Simmering (Vienna district)

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Simmering
coat of arms map
Coat of arms from the Simmering district Simmering location simmering.png

Simmering was an independent municipality until the end of 1891 and has been a district of Vienna since January 1, 1892 in the 11th district of Simmering of the same name as well as one of the 89 Viennese cadastral communities with a non-congruent area .

geography

Aerial view of Simmering looking to the northeast

The Simmering district is largely located in the northwestern part of the Simmering district. In the southeast it borders on the Kaiserebersdorf district , in the southwest and west on the Favoritner districts Oberlaa and Favoriten , in the northwest on the 3rd district, Landstrasse , and in the northeast along the Danube Canal on the 2nd district, Leopoldstadt .

Since the boundaries of cadastral communities (KG.) In Vienna sometimes run differently than the district boundaries, 22.5 hectares of the cadastral community Simmering are in the 3rd district, Landstrasse, and 116.94 hectares in the 10th district, Favoriten. In favorites the limit of the KG. Simmering formed, among other things, by the Grenzstraße , and the northeastern part of the Bohemian Prater still belongs to the KG. Simmering. Until October 15, 1938, the limit was the KG. also the district border. The total area of ​​the cadastral community is 1178.46 hectares.

Origin of name

The first documentary mention of Simmering from 1028 was still in the name of Symmanninngen , in another document from 1130 Isinrich von Simmanningen is specifically named as the owner of the place . The von Simmaningen (also Symannig or Simonig ) were probably a landed noble family living in this area, which can be traced back to 1398.

history

Latène period coin treasure

A coin treasure with around 260 small silver coins of the Simmering type as well as more than 30 hexadrachms of various Boisch BIATEC coins was found in 1880. The small silver coins show part of a laurel wreath on the obverse and the image of a wild horse on the reverse , both sides also with different pictorial additions. Such Simmering coin types are widespread from Bratislava to Vienna, individual pieces have even been found in the city ​​on the Magdalensberg . According to a dating by Eva Kolníková, the minting period is between 60 and 45 BC. BC ( late La Tène period ).

Manorial rule

Simmering town center at the beginning of the 19th century
St. Laurence Church

Simmering was owned by the von Simmanningen family until around 1400 and had numerous owners in the centuries that followed, whose names can still be found in some Simmering street names today:

  • around 1028: The noble Gottschalk: ( Gottschalkgasse )
  • 12th century: Herword von Simoning ( Herbortgasse and Simoningplatz )
  • around 1485: Christoph von Rappach ( Rappachgasse )
  • ? –1573: Andreas Ritter von Dürrnbacher ( Dürrnbacherstraße )
  • 1573–1598: Michael Eyzing Freiherr von Schrattenthal ( Eyzinggasse )
  • 1598–1608: Michael Eham ( Ehamgasse )
  • 1608–1635: Georg Bernhard Freiherr von Urschenböck ( Urschenböckgasse )
  • 1635–1636: Isabella Perpetua von Römersthal , b. Freiin Urs (ch) enbeck (1614–1664; Römersthalgasse )
  • 1636–1677: Maria Elisabeth Colonna Freiin von Fels ( Felsgasse )
  • 1828–1832: Jakob Ha (c) kel ( Hakelgasse )
  • 1832–1848: Franz Ullmann

In 1848 the basic rule in the Austrian Empire was abolished. In 1850, Simmering became an independent local community that existed until December 31, 1891. On January 1, 1892, the municipality was included in the city ​​of Vienna and gave its name to the new 11th district.

Settlement development

For most of its existence, Simmering had a village character. In the center of the village was the St. Laurence Church , which was used as a defensive lookout in times of war due to its tower. In 1529 Simmering was devastated in the course of the first Turkish siege of Vienna . But the second Turkish siege , 1683, and the double occupation and looting by Napoléon Bonaparte's troops, 1805 and 1809, devastated the village.

Since 1605 there has been a brewery in Thurnhof in today's Mautner-Markhof-Gasse , which has been an important source of income for the place for over three centuries and was only closed in 1930 and only continued as a yeast and fuel factory.

