Zogelsdorf stone
The Zogelsdorfer Stein (historically known as Eggenburger Stein , Burgschleinitzer Stein or Weißer Stein von Eggenburg ) is a sand-lime stone that is mainly mined near Zogelsdorf near Eggenburg in Lower Austria .
Origin and occurrence
The sand-lime stone from the same facies as the Vienna Leitha limestone comes from the Burdigalium and is therefore somewhat older than the Leitha limestone . As the main Gesteinsbildner the masses involved are bryozoans (Bryozoa) to call, so the stone in the scientific literature as Bryozoan or Nulliporenkalk ( Nulliporse are algae) is called. In addition, depending on the formation, there are also pilgrim clams and occasional sea urchins and barnacles , which indicates an emergence in the marine, moving shallow water area. Quartz , muscovites and feldspars can be observed as clastic inclusions , which have been cemented in with calcite or block sparit . These inclusions can be derived from the nearby granites on which the sand-lime brick is also deposited.
The sand-lime brick is widespread on the eastern edge of the Bohemian Massif between Pulkau and Maissau , but especially around Eggenburg as a 5 to 10 meter thick layer. Because of the extensive stability of the Bohemian Massif, the sand-lime brick is hardly fissured and therefore of high quality.
Degradation and properties
The stone was already broken in the Bronze Age , as can be seen from finds. The dismantling did not end until the middle of the 20th century. The last stones were used to repair the war damage at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Because of its excellent properties, the stone was highly valued by sculptors, especially since, because it was hardly fissured, it could also be obtained in pieces of any size. Its use intensified in the 12th century, where it was mainly obtained in several places for local needs and, for example, in church construction (churches in Eggenburg, Kuenring, Pulkau and Burgschleinitz).
Successful "advertising strategy"
The " advertising strategists " of that time were extremely successful in the condemnation of the calcareous sandstone of the Leitha Mountains and the Rust hill country , so that one in Vienna from bad hung innovative stain spoke. This went so far that even Prince Esterházy, who owned numerous stone quarries of his own, had sculptures and sculptures made from Zogelsdorf stone in Fertód Castle! This was of course due to competition reasons . Since several sons from Eggenburg stonemason families, such as Johann Georg Haresleben , Reichardt Fux , Joseph Winkler , Johann Michael Strickner , etc. a.more, found no place in their own stonemasonry, "the stable, hard limestone combined with the sculptor's stone " by marrying (mostly by marrying the master's widow ) into the Italian-Swiss master families in the imperial quarry and were then very successful.
On the plateau between Zogelsdorf and Reinprechtspölla, the stone was broken in more and more small places, until these quarries had grown together over time into the so-called Big Break (or forest break ). Archives about this break have existed since 1472. The stone experienced its heyday in the 17th and 18th centuries: The Große Bruch owned by the Harmannsdorf rulership was leased to several stonemasons as well as to bulk buyers such as pens, with up to 400 people working at the quarry and in dependent businesses. The individual parts of the quarry were named after their tenants (e.g. Göttweiger Wand). After disputes between the competing Eggenburg and Schönbrunn stonemasons, the quarry area lost its importance around 1770. The Schönbrunn stonemasons did not want to purchase any prefabricated stones from Eggenburg, but only raw blocks, which the Eggenburg stonemasons refused. The Schönbrunn stonemasons then used lime from the Leitha area or Sankt Margarethner stone , with which the Zogelsdorfer stone quickly went out of fashion and between 1780 and 1800 the stonemasonry around Eggenburg almost came to a standstill.
According to Schweickhardt , five foremen and 20 unskilled workers were employed at the quarry around 1830, which only covered local needs. In 1839 Carl Freiherr von Suttner, Bertha von Suttner's father-in-law, took over Harmannsdorf and Zogelsdorf and tried to revive the business. He had to stop deliveries to Eisgrub Castle in Moravia because of the high transport costs. It was not until the buildings on Vienna's Ringstrasse (1860–1890) stimulated demand and the newly built Franz-Josephs-Bahn made transport easier. The Johannesbruch, which is accessible today, was opened around 1870 and was in operation until around 1885. Up until the 1920s, stones were still sporadically removed, and around 1950 on a larger scale as part of repairing war damage.
use
It was used in numerous buildings and sculptures, for example in Vienna 's St. Stephen's Cathedral (Heidentürme and large parts of the Gothic building, high altar of St. Stephen's Cathedral ) and the Karlskirche , in the figural decoration of the Geras , Altenburg , Herzogenburg and Melk monasteries and in Viennese palace buildings such as the palace Schönbrunn , at the Michaelertor as well as at the National Library ( Hofburg ), at the city palace of Prince Eugene , in the Palais Liechtenstein or in the Esterházy Palace in Hungary. This made this stone, together with the Kaiserstein from Kaisersteinbruch, one of the most important building stones, especially in Vienna.
In the stonemason's house in Zogelsdorf and in the Johannes-Schausteinbruch in Zogelsdorf, the properties and use of the Zogelsdorf stone are exemplarily explained. The magnificent stone quarry south of Groß-Reipersdorf (near Pulkau train station) can also be visited. The big break on the road between Zogelsdorf and Reinprechtspölla is inaccessible.
literature
- Alois Kieslinger : Stone handicrafts in Eggenburg and Zogelsdorf, In: Our home, monthly newspaper of the Association for Regional Studies and Homeland Protection of Lower Austria and Vienna. No. 5-7, 1935
- Burghard Gaspar: The "White Stone of Eggenburg". The Zogelsdorfer sand-lime brick and its masters, In: The Waldviertel. 1995, vol. 44, issue 4, pp. 331-367
- Burgschleinitz-Kuehnring
Web links
- August Hanisch, Heinrich Schmid: Austria's quarries. Directory of the quarries that deliver cuboids, steps, paving stones, grindstones and millstones or roof slabs. Graeser, Vienna 1901. (Online at ALO ).
- Federal Geological Institute: Burgschleinitz-Kühnring Zogelsdorf-W, Johannesbruch
Individual evidence
- ↑ Steinmetzhaus in Zogelsdorf municipality Burgschleinitz-Kühnring accessed on May 15, 2010
- ^ Andreas Rohatsch : The building and decorative stones of the Mauerbach Charterhouse. In: Mauerbach Charterhouse from 1314 until today. Austrian magazine for art and monument preservation LIII. 1999. Issue 2/3/4
- ^ Andreas Rohatsch: Kaisersteinbruch - Leithakalk in the best quality. In: Thomas Hofmann (Hrsg.): Vienna Lower Austria Burgenland, walks in the history of the earth (22). Federal Geological Institute . Vienna 2007, ISBN 978-3-89937-074-4 , pp. 172-173.