Master family

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The Champion family was from the Middle Ages until the beginning of industrialization a work and life in the craft .

The apprenticeship as a journeyman within the guilds or gaffs took place in the households of the masters . Until his journeyman examination , the apprentice lived and worked with the master's family.

everyday life

Most of the apprentices came to the master craftsman's workshop when they were around 14 years old and stayed there for up to seven years before taking the journeyman's examination and having to go on a hike . They lived in the household of the master family and shared everyday life as well as going to church with them like family members, but at the same time had to do household chores (cleaning, carrying loads, child care) in addition to studying in the workshop .

industrialization

In the 18th century, the old master craftsmen and women with the emerging manufactories and factories lost their importance, the guilds lost their power and were abolished in their medieval form around the turn of the 19th century. At the same time, the still very young workers who poured from the countryside into the industrial cities were not involved in any family-like relationships, and ties to religion also weakened.

As a countermovement, associations of young workers formed in the early 19th century. In 1845 the Catholic priest Adolph Kolping , who himself had completed an apprenticeship as a shoemaker in Cologne from the age of 13, came to Elberfeld, which was particularly overpopulated due to the population boom of that time . Frightened by the great misery of the young workers, he founded a bachelor's association in 1846, which was followed by numerous other journeyman's hospices, which were supposed to replace the young men, which was previously done by the master family.

Friedrich von Bodelschwingh took up the term master family again in 1880 . In the Bodelschwingh Institutions he founded , he created a similar form of coexistence between master craftsmen and the disabled, journeymen and apprentices living in the institution. In the course of time, each craft business got its own house in which a master family with around 10 to 16 handicapped people, apprentices and journeymen lived and worked. From around 1911 the name was changed to "Anstaltsfamilie".

20th century

Today, master craftsmen with a long and persistent family tradition also call themselves master families.

literature

  • Helmut Arnold: The structural change in the working society and the socio-political mandate of youth professional assistance , Diss. Dresden 2000 ( PDF , 1.4 MB)
  • Wolfram Fischer: The handicraft in upheaval at the beginning of the industrial age , in: European History Topic Portal (2006) ( [1] )

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