In 1713 Simmering was hit by a plague epidemic. From 1773 imperial artillery maneuvers took place on the Simmeringer Haide ; in the process, cannons were used to shoot fortresses modeled on the historic Ravelins in order to test the penetration of the projectiles. The shooting range existed until the 20th century. In 1797 the construction of the Wiener Neustädter Canal began .

Simmering retained its village structures until around 1860, before becoming an industrial and working-class suburb within a few decades. The Simmeringer wagon factory was built around 1850 . From 1869 further industrial companies and workshops were added, including those for the railways. As a result, rapid urban development began, industrial companies such as B. the Maschinen- und Waggonfabrik AG (today Siemens Mobility ) settled here. In 1870, the brewery in Thurnhof passed into the possession of the Dreher brewery family from Schwechat, who were later known throughout Old Austria . In 1913 the Viennese Dreher Brewery merged with the St. Marxer Brewery of the Mautner-Markhof family, who were also active in the brewing industry. In 1930 the Simmeringer brewery was shut down.

There was also the Vogelsinger & Pastré iron foundry and a factory belonging to Austro-Daimler AG. Important transport routes were next to the Simmeringer main street which is operated by a Belgian company, through the exchange of Graz leading Aspangbahn , the Eastern Railway with the Ostbahnbrücke over the Danube Canal and the 1878 decommissioned Wiener Neustadt Canal .

In 1858 the first office building of the municipality of Simmering was opened. Around 1860, the Rinnböck houses were laid out, which at the time was the second largest residential complex in the greater Vienna area and was one of the first workers' residences. The entrepreneur Josef Rinnböck , who was involved in the demolition of the Vienna city walls , used material from it to build the houses. Some of them are still preserved and are located at the very beginning of Simmeringer Hauptstrasse.

Incorporation

After the incorporation of the suburbs of Vienna in 1850, the discussion began in the 1870s about the incorporation of the suburbs outside the line wall , which, however, mostly did not want to give up their autonomy. However, after Emperor Franz Joseph I gave a speech in consultation with the Imperial and Royal Government at the opening of the Türkenschanzpark in the then still independent city of Währing (today 18th district) , in which the wish to enlarge Vienna was made very clear, In 1890 , the Lower Austrian state parliament decided to unify Vienna with over thirty suburbs, which should come into force on January 1, 1892.

On January 1, 1892, Simmering was united with Kaiserebersdorf and small parts of the communities of Kledering , Schwechat and Albern to form the 11th district of Vienna - against the will of the then Simmering Vice Mayor Karl Linke . On January 1st, 1956, after the conclusion of the state treaty and the withdrawal of the Red Army from the Albern harbor, the Lower Austrian municipality of Albern, which was independent until 1938, also became part of the Simmering district.

Personalities

literature

  • Felix Czeike : Historisches Lexikon Wien , Volume 5, Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1997, ISBN 3-218-00547-7 , p. 227 f.
  • Gerda Badstuber: Contribution to the local history of Simmering from 1680-1820 . Dissertation, University of Vienna 1964.
  • Hans Havelka: Simmering. History of the 11th district of Vienna and its old places . Jugend und Volk, Vienna 1983, ISBN 3-7141-6230-5 .
  • Herbert Exenberger : Like the little group of Maccabees. The Jewish community in Simmering 1848–1945 . Mandelbaum Verlag, Vienna 2009.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Friedrich von Kenner : The coin find from Simmering in Vienna. In: Numismatic Journal 27, 1895, p. 57 ff.
  2. ↑ Eva Kolníková: Bratislava Keltske mince. Tatran, Bratislava, 1991, ISBN 978-8022-2028-17 .
  3. ^ Susanne Sievers / Otto Helmut Urban / Peter C. Ramsl: Lexicon for Celtic Archeology. A-K and L-Z ; Announcements of the prehistoric commission in the publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences , Vienna 2012, ISBN 978-3-7001-6765-5 , p. 1711 f.
  4. ^ Wife of Hans-Christoph von Römerstal (1593–1636), Lieutenant Colonel of the Guard in Vienna. Cf. Katrin Keller (ed.) Ea: The diaries and diaries of Cardinal Ernst Adalbert von Harrach (1598–1667) , Vol. 2, Diarium 1629–1646, p. 89. online

Coordinates: 48 ° 10 '  N , 16 ° 25'  E