Michaelertrakt
The north facade of the Hofburg in Vienna's 1st district, Inner City, is known as the Michaelertrakt . The Michaelerplatz in front of it is one of the most beautiful squares in Vienna.
history
In addition to a project by Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt from 1725, there are three plans for the Michaelertrakt of the Hofburg that can be attributed to Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach . Project II can best be dated, it was created towards the end of 1725 and with this Fischer was able to assert himself against Hildebrandt's design. The project III dates from 1726, but arrived (with slight modifications) until 1890 for execution.
However, there is still a project I , which differs significantly from the two following, but corresponds to plans for the Palais Dietrichstein and the plans for Klosterneuburg (1730) secured by Joseph Emanuel's signature . The work of his father Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach cannot be counted in terms of time or architecture, and Hildebrandt is also out of the question for similar considerations. It is a purely ideal design, an impressive sample of the young fisherman, with whom he wanted to draw attention and therefore does not go into the local conditions: Two wings around a deeply penetrating place, which is closed off at the rear with a great corps de logis. This design can be dated to around 1722.
With Project II , the dimensions have already been reduced considerably, the wings and the semicircular tract merge around a semicircular space or five structures can be made out, the flanks from the semicircle to the wings were so clearly emphasized. It was created towards the end of 1725.
In Project III , which is ultimately implemented, a basic idea runs through the facade: harmonious and yet moving, but not chopped up, the building line follows the square and no part of the facade appears devalued. The original plan is no longer preserved. The planning must have taken place in 1726, this results from the details of the Reich Chancellery, which was then under construction and drawn on the plan. However, Ferdinand Kirschner only made slight changes to this design between 1889 and 1893 in the course of building the Ringstrasse .
The Michaelertrakt had up to 16 m depth of sound are. The old houses, as well as the former Hofburgtheater - which had to be demolished - stood on old culture soil and had up to three basement floors. While the figures are mostly made of Zogelsdorf stone , the building stone is made of Kaisersteinbruch . Kaiserstein was used for the entire base (made of 20 cm thick slabs) and the balcony slabs for the imperial passage to Michaelerplatz. No other quarry could produce such large workpieces. The pillars of the new festive stairs and the steps of the treasure chamber stairs (Gottfried von Eine-Stiege) were all made of hard, white imperial stone.
In May 1943, what was then the "Central Institute for Theater Studies" at the University of Vienna, under the direction of the National Socialist theater scholar Heinz Kindermann, moved into the former police premises of the Michaelertrakt, where it is still located today (now the "Institute for Theater, Film and Media Studies") .
The four Hercules groups , each of them carved from a 25 ton block, are from the Johannesbruch in Zogelsdorf near Eggenburg in Lower Austria . The figures of the two fountains, “Austria's Power to the Sea ” and “Austria's Power to the Land ” are made from Lasa marble (South Tyrol), the rocks from Lindabrunn conglomerate . The fountain bowls are made of red granite from Uddevalla in Sweden .
In the round hall under the dome there are symbolic figures, which - protected under a roof - consist mainly of less resistant sand-lime bricks from Loretto .
The Royal Library in Berlin is based on the plans for the Michaeler Wing. It was built from 1775 to 1780 as a copy of the Hofburg's designs, 100 years before the original. The builder was the Prussian architect Georg Christian Unger , the client was Frederick the Great .
Picture gallery
Dome figure with a view of the top of the Michaelerkirche
"Die Macht zu Lande" (1897) - fountain with a group of figures on the outside of the Michaeler tract
Detail from the fountain "The power on land"
Web links
- Entry via Hofburg - Michaelertrakt on Burgen-Austria
Individual evidence
- ^ Thomas Zacharias : Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach , Herold, Vienna 1960
- ↑ Birgit Peter, Martina Payr: Science after fashion? The founding of the Central Institute for Theater Studies at the University of Vienna in 1943 . 2nd edition, Lit, Vienna 2008, ISBN 978-3-7000-0831-6 , p. 250.
- ↑ Robert Seemann , Herbert Summesberger: Wiener stone walking paths, the geology of the big city . The inner castle gate and the Michaelertrakt of the Hofburg S42-44, 1999 Christian Brandstätter publishing house . ISBN 3-85447-787-2
Coordinates: 48 ° 12 '27.4 " N , 16 ° 21' 57.7" E