brewery

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pilsner's birthplace , Pilsen

A brewery (lat. Braxatorium ) is a facility in the broadest sense in which composite liquids are produced , mostly with the help of fermentation . The brewery is the place or the building ( brewery ) where beer or other fermented beverages are brewed. Brewery also refers to the company that produces and sells beer. The place where the brewing equipment is located is called the brewery in the industry.

Occasionally one speaks of a beer factory , especially in the Austrian-speaking area .

Even soy sauce and some soft drinks are produced in the brewing process.

There are different types of breweries that produce different types of beer using different processes with different degrees of automation.

history

Brew kettle of the historic Cantillon brewery in Brussels (2001)

Brewery technology experienced the greatest technological advance in 1876 with the introduction of artificial cooling using Linde ammonia compressors , which made large-scale and export breweries possible. The largest brewery on the continent was in Schwechat near Vienna at the end of the 19th century , with a few other large breweries in Mainz , Vienna and Munich . However, the world's largest breweries were then in England . In the area of ​​the German Brewery Tax Community (this did not include: Kingdom of Bavaria , Kingdom of Württemberg , Grand Duchy of Baden , Alsace-Lorraine and Luxembourg ) there were a total of 12,743 breweries in 1879, of which 10,117 were commercial and 1750 non-commercial, i.e. a total of 11,867 were in operation during 875 rested. While 16,102,179 hectoliters of beer were produced in 14,157 breweries in 1872, in 1878/1879 only 11,867 breweries produced 20,371,925 hectoliters of beer. For the entire German Empire , the quantity of beer produced this year was given as around 38,464,000 hectoliters.

Austria-Hungary produced 11,180,681 hectoliters of beer in 2297 breweries in 1879, compared with 142,763 hectoliters less in 1878. Also produced: Great Britain and Ireland : 45,000,000, Belgium : 7,866,000, France : 7,500,000, Russia : 2,214,000, the Netherlands : 1,528,000 hectoliters.

Raw material brewing barley

In the United States , where at the end of the 19th century the production of porter and ale was limited, the brewing of Bavarian and Austrian beers is slowly spreading; in 1875 there were already 2,783 breweries operating there.

After German reunification , almost all of the East breweries were taken over by West German or foreign investors, for example the Köstritzer black beer brewery from the Bitburger brewery , the Potsdam brewery from the Berliner Kindl Schultheiss brewery , the Jena brewery from the Warsteiner brewery , the Schloßbrauerei Gotha from the Oettinger brewery , the Feldschlößchen brewery Chemnitz from the Mönchshof-Brau Kulmbach , the Hasseröder brewery Wernigerode from the Gilde Brauerei Hannover etc.

The number of breweries operated in Germany has remained largely the same since the mid-1990s (1995: 1282, 2003: 1275, 2006: 1289, 2010: 1325). Nevertheless, on closer inspection, reallocations become clear. Only the small breweries (with an annual production of less than 5000 hl) recorded an increase (1995: 643, 2003: 773, 2006: 822, 2010: 901). For medium-sized breweries (5000 to 0.5 million hl) and large breweries (from 0.5 million hl), an opposite trend can be identified (1995: 585/54, 2003: 450/52, 2006: 420/47 2010: 381/43).

The number of home breweries has increased significantly since the 1990s. The in-house production of beer in the household is also gaining in importance, since the taste is tailored to individual needs.

House brewery of the Richard Becker economy in Remscheid -Ehringhausen
Spendrups brewery in Stockholm , video.

Breweries worldwide

According to Ratebeer, there are over 22,000 breweries worldwide. The large corporations or brewery groups, Anheuser-Busch InBev , Heineken , China Resources Breweries , Carlsberg and the Molson Coors Brewing Company together control the world market with almost 60%. But especially in the USA, a counter-movement developed against the uniform beers. US President Jimmy Carter had already signed a decree in 1979 that allowed private individuals to produce beer in small quantities. But it wasn't until the turn of the millennium that a boom developed, the craft beer movement. In the USA alone, the number of breweries has increased from around 80 in 1979 to 7,450 in 2020.

Breweries in Europe

According to Brewers of Europe, the number of breweries has grown to 10,154 by 2020. This can only be explained by the founding of many small breweries that produce special beers ( craft , IPA, etc.). The UK has the largest number of breweries.

  • UK 2030
  • France 1600
  • Germany 1539 (including approx. 650 in Bavaria and another 250 in Baden-Württemberg )
  • Switzerland 1021
  • Italy 874
  • Netherlands 699
  • Spain 538
  • Czech Republic 488
  • Sweden 375
  • Belgium 304
  • Austria 298
  • Poland 250
  • Ireland 128
  • Norway 128
  • Portugal 120
  • Slovenia 99

Brew beer

The process of making beer in the brewery is brewing . Information on the varieties produced can be found in the article Beer .

See also

Web links

Commons : Breweries  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Brewery  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. Federal Statistical Office: Brewing Industry. In: Finance and Taxes. Technical series 14 row 9.2.2. Wiesbaden 2008 and 2011.
  2. Our world directory of 22,000+ breweries ( English ) ratebeer.com. Accessed June 1, 2020.
  3. ^ Brewers of Europe