneusiedl .


Coordinates: 48 ° 8 '  N , 16 ° 25'  E