Oberlaa
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Oberlaa is a former Lower Austrian municipality that is part of today the 10th Viennese municipal district , favorites is. The southern part forms as Oberlaa Land , the northern part as Oberlaa Stadt each one of the 89 Viennese cadastral communities .
geography
Oberlaa is located in the south of Favoriten. The residential areas of the Laaer Berg are counted as part of the historic location on the Liesing . Upstream the place borders on Rothneusiedl and downstream on Unterlaa , both of which are also districts of Favoriten. The Lower Austrian market town of Leopoldsdorf is in the south of Oberlaa .
The two cadastral communities Oberlaa Stadt (748.28 hectares ) and Oberlaa Land (450.37 hectares) together cover an area of 1198.65 hectares. They are separated from each other by the Donauländebahn railway line .
Oberlaa also designates a census district of official statistics consisting of two cadastral districts, the borderline of which, however, is not identical to those of the two cadastral communities.
history
Originally the place formed a unit with the downstream Unterlaa under the name Laa and is mentioned for the first time in 1140 in records in Klosterneuburg Abbey. Oberlaa as such was first mentioned in a document in 1324.
The place suffered from the two Turkish sieges of Vienna , 1809 by Napoleon's troops and several times from plague and cholera . The land rule ended in 1849, and Oberlaa became an autonomous local community in Lower Austria . In 1872 the Donauländebahn was opened with its Oberlaa station, which crosses fields in the local area in a west-east direction. The railway provides access from railway lines in the south of Vienna to the commercial port on the Danube; it was of very little importance in passenger traffic until 1945.
In 1890/1892 the fields of the community north of the Donauländebahn were connected to the Vienna urban area and became part of the 10th district of Vienna. After the " connection " of Austria to the German Reich Vienna was Act of 1 October 1938 effectively made on 15 October 1938 to Greater Vienna increased. As a result, the center of Oberlaa and its remaining area south of the railway as well as the neighboring municipality of Unterlaa came to Vienna and became part of the new 23rd district, Schwechat . In 1946 the expansion of Vienna was to be largely reversed; Due to a veto by the Soviet occupying power, whose area of occupation included Oberlaa, this did not happen until 1954. Oberlaa was one of the 17 towns incorporated in 1938 that remained near Vienna. It now became part of the 10th district in its entirety.
In 1969 provisional bathing operations began at a thermal spring in the Oberlaa area. In 1974 the Kurzentrum Wien Oberlaa was opened and the Vienna International Garden Show 1974 (today Kurpark Oberlaa ) was held; thus the place name has become generally known in Vienna. Since 1974 Oberlaa has been connected to the Vienna tram network. By 2010, the bathing facilities were redesigned as Therme Wien .
The underground line U1 (instead of tram line 67) was extended to its new southern terminus between Therme Wien and the historic center of Oberlaa until 2017 and has been in operation on the new section from Reumannplatz to Oberlaa since September 2, 2017 .
population
The cadastral communities of Oberlaa-Stadt and Oberlaa-Land together have around 21,000 inhabitants (2001).
In 1646 the parish Oberlaa had 900 inhabitants. In 1695, when Oberlaa was part of the Vösendorf rulership , it had 284 inhabitants. In 1783 there were 991 inhabitants. From 1851 to 1869 the population almost tripled, from 1131 inhabitants to 3087 inhabitants. In 1880, 2989 people lived in Oberlaa. After the separation of the northern parts of the area, the population of the municipality Oberlaa and the cadastral municipality Oberlaa Land initially increased, from 2283 inhabitants in 1890 to 3537 inhabitants in 1910. After a decrease to 3172 inhabitants in 1923, there was an increase in population until 1939 3606 inhabitants. In the post-war period, the number of inhabitants fell: 3440 inhabitants in 1951 and 3255 inhabitants in 1961.
Culture and sights
Oberlaa is a popular destination with its numerous wine taverns . In 1965, the development of a sulfur spring started here and finally opened in 1974 with the Therme Oberlaa, Vienna's only thermal spring to date . In this context, the opening of the Vienna International Garden Show in 1974 took place in Oberlaa. The large gardens for this purpose have been preserved as Kurpark Oberlaa on the southern slope of the Laaer Berg. Furthermore, the Kurhalle Oberlaa , an event center, was located near the thermal baths and the Kurkonditorei Oberlaa until 2007 . Next to the spa center is the Oberlaa train station on the Donauländebahn , which is not served by passenger traffic.
The Schmerber Cross is located in the area of the former “Filmstadt” in the Oberlaa Kurpark .
The Oberlaa parish church was first mentioned in 1267. The church was completely destroyed in the two Turkish sieges and rebuilt in the 18th century. She is the St. Consecrated to Aegidius . Today's Oberlaa cemetery was consecrated in 1833.
The Oberlaa elementary school at Oberlaaer Platz 10 is the oldest school in what is now the area of the Favoriten district. Already in the 16th century. a schoolmaster named Daniel Zeller was named who sympathized with Lutheranism . In the years 1874/75, the three communities Oberlaa, Unterlaa and Rothneusiedl jointly built a school next to the Oberlaa parish church. This building is listed.
