Pilgrimage church Maria Lanzendorf
The pilgrimage church of Maria Lanzendorf is dedicated to the painful Mother of God. It is a Roman Catholic parish church in the municipality of Maria-Lanzendorf ( Schwechat deanery of the Archdiocese of Vienna ) in Lower Austria . For a long time it was one of the most popular pilgrimage sites in Lower Austria. The integration of the Gothic Chapel of Mercy into the new baroque church and the Calvary next to the church are remarkable.
history
The first written mention of the church, originally called Maria auf der Heyd , dates back to 1145, from which it emerges that an older church that was destroyed by enemies was rebuilt at that time. The legend (first recorded in writing in 1744) even says that the apostle Luke is said to have preached here to the Marcomanni , which is said to have been recorded on a stone inscription. The first chapel would then be from the XII. Legion of the Emperor Marc Aurel was erected here in thanks for the wonderful victory over the Marcomanni. In 506 a British Prince Arthur would have built a church in honor of St. Luke. The Franconian princess Erintrudis is said to have prayed in 539 in front of the image of the Mother of God displayed in the church. The little church destroyed by the Avars was rebuilt by Charlemagne and a new image of Mary was donated by him. Captain Kilian Rausch, who returned home happily from a crusade, is said to have founded a brotherhood of Sebastian in 1193, which was supposed to undertake an annual procession to the Marienkapelle on the heath, a tradition that still exists. The events were recorded on seven large-format panels in the 18th century, which are located on the outside of the chapel.
Historical documents report that in 1267 the order was made to celebrate mass here every day. In 1418 Maria Lanzendorf was finally named a place of pilgrimage . There was a parish church in Lanzendorf, for which a pastor named Otto is mentioned for the first time in 1395. In 1529 this church and the parsonage of Lanzendorf were destroyed in the course of the first Turkish siege of Vienna and were not rebuilt afterwards. Due to a lack of priests during the Reformation, the parish of Laa received pastoral care from Lanzendorf and auxiliary priests were sent by St. Stephan in Vienna to hold services in the pilgrimage chapel, which was spared by the Turks. After the parish was again occupied by its own priests in between, Bishop Anton Brus (1558–1563) had to finally dissolve the parish, as most of the residents became Protestant and the income in the place was too low. The pilgrimage church was now deserted.
During the second Turkish siege of Vienna in 1683, the pilgrimage church was destroyed and the miraculous image disappeared. Shortly afterwards, the sculptor Fiechtl from Gumpoldskirchen created a new portrait that was similar to the Gothic one. A Franciscan looked after the chapel and pilgrimages from Vienna began again. Due to numerous answers to prayer, Emperor Leopold I decided in 1696 to build a Franciscan monastery and a new pilgrimage church. He himself laid the foundation stone for the new building and decreed that the choir of the old chapel must be preserved. How much he took part in the fate of Maria Lanzendorf can also be seen from the fact that he visited the construction site fifteen times during the construction work. By the time it was completed, the number of friars grew from 12 to 40. The imperial family often visited the pilgrimage church, perhaps due to the proximity of Maria Lanzendorf to the imperial summer residence of Laxenburg . Emperor Joseph I. , Karl VI. , Maria Theresa and later Elisabeth often came to the pilgrimage church to pray.
When Emperor Joseph II ordered the abolition of the monasteries in 1783 , Maria Lanzendorf was allowed to remain and in 1784 became a parish church again. However, the pilgrimages were banned. Another danger existed between 1803 and 1808, when the church stood in the water for years because the Wiener Neustädter Canal , which was made navigable in 1803, was leaking and flooded large areas. In 1809 the French devastated the sanctuary during the Napoleonic Wars . The miraculous image was brought to safety in the Franciscan monastery in Vienna. Shortly before the end of the Second World War, on April 4, 1945, the church was set on fire. The roof and the towers burned down and the valuable dome fresco by Johann Michael Rottmayr was destroyed. Until 1956 the church was renewed and renovated. In 1990 the monastery, which had been supervised by the Franciscans until then, became the Oratory of St. Philipp Neri handed over. Since 2007 it has been in the care of the Franciscan Community of Mary, Queen of Peace .
Building description
A baroque new building by Franz Jänggl was erected above the Gothic chapel , which was probably revised by Matthias Steinl . The building, consecrated in 1703, soon turned out to be too small for the faithful and was therefore expanded again from 1728–1730, so that the Chapel of Grace was positioned in the middle of the church, similar to that in Mariazell . The church has a baroque double tower facade designed by Matthias Steinl. The nave is high in proportion, the choir is the same height under a gable roof. A portal porch with triangular gable and low porches on the south side protrude from the facade.
The nave consists of a wide five-bay hall building with a stab cap barrel on wide pillars. There are shallow chapels between the pillars. The west gallery is vaulted under the groin and rests on Tuscan marble columns. The choir with a semicircular apse and stitch caps over pillars is covered by a pendentive dome.
