Kaiserebersdorf

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Kaiserebersdorf
coat of arms map
Coat of arms of Kaiserebersdorf map
Kaiserebersdorf Castle

Kaiserebersdorf was an independent municipality until 1891 and has been a district of Vienna in the 11th district of Simmering since 1892 and one of the 89 Viennese cadastral communities . A small part of Kaiserebersdorf is in the 10th district of Favoriten .

Geography and traffic

Kaiserebersdorf is located in the extreme southeast of the city and borders on the Lower Austrian city ​​of Schwechat . The cadastral municipality extends over an area of ​​1049.11 hectares , of which 23 hectares are in the district of Favoriten. Most of these are traffic areas of the Ostbahn with the central shunting yard Wien-Kledering . Located on the Ostautobahn (A4) and connected to Favoriten and the city center by tram lines 11 and 71, Kaiserebersdorf is still partly agricultural today.

Until the late 19th century, Kaiserebersdorf was traversed by the lower reaches of the Schwechat, which flowed into the Danube north of Albern . In the course of the Danube regulation , however, this course was first diverted north of Albern as Neubach into the Alberner Wasser (today the Albern harbor basin ) and finally completely drained in 1883 by diverting the Schwechat into the Kalten Gang and diverting it into the Danube at Mannswörth.

In the spelling "Kaiser-Ebersdorf", the district also forms a three- count district of official statistics, the borderline of which is not identical to that of the cadastral municipality.

In the center of Kaiserebersdorf there was a stop of the same name on the Vienna city line of the Pressburger Bahn ; this city line was no longer operated after 1945. The Kaiserebersdorf-Albern stop, which was maintained for passenger traffic, existed on the Donauländebahn on the eastern edge of the town until 1945.

In 2002, the new S-Bahn station Vienna Kaiserebersdorf of the S 7 ("Airport Schnellbahn"), the successor to the Pressburger Bahn, was built on the site of the historic Klein-Schwechat station of the Donauländebahn . It is located in the Kaiserebersdorf area, but not near the historic center, but on Simmeringer Hauptstrasse, the old direct connection from Vienna to Schwechat.

The Kaiserebersdorf station as seen from Schwechat .

history

Kaiserebersdorf Palace around 1750; Engraving by Salomon Kleiner
Kaiserebersdorf north of Klein Schwechat, around 1873 ( recording sheet of the state survey)

The first traces of settlement in the area of ​​today's Csokorgasse / Sängergasse, which were uncovered during archaeological excavations in the 1970s, date from the Urnfield period . The place Ebersdorf is first documented in 1108. A castle has existed here since at least the 13th century, which was the seat of the noble Ebersdorf family , who for a long time were chief treasurers in Austria. In 1499 the Roman-German King and later Emperor Maximilian I came into possession of the castle and had it expanded into the Kaiserebersdorf hunting and pleasure palace . During the second Turkish siege of Vienna in 1683, the place and the castle were destroyed, Maria Theresa dedicated the rebuilt castle in 1745 to poor relief, later it served as barracks. In 1809 the place was again devastated by Napoleon's troops . From May 18 to July 5, 1809, Thürnlhof Castle was Napoleon's headquarters during the Battle of Aspern . On May 31, 1809, in the presence of Napoleon, who visited him three times, his close friend, the French officer Field Marshal Jean Lannes , Prince de Sievers, Duc de Montebello , died in the mansion of the Mühlbergerhof of what was then the Kaiserebersdorf brewery from his serious wounding in the battle Aspern.

The remote town benefited little from the industrialization that began in the 19th century and the associated population growth. In 1883 Kaiserebersdorf had around 2500 inhabitants. The three traditional mayors of Kaiserebersdorf were Georg Schmidgunst (1861–1867 and 1870–1873), Lorenz Herret (1867–1870) and the business owner Johann Haindl (1873–1891). On January 1, 1892, it was united with the suburb of Simmering to form the 11th district of Vienna. After the annexation to the German Reich on March 12, 1938, on March 14, 1938, coming from the Penzing marshalling yard, the 2nd Battalion of Infantry Regiment 63, the 27th Infantry Division of the Wehrmacht, moved into their regimental quarters in Kaiserebersdorf. On May 31, 1955, the Viennese city commandant of the French occupation troops, together with a musical procession and a company of honor from the French army, unveiled a memorial plaque at the Mühlbergerhof for Napoleon's friend, officer Jean Lannes, who died after the Battle of Aspern in 1809 .

The village character of Kaiserebersdorf only disappeared in the 1960s, when houses, schools and shopping centers were built. Kaiserebersdorf Palace, which was used as barracks, later as a factory and around 1924 as a juvenile prison, has been the Vienna Simmering prison since 1968 , a prison for adults. Since 1998 there have been two wings, in the historic castle building the department for “relaxed enforcement” (released prisoners, negligence offenders) and an extension with six departments for pre-trial detention and custody .

Culture and sights

Parish church Kaiserebersdorf

In 1939/1940, shooting for the Nazi film The Postmaster took place in and near the Klein-Schwechat station building (today S7 station Kaiserebersdorf) .

Economy and Infrastructure

In the north of Kaiserebersdorf, between the Ostautobahn and the Danube Canal, there are the Simmering waste disposal companies with the main sewage treatment plant in Vienna , the Pfaffenau waste incineration plant and the Vienna Biogas waste processing plant . The main workshop of Wiener Linien is in the south of the district not far from the central cemetery.

Personalities

  • Paul Wagner (16th century), village blacksmith from Kaiserebersdorf
  • Johann Georg Uhl, master brewer at the Kaiserebersdorf brewery
  • Matthias Kimmerl (1818–1883), last imperial local judge and namesake of today's Kimmerlgasse
  • Michael Seida , musician and entertainer

literature

  • Representation of the Archduchy of Austria under the Ens. Volume 1, 1831, p. 223 ff (also about the Ebersdorfer , then Count von Thierstein, p. 255 ff .; Google eBook, full view )

Web links

Commons : Kaiserebersdorf  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. S. Hohensinner, A. Hahmann: Historical hydraulic structures on the Vienna Danube and its tributaries. (PDF 3MB) (= materials on the environmental history of Austria. No. 2). Vienna 2015, DNB 1101705515
  2. Completed excavation 11th, Csokorgasse - Stadtarchäologie Wien ( Memento from April 30th 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ^ Kulturverein Simmering, 2012: Festschrift 120 years Simmering near Vienna

Coordinates: 48 ° 9 '  N , 16 ° 27'  E