Anton Brus von Müglitz

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Anton Brus von Müglitz
The inn in Müglitz is reminiscent of the personality of Antonín Brus in his hometown

Anton Brus von Müglitz (Czech: Antonín Brus z Mohelnice , born February 13, 1518 in Müglitz , † August 28, 1580 in Prague ) was Bishop of Vienna and Archbishop of Prague .

Career

Brus studied in Prague and Krakow , then entered the order of the Knights of the Cross with the Red Star and was ordained a priest in 1541. The young clergyman volunteered to fight the Turks in Hungary and was from 1542-1545 chaplain to the troops of the Moravian general Jindrich Meziříčský z Lomnice. After the armistice, Brus was active as a pastor in Bohemian religious parishes. In 1552 he was elected Grand Master of the Lords of the Cross. When the Turkish war broke out again, Emperor Ferdinand I appointed him supreme field chaplain and vicar general for the imperial troops.

Bishop of Vienna

In 1558 Brus was appointed Bishop of Vienna and at the same time worked as a spiritual and ecclesiastical advisor at the imperial court.

Archbishop of Prague

Because of his abilities, but also because he was able to live on the income of the Order of the Cross, Ferdinand I decided in 1561 to raise Anton Brus von Müglitz to Archbishop of Prague . After more than 140 years of vacancy since the Hussite storms , Brus was the first archbishop of the Bohemian metropolis. His task was to renew the diocese administration and to restore the reputation of the Catholic faith in the predominantly utraquist and Protestant Bohemia. The archbishop saw his most important sphere of activity in the reform of the customs of the clergy and the people. He rejected coercion and persecution as a means of converting heretics.

The emperor also placed the Utraquists and their consistory under the archbishopric's jurisdiction , which they initially responded to because Brus advocated certain concessions to them. The Utraquists had their priests consecrated by the archbishop, but refused to have their clergy checked by the diocesan authorities for Catholic teaching.

From 1562 he participated as an imperial legate and orator at the Council of Trent , where he also pushed for a compromise with the (old) -Utraquists and in 1564 was able to at least get them approved for communion in the cup , which was later banned by the Holy See. Subsequently, the Archbishop of Prague could no longer prevent most of the Utraquists from finally turning to Protestantism. From 1573 onwards he no longer made any ordinations of Hussite priests.

Anton Brus von Müglitz was in contact with various Catholic reformers, for example his Moravian compatriot Johann Leisentrit , who worked in Bautzen . The archbishop died in Prague and was buried in St. Vitus Cathedral.

  • Coat of arms as the Bishop of Vienna

  • Coat of arms as Archbishop of Prague

literature

  • Lactantius Johannes Codicius: De… Antonio Muglicio, Episcopo Viennesi iam confirmato, idyllion pietas . Viennae Austriae 1561. (Poem of praise to Anton Brus von Müglitz as Bishop of Vienna)
  • Antonius archiepisc. Pragensis (= Anton Brus von Müglitz): Oratio in Divi Ferdinandi augusti imperatoris allazione… . Budissinae 1565 (funeral sermon for Emperor Ferdinand I.)
  • B. Dudik (Ed.): Reformation article by Archbishop of Prague Anton Brus from 1564 . Vienna 1871.
  • Klement Borový: Antonín Brus z Mohelnice, arcibiskup Pražský. Historicko-kritický životopis. Na oslavu 900letého jubilea diecése Pražské . Praha 1873. ( digitized version )
  • Samuel Steinherz (Ed.): Letters from the Archbishop of Prague Anton Brus von Müglitz, 1562-1563 . Prague 1907.
  • Oscar Criste:  Brus, Anton . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 47, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1903, p. 313 f.
  • Hubert Jedin:  Brus von Müglitz, Anton. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , p. 689 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • James R. Palmitessa: The Archbishops of Prague in Urban Struggles of the Confessional Age, 1561-1612 . In: Zdeněk V. David u. a. (Ed.): The Bohemian Reformation and Religious Practice - Vol. 4 . Prague 2002, ISBN 80-86675-01-7 , pp. 261-273

Web links

Commons : Antonín Brus z Mohelnice  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
predecessor Office successor
Petrus Canisius Bishop of Vienna
1558–1562 		Urban Sagstetter
Heinrich Písek (Scribonius) von Bischofteinitz, administrator Archbishop of Prague
1561–1580 		Martin Medek from Müglitz
personal data
SURNAME Brus von Müglitz, Anton
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Brus z Mohelnice, Antonín
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bishop of Vienna and Archbishop of Prague
DATE OF BIRTH February 13, 1518
PLACE OF BIRTH Müglitz
DATE OF DEATH August 28, 1580
Place of death Prague