The Oberlaas mineral springs were also immortalized in the Favoriten's coat of arms. In the upper right part (heraldically seen: upper left) there are two white fountains that gush from a white bowl fountain. The background is chosen in blue color.
At the intersection of Leopoldsdorfer Strasse and Scheunenstrasse there is an Ecce Homo pillar . Together with the four horse chestnuts surrounding it and the green area, it is protected as a group of trees including free sculptures as Vienna's natural monument number 751 .
At the Liesingbachbrücke in the course of Himberger Straße there is a listed baroque statue of St. John Nepomuk . In front of the parish church there is a second statue of Nepomuk .
At the corner of Laaer-Berg-Straße and Friedhofstraße (formerly called “Hinterezeile”) there is a listed niche shrine (Christ on the Mount of Olives) .
On the eastern edge of the village at the confluence of Friedhofstraße and Oberlaaer Straße is a Pietà chapel .
Economy and Infrastructure
The airline company Austrian Airlines had its headquarters in Oberlaa until the end of 2007. Its building, which is conspicuous from afar, was demolished from September 2012 to the beginning of 2013, as there was no subsequent use.
In Oberlaa there are numerous vineyards, which have been largely unnoticed even by Viennese, which are cultivated by local winemakers and by winemakers from other Viennese wine-growing regions. The Oberlaaer Wein has great potential. In addition to the good location, this is also due to the fact that land prices are still relatively low compared to Vienna and that many of the properties designated as vineyards are not yet cultivated.
Typical and important for the agriculture of Oberlaa - and also of the neighboring Unterlaa - is the "soup green", a bunch of vegetables made from red and yellow carrots , celery , parsley and a leek , already bundled for a pot of soup. Since the parsley is called "Pesl" in the local dialect, the farmers who grow it are the "Peslbauan".
Folklore
Every year on April 25th, the St. Mark's procession takes place, during which people pray for a good wine harvest. This procession leads from the Oberlaa parish church over An der Kuhtrift to the Schmerber Cross, on to the Red Cross , to the Pietà chapel and back to the parish church in Oberlaa.
Personalities
- Johann Haller (1883–1954), innkeeper, farmer and politician
- Heinrich Tahedl (1907–1985), painter and graphic artist
- Bruno Engelmeier (1927–1991), soccer player, national goalkeeper
literature
- Werner Schubert : Favorites. Verlag Bezirksmuseum Favoriten, Vienna 1992, OCLC 499963335 .
- Christine Klusacek, Kurt Stimmer: Favorites. Between yesterday and tomorrow. Mohl Verlag, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-901761-38-1 .
- Maria Kinz: Favorites worth living in. J&V Edition Wien, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-85058-083-0 .
- Leopold Teifer: The farmers in Oberlaa, Unterlaa and Rothneusiedl. Agricultural Casino Oberlaa (Ed.), Vienna 2011, DNB 1050108191 .
Web links
- Entry on Laa in the Austria Forum (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Statistics Austria (Ed.): Ortverzeichnis 2001: Wien . Verlag Österreich, Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-902452-48-X , p. 59–60 ( PDF file [accessed October 19, 2014]). PDF file ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. - Note: At least 19,511 inhabitants (counting districts 91001 18, 91001 20; counting districts 91001 141, 91001 152, 91001 160, 91001 161, 91001 162, 91001 163, 91001 191, 91001 192, 91001 193, 91001 194), maximum 22,247 inhabitants ( plus counting district 91001 150, 91001 164, 91001 234).
- ^ Historical local dictionary Vienna. Statistical documentation on population and settlement history. (PDF file) (No longer available online.) Austrian Academy of Sciences , August 31, 2014, p. 49 , archived from the original on July 21, 2015 ; Retrieved October 19, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Werner Schubert: Favoriten , p. 25.
- ↑ Leopold Teifer: The farmers in Oberlaa, Unterlaa and Rothneusiedl. Pp. 102-103.
- ↑ Natural monuments 10th district. (PDF file) (No longer available online.) City of Vienna, archived from the original on February 21, 2014 ; Retrieved October 19, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Gerhard Hofer: The future of Viennese wine lies in Oberlaa. In: The press. April 8, 2011, accessed October 19, 2014 .
- ↑ Leopold Teifer: The farmers in Oberlaa, Unterlaa and Rothneusiedl .
- ↑ On the Kuhtrift = street name in Favoriten, named since June 9, 1987 after the name of this area at the time, on the southwestern edge of today's Oberlaa spa park
- ^ Schubert: Favorites. P. 34
Favorites |
Inzersdorf city |
Oberlaa (KG Oberlaa Stadt and KG Oberlaa Land) |
Rothneusiedl |
Unterlaa
Part each of Simmering and Kaiserebersdorf protrude into the district.
Coordinates: 48 ° 8 ' N , 16 ° 24' E