Ale (beer)
Ale is a common term for an alcoholic, fermented beverage made primarily from malted barley . Ale is native to the British Isles , where the term ale is colloquially used synonymously for beer in general.
Ale is fermented with top-fermenting yeast at temperatures of 15 to 25 ° C. Fermentation takes place at higher temperatures than lager beer .
history
Before the 15th century, the term ale only meant unhopped beers . In contrast, the term beer was used to designate beverages made with the addition of hops . Later on, ale brewers also used hops. However, the ale and beer breweries remained separate professions until the 18th century. This distinction no longer applies: with the exception of porter and stout , all local top-fermented beers in Great Britain are referred to as ale . In the USA, on the other hand, it is common to denote all top-fermented beers as ale in an undifferentiated manner. B. from " Kölsch -style ale ".
The ale bottle, e.g. B. according to standard sheet A 103 for the 0.5 liter bottle (also called shoulder bottle ), is a typical bottle shape that merges into the cylindrical body at a large angle in the shoulder area of the bottle . If the bottle neck is unusually long, marketing speaks of a long-neck bottle .
distribution
The brewing of ale started in colonial England and has thus established itself in the USA and Australia. These countries have their own traditions of ale brewing. US specialties are z. B. the American IPA and the Double IPA . The yeast-cloudy Sparkling ale is brewed in Australia .
Ales are also brewed in Belgium alongside other types of beer. There has been a lively exchange between Belgium and England in the past, so some of the Belgian beers show traces of an English influence. Real Ale , also called Cask ale or Cask-conditioned ale , describes beer that is produced and served according to certain guidelines (defined by CAMRA ).
In Scandinavia and the Baltic States , the Germanic word alu is in Danish. / Norway. øl or swedish / isl. oil , finn. olut estn. õlu , lett. / lit. alus , where it refers to all types of beer (including the bottom-fermented Pilsner and lager beers).
sorts
There are numerous types of ales in the UK including:
- Mild ale , a full, sweet beer, mostly dark in color with relatively little hops and alcohol
- Pale Ale , light to copper-colored and with more pronounced hop aroma and bitter called
- India Pale Ale (IPA) , usually a somewhat stronger and tart ale, but some breweries also use the term for a light pale ale
- Red Ale , ale brewed with malts containing melanoidins
- Light ale and Brown ale , a light and brown beer respectively
- Heather ale , a beer from Scotland , (which in addition to flavor instead of or gerbstoffreiches to hop heather English heather ) is used
- Stock ales , an earlier term for higher quality beers that matured for a long time
- Vintage ale , term for a vintage beer
literature
- Michael Jackson : Beer International . Hallwag Verlag, Bern and Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-444-10432-4 , (Original edition: Michael Jackson's Beer Companion , most recently: 2nd edition rev. And updated. Mitchell Beazley, London 1997, ISBN 1-84000-006-6 ).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ale bottle on Deutscher Brauer-Bund , accessed on July 28, 2018