Chapel of Mercy
The free-standing chapel of grace is located in the nave in front of the choir. It consists of the single-bay Gothic choir of the previous building, which was converted to Baroque style in 1701. The outer walls are enclosed by red marble. Inside it is lavishly furnished with rich stucco and plastic decor. The remarkable marble altar has columns over a semicircular plan. On the Tempietto tabernacle is the statue of grace by the sculptor Fiechtl, a Pietà in Gothic-style, created after 1683. In the lunettes there are oval pictures with the Annunciation and Adoration of the Shepherds from the beginning of the 18th century. The chapel is crowned by a surrounding marble balustrade. On the west side are the statues of St. Peter and Paul on half columns. There are seven large canvas paintings by Jacob Michl from 1746 on the outer walls.
Furnishing
Instead of the destroyed frescoes Decision of the Eternal Father about the Incarnation of his son by Johann Michael Rottmayr from 1728 to 1730 Wolfram Köberl created a Baroque vault fresco in 1954, which shows Mary as mediator between Christ and the world. Rottmayr's frescoes with scenes from the Old Testament are preserved in the pendants. The high altar painting Christ on the Mount of Olives (1730) was also created by Johann Michael Rottmayr. The side altars in the choir by Rottmayr represent the stigmatization of hll. Francis of Assisi (left) and Anthony of Padua (right). On the left side of the triumphal arch pillars are side altars with St. Florian von Kautzner (1847) and on the right with the instruction of Mary from the time around 1700. To the west of this is an altar with the image of St. Sebastian by Josef Neugebauer (1842) and on the right the Maria Immaculata (1707). Two valuable altars by Matthias Steinl follow: on the left the cross altar with an expressive, multi-figure group of figures and on the right an altar with the depiction of Christ's clan in an illusionary perspective. The rich baroque pulpit shows the damming of the four evangelists on the sound cover , and angel figures on the back wall. The three-part organ case with high sides comes from 1744 by Gottfried Sonnholz . Remarkably high quality statues by Johann Trey represent the four church fathers . A further twelve apostle figures on volute consoles date from around 1730. The statue of the risen Christ in the baptistery is from the beginning of the 18th century. The baptismal bowl was built around 1700. Furthermore, the confessionals, the holy water basin and the choir stalls on the gallery are from the beginning of the 18th century. The most valuable grave monument is a magnificent wall epitaph from 1716 for Princess Eva Esterhazy. In the devotional chapel there is an altar with another Pietà from the middle of the 18th century. Numerous popular votive pictures hang here , which were created as a result of answers to prayer.
The sacristy in the connecting building to the monastery is vaulted and has ceiling paintings from the middle of the 18th century. The central picture shows Abraham and Isaac . The wall paneling and the vestry cupboards are also baroque. The built-in Josephine treasury and vestry cupboards in the stuccoed treasury with a central column were looted in 1809.
Monastery building
The monastery building was added to the north of the church in 1699–1703. It is a two-storey four-wing complex around a square inner courtyard. In the refectory there are pictures in round medallions, lunette pictures (both 2nd quarter of the 18th century) and a crucifix in front of a painted crucifixion group on the east wall from the mid-18th century on the stuccoed flat ceiling. Baroque pictures are kept in the “old library”. In the courtyard there is a stone pietà from around 1800.
In the monastery area in front of the church there are several stone statues from the first half of the 18th century. Among them are a Marian column from 1715 and the statues of hll. Sebastian, Rochus , Rosalia , Bernhard , Johannes Capistranus , Johannes Nepomuk , Francis of Assisi and Antonius of Padua .
Calvary
From 1699 the Franciscan lay brother Franz Felix Nüring (Niering) began to build the remarkable Calvary with helpers next to the church . As early as 1701, the Calvary, still unfinished, was handed over to its destination. It is an artificial hill with spiral staircases, in whose grottos and caves the stations of Christ's passion are depicted. The figures in the grottoes are made of wood, the crowning crucifixion group is made of stone, as are the angels on the staircase parapets. With the addition of a replica of the HI. The staircase ( Scala Santa ) in the lower right zone was completed on August 16, 1709.
In front of the Kalvarienberg there is a Holy Sepulcher Chapel built around 1700 on the right , which has been converted into a war memorial.
literature
- Alexander Weiger: Parish and pilgrimage church Maria Lanzendorf . Verlag St. Peter: Salzburg 1996
- Bundesdenkmalamt (Ed.): Dehio-Handbuch Niederösterreich south of the Danube . Part 2 M to Z. Berger Verlag: Horn 2003, ISBN 3-85028-365-8
Web links
- Parish website
- Entry on Maria Lanzendorf in the database of the state's memory for the history of the state of Lower Austria ( Museum Niederösterreich )
Coordinates: 48 ° 6 ′ 3.1 ″ N , 16 ° 25 ′ 29.3 ″ E